scholarly journals The analysis of the 2019 annular solar eclipse with simple instruments for developing student worksheet

2021 ◽  
Vol 2098 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
C P Asmoro ◽  
A R Achmad
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Angular Diameter ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Illumination Time ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Time Graph ◽  
Simple Instrument ◽  
Peak Event ◽  
Annular Solar Eclipse

Abstract The annular solar eclipse occurred when the Earth-Moon-Sun position aligned in the same line where the angular diameter of the moon is smaller than the angular diameter of the sun due to the moon is on the farthest distance with respect to the earth. The event was observed on 26 December 2019 at Siak Regency, Province of Riau, Indonesia. Based on that event observation, the sun is gradually covered by the moon until the peak event where the sun is completely covered and showing “ring of fire”. All stages of eclipse are captured as images from DSLR camera that been attached into telescope with specific filter as well as illumination determination from observation location using lux meter during the event. This study explained how to get the information from solar eclipse images available by using image-processing software namely ImageJ so it can be used as a student worksheet. The plotting of both pixel area-time graph and illumination-time graph of this study shows a similar trend. Therefore, the data acquired in this study is obtained well so it can be used as a student worksheet in the Astronomical Position lecture based on the actual phenomenon with a simple instrument for observation.

Decapitated Lunar Goddesses in Aztec Art, Myth, and Ritual

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Milbrath
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Full Moon ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Seasonal Transition ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Moon ◽  
The Demonic

AbstractAztec images of decapitated goddesses link the symbolism of astronomy with politics and the seasonal cycle. Rituals reenacting decapitation may refer to lunar events in the context of a solar calendar, providing evidence of a luni-solar calendar. Decapitation imagery also involves metaphors expressing the rivalry between the cults of the sun and the moon. Huitzilopochtli's decapitation of Coyolxauhqui can be interpreted as a symbol of political conquest linked to the triumph of the sun over the moon. Analysis of Coyolxauhqui's imagery and mythology indicates that she represents the full moon eclipsed by the sun. Details of the decapitation myth indicate specific links with seasonal transition and events taking place at dawn and at midnight. Other decapitated goddesses, often referred to as earth goddesses with “lunar connections,” belong to a complex of lunar deities representing the moon within the earth (the new moon). Cihuacoatl, a goddess of the new moon, takes on threatening quality when she assumes the form of a tzitzimime attacking the sun during a solar eclipse. The demonic new moon was greatly feared, for it could cause an eternal solar eclipse bringing the Aztec world to an end.

scholarly journals The solar eclipse and its relation with higree months

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman H. S.
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
New Model ◽  
Earth Radius ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Equatorial Radius ◽  
Short Time

The solar eclipse occurs at short time before the crescent birth moment when the moon near any one of moon orbit nodes It is important to determine the synchronic month which is used to find Higree date. The 'rules' of eclipses are:  Y= ± 0.997  of Earth radius , the solar eclipse is central and 0.997 < |Y| < 1.026 the umbra cone touch the surface of the Earth, where Y is the least distance from the axis of the moon's shadow to the center of the Earth in units of the equatorial radius of the Earth. A new model have been designed, depend on the horizontal coordinates of the sun, moon, the distances Earth-Moon (rm), Earth-sun (rs) and |Y| to determine the date and times of total solar eclipse and the geographical coordinates of spot shadow as well as the shadow diameter and the variations with time. The results are compared with Almanac and others programs are gets a good agreements and the results show the area of eclipse shadow inversely proportional with rm /rs .The Higree month which must be begin after  the solar eclipse and the relation were discussed hear.

scholarly journals A Fix by Total Solar Eclipse

1954 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-404
Author(s):  
D. H. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Circular Cone ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Total Eclipse ◽  
The Earth

A total eclipse of the Sun provides an opportunity, rare though it may be, of obtaining an instantaneous fix from the Sun alone. Eclipses vary greatly in character, in position on the Earth, in the width of the path of totality, in the duration, and also in the direction of the path. However, the shadow of the Moon cast by the Sun is always a right circular cone which, in the case of a total eclipse, intersects the Earth's surface at some point before its vertex. Owing to the motion of the Moon in its orbit round the Earth the shadow moves at a speed of about 2000 m.p.h. from west to east (it varies considerably according to the distance of the Moon from the Earth).

The Miracle of the Sun and Moon in Joshua 10 as a Solar Eclipse

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 722-751
Author(s):  
Daniel Vainstub ◽  
Hezi Yizhaq ◽  
Uzi Avner
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Annular Solar Eclipse ◽  
Poetic Style

Abstract This paper offers an interpretation of the astronomical phenomenon described in Josh 10:12-13 as an annular solar eclipse. According to NASA data, this type of eclipse was seen in the skies of central Israel, where the ancient city of Gibeon was located, on October 30, 1207 BCE. A philological analysis of both Joshua 10 and Habakkuk 3 shows that the phenomenon is described using polysemic verbs in poetic style, describing the darkening of the sun by the moon “standing” in front of it.

A Fix by Total Solar Eclipse

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-299
Author(s):  
D. H. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Total Eclipse ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Total Phase ◽  
February Issue

In anticipation of the TOTAL Solar Eclipse on 11 August 1999 (see the January/February issue of Navigation News), it seemed very appropriate to repeat this short article by one of the Institute's most respected Fellows. It was first published in Vol. VII, October 1954.A TOTAL eclipse of the Sun provides an opportunity, rare though it may be, of obtaining an instantaneous fix from the Sun alone. Eclipses vary greatly in character, in position on the Earth, in the width of the path of totality, in the duration, and also in the direction of the path. However, the shadow of the Moon cast by the Sun is always a right circular cone which, in the case of a total eclipse, intersects the Earth's surface at some point before its vertex. Owing to the motion of the Moon in its orbit round the Earth, the shadow moves at a speed of about 2000 m.p.h. from west to east (it varies considerably according to the distance of the Moon from the Earth). The intersection of this cone with the Earth's surface is an ellipse, which moves over the surface at speeds which are very high when the cone is nearly tangential (i.e. when the Sun's altitude is low) and at speeds as low as about 1000 m.p.h., when the eclipse is central over the equator at noon and the Earth's rotation has its maximum effect. The speed of the shadow is generally low enough to give a position line of considerable accuracy from the observed time of either second or third contacts, that is the beginning or ending of the total phase. An error of 1 second corresponds, in the most favourable case, to about one-third of a mile. The position line is, of course, the portion of the elliptic shadow corresponding to the observed phase and time; these can be precomputed.

scholarly journals Video Grazing Occultations

1988 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
David W. Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Close Binaries ◽  
Galactic Rotation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth

Grazing occultations are always visible at the projections onto the surface of the Earth of the lines tangent to the lunar limb that are created by the motion of the Moon relative to the star being occulted.Most information about the lunar profile continues to be provided by visual observers using simple equipment. Everyone is to be encouraged to join expeditions to observe grazes, because the accuracy of the observed profile is proportional to the number of stations. The use of grazes improves knowledge of the lunar profile (needed for the analysis of solar eclipse timings), data about close binaries, and galactic rotation from stellar reference-frame determination. Contact timings made near the edges of a solar eclipse track, for example, enable the diameter of the Sun to be derived relative to the lunar diameter, the latter being determined from occultations.

scholarly journals The Lunar orbit paradox

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Tomic
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Mass ◽  
Lunar Orbit ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Origin Of The Moon ◽  
Force Intensity ◽  
Critical Consideration

Newton's formula for gravity force gives greather force intensity for atraction of the Moon by the Sun than atraction by the Earth. However, central body in lunar (primary) orbit is the Earth. So appeared paradox which were ignored from competent specialist, because the most important problem, determination of lunar orbit, was inmediately solved sufficiently by mathematical ingeniosity - introducing the Sun as dominant body in the three body system by Delaunay, 1860. On this way the lunar orbit paradox were not canceled. Vujicic made a owerview of principles of mechanics in year 1998, in critical consideration. As an example for application of corrected procedure he was obtained gravity law in some different form, which gave possibility to cancel paradox of lunar orbit. The formula of Vujicic, with our small adaptation, content two type of acceleration - related to inertial mass and related to gravity mass. So appears carried information on the origin of the Moon, and paradox cancels.

scholarly journals High-resolution spectroscopy and spectropolarimetry of the total lunar eclipse January 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 635 ◽  
pp. A156
Author(s):  
K. G. Strassmeier ◽  
I. Ilyin ◽  
E. Keles ◽  
M. Mallonn ◽  
A. Järvinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Lunar Eclipse ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

Context. Observations of the Earthshine off the Moon allow for the unique opportunity to measure the large-scale Earth atmosphere. Another opportunity is realized during a total lunar eclipse which, if seen from the Moon, is like a transit of the Earth in front of the Sun. Aims. We thus aim at transmission spectroscopy of an Earth transit by tracing the solar spectrum during the total lunar eclipse of January 21, 2019. Methods. Time series spectra of the Tycho crater were taken with the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument (PEPSI) at the Large Binocular Telescope in its polarimetric mode in Stokes IQUV at a spectral resolution of 130 000 (0.06 Å). In particular, the spectra cover the red parts of the optical spectrum between 7419–9067 Å. The spectrograph’s exposure meter was used to obtain a light curve of the lunar eclipse. Results. The brightness of the Moon dimmed by 10.m75 during umbral eclipse. We found both branches of the O2 A-band almost completely saturated as well as a strong increase of H2O absorption during totality. A pseudo O2 emission feature remained at a wavelength of 7618 Å, but it is actually only a residual from different P-branch and R-branch absorptions. It nevertheless traces the eclipse. The deep penumbral spectra show significant excess absorption from the Na I 5890-Å doublet, the Ca II infrared triplet around 8600 Å, and the K I line at 7699 Å in addition to several hyper-fine-structure lines of Mn I and even from Ba II. The detections of the latter two elements are likely due to an untypical solar center-to-limb effect rather than Earth’s atmosphere. The absorption in Ca II and K I remained visible throughout umbral eclipse. Our radial velocities trace a wavelength dependent Rossiter-McLaughlin effect of the Earth eclipsing the Sun as seen from the Tycho crater and thereby confirm earlier observations. A small continuum polarization of the O2 A-band of 0.12% during umbral eclipse was detected at 6.3σ. No line polarization of the O2 A-band, or any other spectral-line feature, is detected outside nor inside eclipse. It places an upper limit of ≈0.2% on the degree of line polarization during transmission through Earth’s atmosphere and magnetosphere.

Solar Motion and Lunar Eclipses in Philolaus’ Cosmological System

Apeiron ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk L. Couprie
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Motion ◽  
Length Of The Day

Abstract In this paper, three problems that have hardly been noticed or even gone unnoticed in the available literature in the cosmology of Philolaus are addressed. They have to do with the interrelationships of the orbits of the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon around the Central Fire and all three of them constitute potentially insurmountable obstacles within the context of the Philolaic system. The first difficulty is Werner Ekschmitt’s claim that the Philolaic system cannot account for the length of the day (νυχϑήμερον). It is shown that this problem can be solved with the help of the distinction between the synodic day and the sidereal day. The other two problems discussed in this paper are concerned with two hitherto unnoticed deficiencies in the explanation of lunar eclipses in the Philolaic system. The Philolaic system cannot account for long-lasting lunar eclipses and according to the internal logic of the system, during lunar eclipses the Moon enters the shadow of the Earth from the wrong side. It is almost unbelievable that nobody, from the Pythagoreans themselves up to recent authors, has noticed these two serious deficiencies, and especially the latter, in the cosmology of Philolaus the Pythagorean.

Eclipse Facts and Fictions

Eclipses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Close
Keyword(s):  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Two Bodies

What is a solar eclipse? The Moon’s diameter is 400 times smaller than the Sun’s, but the Moon is also 400 times closer to us, so, remarkably, the two bodies appear exactly the same size when viewed from the Earth. For about 14 days a...

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