Numerical Simulations of 22% Efficient All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cell Utilizing Lead-Free and Low Lead Content Halide Perovskites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Pandey ◽  
Sakshi Sharma ◽  
Jaya Madan ◽  
Rajnish Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Tandem Solar Cell ◽  
Current Matching

Abstract Lead-free or low lead content perovskite materials are explored in photovoltaic devices to mitigate the challenges of toxic lead-based halides. However, the conversion efficiency from such materials is far below compared to its counterparts. Therefore, to make a humble contribution in the development of lead-free or low lead content perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for future thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technology, a simulation study of tin (Sn) and Pb mixed halide (MAPb0.5Sn0.5I3, 1.22 eV) PSC is carried out in this manuscript. The device is further optimized in terms of transport layer and thickness variation to get 15.1% conversion efficiency. Moreover, the optimized narrow bandgap halide (NBH) based device is further deployed in the monolithic tandem configuration with lead-free wide bandgap (1.82 eV) halide, i.e., Cs2AgBi0.75Sb0.25Br6, 1.82eV (WBH) PSC, to mitigate the thermalization as well as transparent Eg losses. Filtered spectrum, current matching, and construction of tandem J-V curve at the current matching point are utilized to design the tandem solar cell under consideration. Tandem device delivered short current density, JSC (15.21 mA.cm-2), open-circuit voltage, VOC (1.95 V), fill factor, FF (74.09 %) and power conversion efficiency, PCE (21.97%). The performance of the devices considered in this work is found to be in good approximation with experimental work.

scholarly journals Device Optimization of a Lead-Free Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cell with 24.4% Power Conversion Efficiency

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3383
Author(s):  
Khaoula Amri ◽  
Rabeb Belghouthi ◽  
Michel Aillerie ◽  
Rached Gharbi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Power Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Tandem Solar Cell ◽  
Whole Cell

In this work, simulations were performed to optimize the parameters of a lead-free perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell for the improved efficiency and stability of commercial devices. The top sub-cell is based on a lead-free perovskite with a large bandgap of 1.8 eV, an electron transport layer of SnO2/PCBM, which is known for its anti-hysteresis effect, and a hole transport layer of NiO to improve stability, whereas the bottom sub-cell is based on n-type silicon to increase the efficiency of the whole cell. First, the two sub-cells were simulated under standalone conditions for calibration purposes. Then, the current matching condition was obtained by optimizing the thicknesses of the absorber layers of both sub-cells and the doping concentration of the back surface field (BSF) layer of the silicon sub-cell. As a result of this optimization phase, thicknesses of 380 nm and 20 µm for the top and bottom sub-cells, respectively, and a doping concentration of 1022 cm–3 were used in the configuration of the tandem cell, yielding a large open-circuit voltage of 1.76 V and a power conversion efficiency of 24.4% for the whole cell. Finally, the effect of the working temperature was evaluated, and the results reveal that the high performance of lead-free perovskite sub-cells is less affected by an increase in temperature compared to lead-based solar cells, such as those based on CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite.

scholarly journals Thickness Variation Effects on the Efficiency of Simulated Hybrid Cu2ZnSnS4-Based Solar Cells Using SCAPS-1D

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 7478-7487
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Percentage Conversion

This study presents the simulations of a hybrid Cu2ZnSnS4-based solar cell with a planar heterojunction structure in a hybrid model (n-FTO/n-ZnO/p-PSCS/p-CZTS/p-PSCS/p-HTM) using a One-Dimensional Solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). . The configuration "121" of the hybridizing absorber layers of the device was simulated and related with as-Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS). The simulation used an absorber layer with a step-length thickness of 25 nm and thicknesses ranging from 100 nm to 500 nm. The bandgap diagram, I-V characteristics curve, percentage conversion efficiencies, and the quantum efficiencies of the simulated solar cells were calculated and constructed from simulated results. The percentage conversion efficiency of 22.57%, fill factor of 49.99%, open-circuit voltage of 0.80V, and short circuit current of 25.12 mAcm-2 were obtained. The obtained photon conversion efficiency shows that the hybridization of different absorber layers was achievable. It was also established that the performance efficiencies of hybrid CZTS structure in terms of optimum thickness and sandwiched Perovskite Solar cells model (FTO/ZnO/CZTS/PSCS/CZTS/HTM) has the same efficiencies for "121 configurations". On the other hand, the efficiencies of as- CZTS structures were higher than the PSCS configuration, which might be due to SCAPS-1D as it was originally designed for Thin Films Solar cells.

scholarly journals Simulation of a perovskite sandwich solar cell with the p-CZTS / p-CH3NH3PbCI3 / p-CZTS absorber layers

2021 ◽  
Vol 877 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
Marwah S Mahmood ◽  
N K Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Short Circuit Current Density ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Cell Capacitance

Abstract Perovskite solar cells attract the attention because of their unique properties in photovoltaic cells. Numerical simulation to the structure of Perovskite on p-CZTS/p-CH3NH3PbCI3/p-CZTS absorber layers is performed by using a program solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D), with changing absorber layer thickness. The effect of thickness p-CZTS/p-CH3NH3PbCI3/p-CZTS, layers at (3.2μm, 1.8 μm, 1.1 μm) respectively are studied. The obtained results are short circuit current density (Jsc ), open circuit voltage (V oc), fill factor (F. F) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) equal to (28 mA/cm2, 0.83 v, 60.58 % and 14.25 %) respectively at 1.1 μm thickness. Our findings revealed that the dependence of current - voltage characteristics on the thickness of the absorbing layers, an increase in the amount of short circuit current density with an increase in the thickness of the absorption layers and thus led to an increase in the conversion efficiency and improvement of the cell by increasing the thickness of the absorption layers.

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling and Optimization of Lead-Free Hybrid Double Perovskite Solar Cell by Using SCAPS-1D

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Syed Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Saira Riaz ◽  
Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan ◽  
Khizer Jahangir ◽  
Akram Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Power Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Double Perovskite ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cell ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Inorganic Perovskite ◽  
Hybrid Perovskite

The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) for organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells based on lead is reported as 25.2% in 2019. Lead-based hybrid perovskite materials are used in several photovoltaics applications, but these are not highly favored due to the toxicity of lead and volatility of organic cations. On the other hand, hybrid lead-free double perovskite has no such harm. In this research study, SCAPS numerical simulation is utilized to evaluate and compare the results of perovskite solar cell based on double perovskite FA 2 BiCuI 6 and standard perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 as an active layer. The results show that the power conversion efficiency obtained in the case of FA 2 BiCuI 6 is 24.98%, while in the case of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , it is reported as 26.42%. This indicates that the hybrid organic-inorganic double perovskite FA 2 BiCuI 6 has the ability to replace hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 to expand next-generation lead-free harmless materials for solar cell applications.

scholarly journals Analysis of the role of hole transport layer materials to the performance of perovskite solar cell

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 01021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istighfari Dzikri ◽  
Michael Hariadi ◽  
Retno Wigajatri Purnamaningsih ◽  
Nji Raden Poespawati
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cell ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Transport Layer

Research in solar cells is needed to maximize Indonesia’s vast solar potential that can reach up to 207.898 MW with an average radiation of 4.8 kWh/m2/day. Organometallic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained immense attention due to their rapid increase in efficiency and compatibility with low-cost fabrication methods. Understanding the role of hole transport layer is very important to obtain highly efficient PSCs. In this work, we studied the effect of Hole Transport Layer (HTL) to the performance of perovskite solar cell. The devices with HTL exhibit substantial increase in power conversion efficiency, open circuit voltage and short circuit current compared to the device without HTL. The best performing device is PSC with CuSCN as HTL layer, namely Voc of 0.24, Isc of 1.79 mA, 0.27 FF and efficiency of 0.09%.

Carbon-Quantum-Dot-Hybridized NiOx Hole-Transport Layer Enables Efficient and Stable Planar p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Xia ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Zonghu Xiao ◽  
Fan Li
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cell ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Band Alignment ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dot

In recent years, the nickel oxide (NiOx)-based planar p-i-n perovskite solar cell (PSC) has progressed rapidly. Nevertheless, poor electrical properties of NiOx, unoptimized band alignment between NiOx and perovskites, as...

scholarly journals Design of Dopant and Lead-Free Novel Perovskite Solar Cell for 16.85% Efficiency

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2110
Author(s):  
Syed Abdul Moiz ◽  
Ahmed N. M. Alahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Power Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cell ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Hole Transport Layer

Halide based perovskite offers numerous advantages such as high-efficiency, low-cost, and simple fabrication for flexible solar cells. However, long-term stability as well as environmentally green lead-free applications are the real challenges for their commercialization. Generally, the best reported perovskite solar cells are composed of toxic lead (Pb) and unstable polymer as the absorber and electron/hole-transport layer, respectively. Therefore, in this study, we proposed and simulated the photovoltaic responses of lead-free absorber such as cesium titanium (IV) bromide, Cs2TiBr6 with dopant free electron phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and dopant free hole transport layer N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB) for the Ag/BCP/PCBM/Cs2TiBr6/NPB/ITO based perovskite solar cell. After comprehensive optimization of each layer through vigorous simulations with the help of software SCAPS 1D, it is observed that the proposed solar cell can yield maximum power-conversion efficiency up to 16.85%. This efficiency is slightly better than the previously reported power-conversion efficiency of a similar type of perovskite solar cell. We believe that the outcome of this study will not only improve our knowledge, but also triggers further investigation for the dopant and lead-free perovskite solar cell.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hybrid Hetero-Homo Junction Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells by SCAPS Simulator

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5741
Author(s):  
Marwa. S. Salem ◽  
Ahmed Shaker ◽  
Abdelhalim Zekry ◽  
Mohamed Abouelatta ◽  
Adwan Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
The Impact

In this work, we report on the effect of substituting the active intrinsic i-layer on a conventional pin structure of lead-free perovskite solar cell (PSC) by a homo p-n junction, keeping the thickness of the active layer constant. It is expected that when the active i-layer is substituted by a p-n homo junction, one can increase the collection efficiency of the photo-generated electrons and holes due to the built-in electric field of the homo junction. The impact of the technological and physical device parameters on the performance parameters of the solar cell have been worked out. It was found that p-side thickness must be wider than the n-side, while its acceptor concentration should be slightly lower than the donor concentration of the n-side to achieve maximum efficiency. In addition, different absorber types, namely, i-absorber, n-absorber and p-absorber, are compared to the proposed pn-absorber, showing a performance-boosting effect when using the latter. Moreover, the proposed structure is made without a hole transport layer (HTL) to avoid the organic issues of the HTL materials. The back metal work function, bulk trap density and ETL material are optimized for best performance of the HTL-free structure, giving Jsc = 26.48, Voc = 0.948 V, FF = 77.20 and PCE = 19.37% for AM1.5 solar spectra. Such results highlight the prospective of the proposed structure and emphasize the importance of using HTL-free solar cells without deteriorating the efficiency. The solar cell is investigated by using SCAPS simulator.

scholarly journals Comparative Performance Analysis of Lead-Free Perovskites Solar Cells by Numerical Simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shristy Srivast ◽  
Anand Kumar Singh ◽  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Basudev Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Perovskite Materials ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research of lead-free perovskite based solar cells has gained speedy and growing attention with urgent intent to eliminate toxic lead in perovskite materials. The main purpose of this work is to supplement the research progress with comparative­­ analysis of different lead-free perovskite based solar cells by numerical simulation method using solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. In this work, the device simulation is carried out in the n-i-p configuration of FTO/[6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acidmethyl ester (PCBM) /Perovskite layer/ Poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine(PTAA)/Au using six different lead-free perovskite materials. The impact of different perovskite materials layers including hole and electron transport layer thickness, doping concentration on solar cell performances has thoroughly been investigated and optimized. CsSnI3 based perovskite solar cell shows the highest power conversion efficiency of 28.97 % among all the lead-free perovskite based devices. This clearly indicates that it’s possible to achieve high-performance lead-free perovskite solar cells experimentally at par with lead based perovskite solar cells in future research.

scholarly journals Ultrathin and compact electron transport layer made from novel water-dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles to accomplish UV-stable perovskite solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Fang ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Bangkai Gu ◽  
Linxing Meng ◽  
Hao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cell ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Perovskite Material ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Induced Decomposition

UV induced decomposition of perovskite material is one of main factors to severely destroy perovskite solar cells for instability. Here we report a UV stable perovskite solar cell with a...

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