scholarly journals Active Environmental Control Strategies for Brick Historical Buildings, Combining Heritage Conservation and Thermal Comfort

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012080
Author(s):  
YK Cai ◽  
H R Xie ◽  
Y Ma ◽  
S Hokoi ◽  
Y H Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Worship Space ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Temple

Abstract For historical buildings, it is a challenge to utilize HVAC system to improve the thermal comfort within a reasonable range without increasing the risk of deterioration. This research selected a traditional temple building located in Hubei Province, China, aiming to clarify the impact of different operation modes of heating systems on the preservation status of the building, and to further propose reasonable active environmental control strategies. A two-dimensional hygrothermal model of the temple building was established and used to evaluate the influence of different heating parameters, operation schedules, and ventilation strategies on heritage conservation and thermal comfort with the application of floor heating. The main conclusions are as follows: for Honghua Temple, low-level heating at 16 °C with conventional ventilation or heating at 18°C with enhanced ventilation is the preferred solution; enhanced ventilation mode can reduce the risk of mold growth while satisfying the convenience of using the Buddha worship space; for intermittent heating in winter, preheating the system is necessary, and maintaining a low heating level at night is more conducive compared with shutting down the system directly; the impact of evaporation increasing caused by heating should be weighed in active environmental control.

scholarly journals Effect of Different HVAC Control Strategies on Thermal Comfort and Adaptive Behavior in High-Rise Apartments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11767
Author(s):  
Jihye Ryu ◽  
Jungsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Hvac Control ◽  
The Impact

In the residential sector, householders play an active role in regulating the indoor climate via diverse control measures such as the operation of air-conditioners or windows. The main research question asked in this paper is whether control decisions made by householders are rational and effective in terms of achieving comfort and energy efficiency. Based on a field study in South Korea, this paper explores how a HVAC control strategy for high-rise apartment buildings can affect occupant comfort and adaptive behavior. Two different control strategies: (1) occupant control (OC), where occupants were allowed to freely operate the HVAC system and (2) comfort-zone control (CC), where the operation of the HVAC system was determined by the researcher, based on a pre-defined comfort zone, were applied to, and tested within the participating households in summer. The impact of the two control strategies on indoor thermal environments, thermal comfort, and occupant adaptive behavior were analyzed. We find that the CC strategy is more energy/comfort efficient than OC because: (1) comfort was be achieved at a higher indoor temperature, and (2) unnecessary control behaviors leading to cooling load increase can be minimized, which have major implications for energy consumption reduction in the residential sector.

The Impact of Gymnasium Form’s Tilting Side Interfaces on Natural Ventilation and Thermal Comfort of Exercise Site

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 490-497
Author(s):  
Jin Li ◽  
Yuan You
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Symmetrical Mode ◽  
Air Change Rate ◽  
Window Opening ◽  
Symmetrical Model ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
The Impact

To improve air change rate and exercise site’s thermal comfort of gymnasium under natural ventilation in hot and humid areas, taking Guangzhou as an example, symmetrical model, unsymmetrical model, and unsymmetrical model with corbel table were simulated and calculated with Fluent and other software. The result indicates that, compared with symmetrical mode, unsymmetrical model and unsymmetrical model with corbel table can improve exercise site’s wind velocity and integral air change rate, and the latter model improves more. Based on unsymmetrical model with corbel table, window-opening ventilation strategies for competition are further put forward. In the end, it discusses about the influence towards thermal comfort of exercise site by natural ventilation in different form models and different use modes.

scholarly journals The restoration of severely damaged churches – Implications and opportunities on cultural heritage conservation, thermal comfort and energy efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tullio de Rubeis ◽  
Iole Nardi ◽  
Mirco Muttillo ◽  
Domenica Paoletti
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Cultural Heritage Conservation ◽  
The Church

Indoor microclimate and energy performance analyses of historic buildings require tailored methodologies, because of their complexities, e.g. presence of artworks, lack of documents or project data and employed structure and materials. Given such difficulties, there are a few interdisciplinary methodologies, capable of carrying out multi-objective analyses for this kind of buildings, and they are often based on in-situ monitoring that, however, may not be able to predict the effects deriving from different conceivable technologies and control strategies. In this work, an interdisciplinary methodology is employed for evaluating cultural heritage conservation conditions, occupants ‘thermal comfort and energy performance of a specific historic building category, such as churches, on the basis of experimental and numerical approach. The methodology was applied to the case study of an ancient Italian church, recently restored following the earthquake that hit L’Aquila in 2009. After the refurbishment of the church, the statistical analysis of temperature and relative humidity experimental data allowed to observe that the conservation conditions of artistic heritage just restored may be non-correct, due to remarkable thermo-hygrometric fluctuations of the indoor microclimate. Therefore, starting from the current condition of absence of HVAC system, calibrated dynamic simulation models of the church allowed to hypothesize different technological solutions able to control the indoor microclimate and to evaluate the effects on artworks preservation, thermal comfort, and energy performance. The results of the multi-scenario analysis showed that suitable conservation conditions (PIs > 90%) and thermal comfort can be obtained by employing a complex heating/cooling and humidification/dehumidification system which determines a significant increase in energy consumption.

scholarly journals Controlling Switchable Electrochromic Glazing for Energy Savings, Visual Comfort and Thermal Comfort: A Model Predictive Control

CivilEng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019-1053
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Ganji Kheybari ◽  
Tim Steiner ◽  
Steven Liu ◽  
Sabine Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Base Case ◽  
North East ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Impact

Dynamic façades play an important role in enhancing the overall performance of buildings: they respond to the environmental conditions and adjust the amount of transmitted solar radiation. This paper proposes a simulation-based framework to evaluate the energy and comfort performance of different control strategies for switchable electrochromic glazing (EC). The presented method shows the impact of a model predictive control (MPC) on energy savings and on visual and thermal comfort for different orientations compared to other strategies. Besides manual operation and conventional rule-based controls, the benchmark in this study was a simulation-based control (multi-objective penalty-based control) with optimal performance. The hourly results of various control cases were analyzed based on the established performance indicators and criteria. The cumulative annual results show the capabilities and limitations of each control strategy for an EC glazing. For a temperate climate (Mannheim, Germany), results showed that an MPC for EC glazing provides visual and thermal comfort while saving energy of up to 14%, 37%, 37%, and 34% respectively for facing north, east, south, and west relative to the base-case.

Investigating the Impact of Ornamental Plants Correlated with Indoor Thermal Comfort and Eco-Energy

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Sugiono Sugiono ◽  
Suluh E. Swara ◽  
Wisnu Wijanarko ◽  
Dwi H. Sulistyarini
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
The Impact

Assessing the effect of night ventilation on PCM performance in high-rise residential buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Soudian ◽  
Umberto Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Solidification Rate ◽  
Operative Temperature ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
Night Ventilation ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the possibility to enhance the use of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) as an energy retrofit measure by night ventilation strategies. For this scope, phase change materials (PCMs) are integrated into wall and ceiling surfaces of high-rise residential buildings with highly glazed facades that experience high indoor diurnal temperatures. In particular, this article investigates the effect of night ventilation on the performance of the PCMs, namely, the daily discharge of the thermal energy stored by PCMs. Following previous experimental tests that have shown the efficacy of LHTES in temperate climates, a system comprising two PCM layers with melting temperatures selected for a year-around LHTES was considered. To quantify the effectiveness of different night ventilation strategies to enhance the potential of this composite PCM system, simulations in EnergyPlusTM were performed. The ventilation flow rate, set point temperature, and operation period were the main tested parameters. The performance of the PCMs in relation to the variables was evaluated based on indoor operative temperature and cooling energy use variations in Toronto and New York in the summer. The solidification of the PCMs was analyzed based on the amount of night ventilation needed in each climate condition. The results quantify the positive impact of combining PCMs with night ventilation on cooling energy reductions and operative temperature regulation of the following days. In particular, the results indicate higher benefits obtainable with PCMs coupled with night ventilation in the context of Toronto, since this city experiences higher daily temperature fluctuations. The impact of night ventilation design variables on the solidification rate of the PCMs varied based on each parameter leading to different compromises based on the PCM and climate characteristics.

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