Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) Electrode Size Simulation Study for Cultured Cell

Abstract Cell sensing and monitoring using capacitive sensors are widely used in cell monitoring because of the flexible and uncomplicated design and fabrication. Previous work from many different fields of applications has integrated capacitive sensing technique with tomography to produce cross-sectional images of the internal dielectric distribution. This paper carried an investigation on the capabilities of four 16-channel sensor electrodes with different electrode sizes to detect the change in the dielectric distribution of the cultured cells. All three 16-channel sensor electrodes are designed and simulate on COMSOL 6.3a Multiphysics. The pre-processing results obtained from three finite element models (FEM) of ECT sensor configurations in detecting the cell phantom shows that bigger electrodes size are more sensitive to permittivity distribution.

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Image Fusion of ECT/ERT for Oil-Gas-Water Three-Phase Flow

International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing ◽

10.4018/japuc.2011040104 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lifeng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Image Fusion ◽

Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽

Phase Flow ◽

Electrical Capacitance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Three Phase ◽

Three Phase Flow ◽

Capacitance Tomography ◽

Oil Gas ◽

Image Fusion Method

The tomographic imaging of process parameters for oil-gas-water three-phase flow can be obtained through different sensing modalities, such as electrical resistance tomography (ERT) and electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), both of which are sensitive to specific properties of the objects to be imaged. However, it is hard to discriminate oil, gas and water phases merely from reconstructed images of ERT or ECT. In this paper, the feasibility of image fusion based on ERT and ECT reconstructed images was investigated for oil-gas-water three-phase flow. Two cases were discussed and pixel-based image fusion method was presented. Simulation results showed that the cross-sectional reconstruction images of oil-gas-water three-phase flow can be obtained using the presented methods.

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Electrical Capacitance Tomography Based Sorting Technique for Wasted Plastics

Volume 1A: Symposia, Part 2 ◽

10.1115/ajkfluids2015-16728 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Yusuke Hirose ◽

Kazuaki Hata ◽

Sapkota Achyut ◽

Masahiro Takei

Keyword(s):

Temperature Distribution ◽

Relative Permittivity ◽

Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽

Electrical Capacitance ◽

Time Step ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sorting Technique ◽

The Many ◽

Capacitance Tomography ◽

Temperature Equation

This study has launched a concept to measure real time two-dimensional temperature distribution non-invasively by a combination of electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) technique and a permittivity-temperature equation for plastic pellets. The concept has two steps which are the relative permittivity calculation from the measured capacitance among the many electrodes by ECT technique, and the temperature distribution calculation from the relative permittivity distribution by permittivity-temperature equation. ECT sensor with 12-electrode is designed to measure and visualize the cross sectional temperature distribution during polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) pellets cooling process. The images of the normalized relative permittivity distribution are successfully reconstructed at every time step during the process. The images indicate that the normalized relative permittivity of PMMA pellets is decreased as the temperature is decreased.

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Visualisation of Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Pipe Flows Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/esda2004-58396 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Andy Hunt ◽

John Pendleton ◽

Yves Ladam

Keyword(s):

Velocity Distribution ◽

Virtual Instrument ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽

Electrical Capacitance ◽

Flow Loop ◽

Two Phase ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Measure Concentration ◽

Capacitance Tomography

Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) has been used over a number of years to measure concentration distribution, and more recently velocity distribution, in two-phase flows. ECT is non-intrusive, and the reconstruction of the concentration and velocity distribution can be undertaken in real time and over an arbitrary number of zones in the flow cross-section. In this paper the concept of a ‘virtual instrument’ is introduced where zones of the image can be structured for comparison with other measurements. Numerical agreement with gamma-ray density measurements is shown to be excellent in slug and stratified flows. We present a series of measurements undertaken in complex oil/gas slug flows in a large flow loop. We present a variety of 2-D cross-sectional images, time series velocity and concentration graphs and 3-D contour plots. The good temporal and spatial resolution of ECT throws an extensive new light on these otherwise difficult to measure dynamic flow structures. In particular with bubbly-slug structures known as ‘ghosts’ ECT shows clearly that they are in fact bubbly waves which have extended ‘wings’ up and around the pipe.

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Modeling and Calibration of Electrical Capacitance Tomography Sensor for Medical Imaging

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/1513 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1471-1477 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Ambika ◽

S. Selva Kumar

Keyword(s):

Imaging Techniques ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dielectric Medium ◽

Capacitance Measurement ◽

Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽

Electrical Capacitance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Capacitance Measurements ◽

Electrode Capacitance ◽

Capacitance Tomography

Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is an imaging technique which generates a cross-sectional image representing the internal permittivity distribution based on external capacitance measurements. It possesses the advantages of being non-radioactive, non-intrusive, non-invasive, high imaging speed and low cost over the conventional imaging techniques. Inter-electrode capacitance measurements are done by exciting electrodes placed around the non-conductive dielectric medium cylinder inside which, the material to be imaged is placed. This paper emphasizes on modelling and calibrating an electrical capacitance tomography sensor using ANSYS APDL with medium as air, water and extending the procedure for normal bone and cracked bone. ECT sensor is modelled by mounting 12 electrodes symmetrically outside the cylinder. The cylinder is made up of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) which is non-conductive dielectric medium while the electrodes are made up of Copper (Cu) which is conductive. The electrodes are excited in pairs and the potential distribution which is based on permittivity of the medium is analysed using ANSYS and the capacitance between the electrodes were calculated. The entire electrode modelling, calibration and capacitance measurement for the simulated bone model with and without crack is presented in this paper.

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Investigation of the riser cross-sectional aspect ratio effect on the flow dynamics in circulating fluidized beds by electrical capacitance tomography

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control ◽

10.1177/0142331219851913 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 655-665

Author(s):

Qiuya Y Tu ◽

Haigang G Wang

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

Excitation Frequency ◽

Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽

Circulating Fluidized Beds ◽

Electrical Capacitance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bed Height ◽

Bottom Region ◽

Sensitivity Map ◽

Capacitance Tomography

With the increase of capacity, most of the circulating fluidized beds (CFB) risers are constricted to have rectangular cross section. Therefore, it is important to find out the cross-sectional aspect ratio effect on the gas-solids flow characteristics. In this study, a lab-scale CFB with two rectangular risers, which have the aspect ratio of 1:1 and 3:1, respectively, were studied by the electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), with the aided of pressure measurements and computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) simulation. Key issues related with ECT sensor design and image reconstruction, such as sensitivity map and excitation frequency, are also discussed. The results show that ECT image quality is affected by the sensitivity map and excitation frequency, and high excitation frequency and voltage are not equivalent of high image quality. In the riser bottom region, cross-sectional aspect ratio has big effect on ECT measured particle distribution and pressure drop, fewer particles are brought away from the bottom when the aspect ratio is larger. Multiple bubbles exist in the bottom region at Ve= 2.7 m/s, and bubble size decreases in the rectangular riser with larger cross-sectional aspect ratio. Static bed height influences the bubble behaviour that bubbles with smaller size scattered around and behave collapse or coalescence in the moving process when the static bed height is high.

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Electromagnetic Characteristic of Sensitive Field on Compare Electrical Capacitance Tomography with Electrical Resistance Tomography

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.697 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 543-547 ◽

pp. 697-700

Author(s):

Qing Yu Gan ◽

Li Ping Su

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Electrical Resistance ◽

Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽

Compound System ◽

Electrical Capacitance ◽

Electrical Resistance Tomography ◽

Math Model ◽

Electromagnetic Characteristic ◽

Electromagnetic Characteristics ◽

Capacitance Tomography

The electromagnetic characteristic of sensitive field of Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) was compared with that of Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) applying Finite Element Method.The math model of ECT and ERT were deduced respectively, then their electromagnetic characteristics of sensitive field and their relationship were evaluated using finite element method, which laid the foundation of theory for information fusion in ECT&ERT-compound system.

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Sensor Modeling For An Electrical Capacitance Tomography System Using Comsol Multiphysics

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v55.889 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Afiq Zimam ◽

Elmy Johana Mohamad ◽

Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽

Leow Pei Ling

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Method ◽

Finite Element ◽

Comsol Multiphysics ◽

Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽

Electrical Capacitance ◽

Tomography System ◽

Physical Sensors ◽

Capacitance Tomography ◽

Sensor Modeling ◽

Element Method

Kerja penyelidikan ini membentangkan proses pembinaan model bagi Pengesan Kapasitan Elektrik Tomografi (ECT) menggunakan Perisian Kaedah Elemen Terhingga (Finite Element method–FEM) COMSOL Multiphysics. Meskipun pengesan fizikal adalah dalam bentuk tiga dimensi (3D) tetapi secara amnya sering dimodelkan secara kepingan/ keratan rentas dalam bentuk dua dimensi (2D). Projek ini menunjukkan pendekatan model dalam bentuk geometri 3D dan 2D, linear FEM menggunakan perisian COMSOL Multiphysics dibina adalah untuk mendapatkan nilai kapasitor di antara elektrod apabila medan elektrik dikenakan dan untuk melihat bagaimana pengagihan permittivity di dalam paip yang bertutup menerusi pengesan. Bayang–bayang yang direkacipta dan nilai–nilai diukur dikemukakan dalam bentuk paip yg kosong dan aliran anulus. Model ECT adalah mewakili perkakasan yang sedia ada, ECT mudah alih yang telah dibina oleh Kumpulan Penyelidikan PROTOM UTM. Kata kunci: Pengesan; model; ECT; COMSOL multiphysics This work presents the development process for modeling an ECT (Electrical Capacitance Tomography) sensor using FEM software package COMSOL Multiphysics. The physical sensors are 3D dimensional but it has been common to model the slice or the cross–section in 2D. This project shows the modeling approach for 2D and 3D geometries, the linear Finite Element method (FEM) using COMSOL Multiphysics is developed in order to obtain the capacitance between electrodes when an electric field is applied and to obtain the permittivity distribution inside the closed pipe from the sensor. Generated phantoms and measured values are presented for empty and annular pattern. Simulation is verified using phantoms inside the 16 electrode sensor. The ECT model is representative by existing hardware, Portable ECT, PROTOM Research Group UTM. Key words: Sensor; modeling; ECT; COMSOL multiphysics

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Fire–Flame Imaging Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v45.335 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽

Kok Seong Chan ◽

Sallehudin Ibrahim ◽

Shaharum Sulaiman ◽

Mohamad Shukri Abdul Manaf

Keyword(s):

Reconstruction Algorithm ◽

Visual Basic ◽

Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽

Back Projection ◽

Electrical Capacitance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fire Flame ◽

Linear Back Projection ◽

Capacitance Tomography ◽

Visual Basic 6.0

Ciri–ciri sifat pengukuran tomografik yang khusus telah terbukti dengan keupayaannya untuk memisit keadaan dinamik suatu proses dalam satu unit pengoperasian seperti dalam kebuk atau alat pengangkut tanpa memberi sebarang gangguan kepada proses tersebut. Proses Tomografi Kapasitan (Electrical Capacitance Tomography–ECT) merupakan teknik tidak intrusif untuk mengetahui taburan kandungan dalam paip dengan mengkaji perubahan ketelusan dielektrik bagi bahan yang terkandung dalam paip. Satu pengesan ECT 8 elektrod dengan pengaturcaraannya dalam Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 telah dibinakan untuk menunjukkan paparan pengguna. Sistem ini berupaya mengetahui pembahagian api yang terbakar dalam sesuatu perkakas. Data daripada sistem perkakas akan diperolehi melalui satu unit pengawal dan dimasukkan dalam komputer untuk mendapatkan gambaran keratan rentas pembakaran api. Algoritma pembinaan semula imej (Image Reconstruction Algorithm) yang digunakan dalam projek ini adalah Unjuran Belakang Linear (Linear Back Projection LBP) yang konvensional tetapi efektif. Kata kunci: Proses Tomografi Kapasitan, pembahagian api yang terbakar, Unjuran Belakang Linear, tidak intrusif, Visual Basic The specific characteristic of tomographic measurement is its proven ability to interrogate the dynamic state of a process condition within a unit operation such as a mixing vessel or conveyor without interfering with the process itself. This is achieved using noninvasive sensors along a cross–sectional boundary of the process equipment. Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is a non–intrusive technique for obtaining information about the distribution of the contents of closed pipes by measuring variations in the dielectric permittivity of the material within the electrodes sensing region. An 8 electrode ECT sensor system with a graphical user interfacing (GUI) software programming has been developed by using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. This system can be used to investigate the distribution of fire flame inside the vessel. Data from the hardware system can be acquired directly to computer through a microcontroller control unit to provide the cross sectional image of the fire flame. Image reconstruction algorithm used in this project is the conventional, but effective Linear Back Projection (LBP). Key words: Electrical Capacitance Tomography, fire flame, Linear Back Projection, nonintrusive, Visual Basic

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