scholarly journals Fe-N/C Catalyst using Various Nitrogen and Carbon Ratio through Chemical Oxidative Polymerization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2117 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
VA Setyowati ◽  
W Widiyastuti ◽  
S Nurkhamidah ◽  
N Saidatin ◽  
O Lukdyantoro
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Iron Precursor

Abstract This study aims to explain the effect of variations in nitrogen and carbon composition of catalysts on electrochemical properties and physical characterization. The usage of non-precious metals supported by nitrogen-carbon is one alternative to reduce the amount of platinum as the innovation of energy materials. Iron is a transition metal that can increase catalytic activity with the addition of a nitrogen source. The polymerization process was carried out by chemical oxidative polymerization for 24 hours in an ice bath using aniline as N source. Optimization of nitrogen coating on the carbon surface is carried out by mixing carbon during polymerization. The mixing of iron precursor and N/C powder was carried out in an ultrasonic bath and continued with pyrolysis at a temperature of 700°C. Regarding Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) test, the Fe-N/C = 2/1 catalyst has the largest area and the highest current density. The presence of Fe2O3 is needed to improve the electrochemical properties compared to Fe3C compounds. The composition analysis showed that the Fe-N/C = 2/1 catalyst had the highest Fe content after pyrolysis. In addition, the Fe-N/C = 2/1 catalyst also had the highest nitrogen content which can form a nitrogen functional group from the pyrolysis process.

Synthesis of an MXene/polyaniline composite with excellent electrochemical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5853-5858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huizhong Xu ◽  
Dehua Zheng ◽  
Faqian Liu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Jianjian Lin
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Pani Composite

We synthesized a new MXene/PANI composite by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers with enhanced electrochemical performances.

Chemical Oxidative Polymerization of 4-Amino-3-Hydroxynaphthalene-1-Sulfonic Acid and Its Salts

2006 ◽  
Vol 518 ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ćirić-Marjanović ◽  
B. Marjanović ◽  
I. Juranić ◽  
P. Holler ◽  
J. Stejskal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Elemental Analysis Data ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Molecular Weights

New functional homopolymeric, semiconducting materials soluble in polar solvents, were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1- sulfonic acid (AHNSA) and its salts, using ammonium peroxydisulfate as an oxidant, in water at room temperature. Polymerization products obtained from AHNSA, AHNSA hydrochloride, AHNSA mono-sodium salt and AHNSA di-sodium salt were characterized by elemental analysis, gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and conductivity measurements. Polymers of AHNSA salts have increased weight-average molecular weights and polydispersity index values, compared to AHNSA polymer. Molecular weights approach a maximum value of ~25200 for polymers of AHNSA salts. Elemental analysis data of polymeric samples show a decrease of the S/C ratio for all polymeric materials in comparison with the monomer, indicating considerable elimination of sulfonic acid group from the macromolecular structure during the polymerization process. New substitution patterns shown by IR spectroscopic analysis combined with MNDO-PM3 semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculations revealed N─C coupling reactions as dominant, where C belongs to unsubstituted AHNSA ring. Coupling mode N─C1 is also important. Naphthoquinonoid and benzenoid structures were observed by IR spectroscopy. Influence of pH on the AHNSA oxidative chemical polymerization mechanism was examined.

Supramolecular chirality control via self-assembly of oligoaniline in the chemical oxidative polymerization process

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (20) ◽  
pp. 16766-16773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqi Li ◽  
Jijin Dai ◽  
Lijia Liu ◽  
Jingfeng Wang ◽  
Pengli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Supramolecular Chirality ◽  
Pani Nanofibers ◽  
Chirality Control

Chirality control of PANI nanofibers is achieved by selecting the oligomeric species and changing the concentration of CSA and solvents.

scholarly journals Obtaining conductive composites of PANI and thermoplastic polymers

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Diana Nelly Contreras-Zarazúa ◽  
David Contreras-Lopéz ◽  
Rosalba Fuentes-Ramirez ◽  
Rosario Galindo-González
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymers ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Polar Monomer

Currently, the polymers industry has gained increasing importance due to the versatility of its properties. In this work were synthesized copolymers of styrene with vinyl acetate at different concentrations through a process polymerization of suspension, which are the starting points for obtaining of composites with polyaniline synthesized PANI chemical oxidative polymerization process, used for doping HCl at a concentration of 1.5 M and ammonium persulfate 0.5 M in a mass radio of 1:1. The conductivity was evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy, in order to determine the effect of the concentration of the polar monomer in the composite founded that increase concentration of polar comonomer the conductivity also too.

Electrical Properties of Electrospun Flexible and Stretchable PVDF/PANI Nanoropes

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4218-4222
Author(s):  
Wei Hua Han ◽  
Yong Wan ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Yun Ze Long ◽  
Qing Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Polymerization Method ◽  
Pani Layer

Aligned poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers and the nanoropes have been fabricated via a novel electrospinning technique. And then conducting polyaniline (PANI) was coated on the surfaces of the nanoropes using an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method. It is found that the conductivity increased drastically at first and then tended to be saturation in the polymerization process. In addition, the flexibility and stretchability of the composites have been measured: With an increase of bending curvature and tensile strain, the conductivity rose at the beginning because the fibers among the nanoropes get tight; and then the conductivity dropped, which may due to the PANI layer broke and becomes discontinuous with the adding stress.

scholarly journals Chemical Oxidative Polymerization of Methylene Blue: Reaction Mechanism and Aspects of Chain Structure

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2188
Author(s):  
Yaroslav O. Mezhuev ◽  
Igor Y. Vorobev ◽  
Ivan V. Plyushchii ◽  
Efrem G. Krivoborodov ◽  
Alexander A. Artyukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexes ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
First Order ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Blue Reaction ◽  
Heating Up

The kinetic regularities of the initial stage of chemical oxidative polymerization of methylene blue under the action of ammonium peroxodisulfate in an aqueous medium have been established by the method of potentiometry. It was shown that the methylene blue polymerization mechanism includes the stages of chain initiation and growth. It was found that the rate of the initial stage of the reaction obeys the kinetic equation of the first order with the activation energy 49 kJ × mol−1. Based on the proposed mechanism of oxidative polymerization of methylene blue and the data of MALDI, EPR, and IR spectroscopy methods, the structure of the polymethylene blue chain is proposed. It has been shown that polymethylene blue has a metallic luster, and its electrical conductivity is probably the result of conjugation over extended chain sections and the formation of charge transfer complexes. It was found that polymethylene blue is resistant to heating up to a temperature of 440 K and then enters into exothermic transformations without significant weight loss. When the temperature rises above 480 K, polymethylene blue is subject to endothermic degradation and retains 75% of its mass up to 1000 K.

Zinc Oxide/Polyaniline Transparent Conductive Film Prepared by In Situ Polymerization Deposition

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 368-370
Author(s):  
Ping Zhong ◽  
Lin Xiu Cheng ◽  
Xing Lu
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Transparent Conductive Film ◽  
Conductive Film

In this paper，ZnO/PANI transparent conductive film has been prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization, APS as an oxidant. The conductivity and transmittance of ZnO/PANI was measured. It has been investigated of the effects of reaction conditions and the doping component on conductivity, transmissivity and adhesion. With the increase of doping ZnO, the conductivity of ZnO/PANI transparent conductive film, transmittance and adhesion reduced. The optimal conditions is that the concentration of An, APS and PVA are 0.75 mol / L, 0.8 mol / L and 0.5wt%, respectively.

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