scholarly journals Free Fatty Acid Reduction in a Waste Cooking Oil as a Raw Material for Biodiesel with Activated Coal Ash Adsorbent

2019 ◽  
Vol 1167 ◽  
pp. 012035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Susilowati ◽  
Abu Hasan ◽  
Aida Syarif
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Activated Coal ◽  
Acid Reduction

scholarly journals Modelling and optimization of free fatty acid reduction in bulk palm cooking oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 924 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
W Kristianingsih ◽  
V Liana ◽  
B Rohmatulloh ◽  
I Prakoso ◽  
M R Fauzy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Zeolite Adsorbent ◽  
Acid Reduction

Abstract Bulk cooking oil from palm oil processing is one of the biodiesel materials which is available in large quantities. The pre-treatment process can be done by adding 100 mesh activated zeolite adsorbent as a substitute for the esterification process to reduce free fatty acid (FFA). The purpose of this research was to model and optimize the zeolite concentration and adsorption time to reduce free fatty acids in bulk palm cooking oil. This study used a response surface method with a central composite design (CCD), resulting in 13 experimental combinations of two factorial treatments, i.e. the concentration of zeolite adsorbent and adsorption time. The zeolite concentration and the adsorption time with an upper limit of 30% and 120 minutes and a lower limit of 10% and 60 minutes had a significant effect on the FFA reduction. The best model was a quadratic model. The testing of validation data used the recommended optimum combination, i.e. the zeolite concentration of 10.59% and the adsorption time of 101.57 minutes resulting in a deviation of 5.37% between the predicted data and the actual data.

One-pot transesterification and esterification of waste cooking oil via ethanolysis using Sr:Zr mixed oxide as solid catalyst

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (82) ◽  
pp. 43671-43681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjot Kaur ◽  
Amjad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Mixed Oxide ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Basic Sites ◽  
Cooking Oil

Prepared 2Sr:Zr-650 catalyst possesses both acidic and basic sites, hence it was able to catalyze the simultaneous esterification and transesterification of free fatty acid containing vegetable oils.

scholarly journals Penentuan Kadar Asam Lemak Bebas Dan Kadar Air Pada Minyak Goreng Yang Digunakan Oleh Pedagang Gorengan Di Jalan Manyar Sabrangan, Mulyorejo, Surabaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ika Fitri Ulfindrayani ◽  
Qurrota A’yuni
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Cooking Oil

ABSTRAK Kebutuhan minyak goreng sawit di Indonesia terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Kebutuhan terbesar didominasi oleh penggunaan minyak goreng sawit sebagai media untuk menggoreng makanan yang salah satunya yaitu jajanan goreng (gorengan). Mayoritas pedagang gorengan tidak memperhatikan kualitas dari minyak goreng yang digunakan. Banyak pedagang gorengan membeli minyak goreng bekas (jelantah) demi mendapatkan keuntungan yang besar. Pada minyak jelantah mengandung asam lemak bebas akibat pemanasan berkala yang berbahaya bagi tubuh. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian kualitas minyak goreng melalui dua parameter yaitu kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas minyak goreng yang digunakan oleh para pedagang gorengan. Sampel minyak goreng didapatkan dari pedagang gorengan di sepanjang Jalan Manyar Sabrangan, Mulyorejo, Surabaya. Terdapat 7 pedagang gorengan yang menjual gorengannya dengan harga sekitar Rp. 1.000 – Rp 2.000. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode titrasi alkalimetri dan metode gravimeteri. Hasil analisa kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air menunjukkan bahwa dari 7 sampel terdapat 4 sampel minyak goreng yang tidak layak dikonsumsi karena tidak sesuai dengan syarat mutu minyak goreng SNI 01-3741-2002. Kata kunci: Asam Lemak Bebas, Kadar Air, Minyak Goreng, Pedagang Gorengan. ABSTRACT The requirement of palm cooking oil in Indonesia increase from year to year. It was dominated by the use of palm cooking oil as a medium to fry. Fried food on street seller was one of foods that need oil in frying process. Many street fried food seller did not pay attention to the quality of cooking oil that used to fry. Waste cooking oil was the good choice for street fried food seller in order to get big profits. Waste cooking oil contains of free fatty acids due to periodic warming that is harmful to the body. It was important for us to know the quality of cooking oil which we used. Therefore, in this research, we did test the quality of cooking oil which used street fried food seller. Free fatty acid and water content were two parameters that can describe the quality of cooking oil. The samples of cooking oil were obtained from street fried food seller along Jalan Manyar Sabrangan, Mulyorejo, Surabaya. There are 7 street seller that selling fried food with price of about Rp. 1.000 - Rp 2.000. Alkalimetry titration and gravimetery method were used to determine free fatty acid and water content of samples. The result showed there are 4 samples of cooking oil that was not worthy to be consumed because not in accordance with requirement of cooking oil quality of SNI 01-3741-2002. Key Words: Free Fatty Acid, Water Content, Cooking Oil, Street Fried Food Seller.  

scholarly journals Biodiesel Fuel from Waste Cooking Oil: A Cheaper and Cleaner Renewable Energy Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-199
Author(s):  
Riham Kanaan ◽  
Elissar Al-Aawar ◽  
Bassam Riachi ◽  
Salim Nassreddine ◽  
Diana-Luciana Cursaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
High Fatty Acid ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Cooking Oil

Low cost, high fatty acid content waste cooking oil was transformed into biodiesel using an acid catalyzed chemical esterification reaction with 0.5 vol.% of H2SO4 at 60�C for 1 hour followed by the main transesterification reaction. For the purpose of comparison, biodiesel fuel was also prepared using straight vegetable oils (SVO�s). The gas chromatography test showed higher than 95% FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) content for different types of utilized feedstocks. Biodiesel fuel and its blends were characterized based on ASTM test methods to investigate its density, viscosity, flash point, pour point, heating value, and its cetane index and similar physical properties were obtained for all the prepared biodiesel fuels. B20 blend, which contains 20 vol.% of biodiesel and 80 vol.% of diesel, showed a better performance than B0 (100 vol.% of diesel) when tested in a laboratory compression ignition diesel engine. After simulation of the production process via Aspen Hysys, a feasibility study was conducted and the results revealed that utilizing waste cooking oils (WCO�s) as feedstock is more economical than starting with SVO�s as raw material.

scholarly journals Analisis Minyak Jelantah Sebagai Bahan Bakar Biodiesel dengan Proses Transesterifikasi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadrah Hadrah ◽  
Monik Kasman ◽  
Fitria Mayang Sari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Quality

Waste cooking oil is used oil that has been used for domestic purposes and has undergone changes, both physically and chemically. One effort that can be done to reduce the adverse effects of used cooking oil is changed the material used cooking oil into biodiesel. In this study of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil is done by using biodiesel transesterification reaction as generally through a pretreatment in order to reduce the number of Free Fatty Acid in cooking oil. The high number of Free Fatty Acid will complicate the separation of glycerol from biodiesel so that production of biodiesel will be slight. Test parameters of biodiesel quality produced by  transesterification process refers to the Indonesian biodiesel quality standard ISO 7182: 2015. The production of biodiesel from used cooking oil in this experiment using variations methanol and sodium hydroxide solution ratio to the used cooking oil is 1: 2; 1: 4 and 1: 8. Test results showed that the quality of biodiesel is in compliance with ISO 7182: 2015 on the parameters of viscosity, density and flame test. While the Free Fatty Acids remained above the quality standard ISO 7182: 2015.Keywords :    Waste cooking oil, Transesterification, Biodiesel

scholarly journals ESTERIFIKASI DAN DEASIDIFIKASI MINYAK JELANTAH PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ABU TONGKOL JAGUNG

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
R. E. Y. Adu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Alkali Neutralization

Esterification and deacidification of waste cooking oil using alkali neutralization for biodiesel production using corncob ash as an alternative base catalyst was carried out. This study aimed to attainone of the desired transesterification conditionsby reducing free fatty acids content of waste cooking oil. Esterification was carried out by reacting waste cooking oil and methanol with certain volume ratio and acid catalyst (H2SO4) at 50oC for 4 hours. Deacidification was carried out by adding 0.5 N NaOH solution (15% excess alkali) at 60oC for 30 minutes. Esterification of waste cooking oil using acid catalyst before transesterification with corn cobs ash catalyst significantly increased the efficiency of free fatty acid conversion (92.69%) under volume ratio of 25% methanol /oil and 0.5% acid catalyst for 4 hours reaction. Deacidification of esterified oil with FFA content of 2.29 mg KOH /g oil through alkali neutralization at 55oC using alkaline content of 0.8 N reduces free fatty acid content to 0.47 mg KOH /g oil. Transesterification results showed that biodiesel component of waste cooking oil was dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid / C18-2), monounsaturated fatty acids (palmitic acid / C16-1 and oleic acid / C18-1) and saturated acids (palmitic / C16-0 and stearic acid / C18-0). Most of the biodiesel products were similar to those of the diesel physical characters. Biodiesel made of waste cooking oil meets the biodiesel quality standard (SNI 7182: 2015) for such parameters of density, viscosity, acid number, saponification value, iodine number and cetane. Esterification and neutralization process are effective in reducing free fatty acids content of waste cooking oil before being used in transesterification with corn cobs ash catalyst. Keywords: esterification, neutralization, alkali, waste cooking oil, biodiesel, corn cobs ash

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