Ecological filtering and exaptation in the evolution of marine snakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Gearty ◽  
Elsie Carrillo ◽  
Jonathan L Payne
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
pp. 118810
Author(s):  
Miguel Martínez-Ramos ◽  
Felipe Barragán ◽  
Francisco Mora ◽  
Susana Maza-Villalobos ◽  
Luis F. Arreola-Villa ◽  
...  


Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. e02654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keng‐Lou James Hung ◽  
John S. Ascher ◽  
Jessica A. Davids ◽  
David A. Holway




2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keara L. Grady ◽  
Jackson W. Sorensen ◽  
Nejc Stopnisek ◽  
John Guittar ◽  
Ashley Shade

Abstract Perennial grasses are promising feedstocks for biofuel production, with potential for leveraging their native microbiomes to increase their productivity and resilience to environmental stress. Here, we characterize the 16S rRNA gene diversity and seasonal assembly of bacterial and archaeal microbiomes of two perennial cellulosic feedstocks, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus). We sample leaves and soil every three weeks from pre-emergence through senescence for two consecutive switchgrass growing seasons and one miscanthus season, and identify core leaf taxa based on occupancy. Virtually all leaf taxa are also detected in soil; source-sink modeling shows non-random, ecological filtering by the leaf, suggesting that soil is an important reservoir of phyllosphere diversity. Core leaf taxa include early, mid, and late season groups that were consistent across years and crops. This consistency in leaf microbiome dynamics and core members is promising for microbiome manipulation or management to support crop production.



Oikos ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Houseman ◽  
Katherine L. Gross


Author(s):  
Krushnamegh Kunte ◽  
Athulya Girish Kizhakke ◽  
Viraj Nawge

Mimicry rings are communities of mimetic organisms that are excellent models for ecological and evolutionary studies because the community composition, the nature of the species interactions, the phenotypes under selection, and the selective agents are well characterized. Here, we review how regional and ecological filtering, density- and frequency-dependent selection, toxicity of prey, and age of mimicry rings shape their assembly. We synthesize findings from theoretical and empirical studies to generate the following hypotheses: ( a) the degree of unpalatability and age of mimicry rings increase mimicry ring size and ( b) the degree of unpalatability, generalization of the aposematic signal, and availability of alternative prey are positively related to the breadth of the protection umbrella for an aposematic signal and negatively related to the degree of mimetic resemblance. We also provide a phylogenetic framework in which key aspects of mimicry ring diversification may be studied. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 52 is November 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.



Ecosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e01650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus A. K. Sydenham ◽  
Stein R. Moe ◽  
Michael Kuhlmann ◽  
Simon G. Potts ◽  
Stuart P. M. Roberts ◽  
...  


2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christien Steyn ◽  
Michelle Greve ◽  
Mark P. Robertson ◽  
Jesse M. Kalwij ◽  
Peter C. le Roux


2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Renault ◽  
Mathieu Laparie ◽  
Shannon J. McCauley ◽  
Dries Bonte


2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goffredo Filibeck ◽  
Paolo Cornelini ◽  
Paolo Petrella

Abstract - We analyzed the floristic composition of a 4.5 km-long segment of a high- -speed railway in Lazio, central Italy, which travels on an artificial embankment through an intensively-farmed landscape. In total, 287 vascular plant species were recorded. The life-form distribution was found to be similar to that of the regional species pool, with high percentages of therophytes (38%) and phanerophytes (13%). In the chorological spectrum the Mediterranean floristic element prevailed (44%), while alien species were 8% of the flora. The phytosociological spectrum showed a high diversity of characteristic species from the class Stellarietea mediae or its subordinate syntaxa (26%), and in particular from the order Thero-Brometalia (Mediterranean, sub-nitrophilous annual communities). Species from forest syntaxa had a relatively high diversity (9%). These results suggest that the ecological filtering provided by the Mediterranean regional climate controlled species assemblage even in a completely artificial habitat, preventing floristic homogenization: the flora of the studied railway section is only partially »ruderalized«, while it keeps strong links with the regional (semi-) natural plant communities. However, in contrast to what is observed in central and north Europe, the railway sides studied in the present paper do not seem to represent a refugial habitat for rare species from grassland communities, mainly because in Italy semi-natural dry grasslands are still widely represented.



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