scholarly journals Mixed Multivariate EWMA-CUSUM (MEC) Chart based on MLS-SVR Model for Monitoring Drinking Water Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 2123 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
M Mashuri ◽  
H Khusna ◽  
Wibawati ◽  
F D Putri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Multivariate Control

Abstract Monitoring the quality of drinking water needs to be conducted considering the important role of water in human life. Mixed Multivariate EWMA-CUSUM (MEC) chart is a multivariate control chart developed for observing the mean process. Based on the previous studies, this chart has better performance in detecting a shift in the process mean. In this research, the MEC is applied to observe the grade of drinking water. However, there is autocorrelation in drinking water data which lead to more false alarm occurred. Therefore, the Multioutput Least Square Support Vector Regression (MLS-SVR) model is employed to reduce or even remove the autocorrelation in the data. Using the optimal hyperparameter, the MLS-SVR algorithm produces the residuals of phase I with no autocorrelation. Those residuals are then used to form the MEC control charts. When the MEC is used to monitor the residual in phase I, there is no signal of out-of-control found. Further, in phase II, out-of-control observations are detected. The MEC chart can detect more signals out of control compared to the conventional Hotelling’s T 2 and Multivariate Exponentially Moving Average (MEWMA) charts.

Improving Phase I Monitoring of Dirichlet Regression Profiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 1850030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hourieh Foroutan ◽  
Amirhossein Amiri ◽  
Reza Kamranrad
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Control Chart ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Monitoring Procedure ◽  
Multivariate Control

In most statistical process control (SPC) applications, quality of a process or product is monitored by univariate or multivariate control charts. However, sometimes a functional relationship between a response variable and one or more explanatory variables is established and monitored over time. This relationship is called “profile” in SPC literature. In this paper, we specifically consider processes with compositional data responses, including multivariate positive observations summing to one. The relationship between compositional data responses and explanatory variables is modeled by a Dirichlet regression profile. We develop a monitoring procedure based on likelihood ratio test (lrt) for Phase I monitoring of Dirichlet regression profiles. Then, we compare the performance of the proposed method with the best method in the literature in terms of probability of signal. The results of simulation studies show that the proposed control chart has better performance in Phase I monitoring than the competing control chart. Moreover, the proposed method is able to estimate the real time of a change as well. The performance of this feature is also investigated through simulation runs which show the satisfactory performance. Finally, the application of the proposed method is illustrated based on a real case in comparison with the existing method.

scholarly journals Comparing the Performance of Several Multivariate Control Charts Based on Residual of Multioutput Least Square SVR (MLS-SVR) Model in Monitoring Water Production Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 2123 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
M Ahsan ◽  
T R Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Multivariate Control Charts ◽  
Multivariate Control

Abstract Water that is used as the basic human need, requires a processing process to get it. Water quality control in Tirtanadi Water Treatment Plant is still univariate, while theoretically the quality characteristics of water quality are correlated and there is also an autocorrelation due to the continuous process. In this study, quality control is performed on three main variables of water quality characteristics, namely acidity (pH), chlorine residual (ppm), and turbidity (NTU) using several multivariate control charts based on Multioutput Least Square Support Vector Regression (MLS-SVR) residuals. MLS-SVR modelling is used to overcome and get rid of autocorrelation. The input results of the MLS-SVR model are specified from the significant lag of the Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF), which in this study, is the first lag. The results of the MLS-SVR input model and the optimal combination of hyper-parameters produce residual values that have no autocorrelation anymore. The residuals are used to develop the Hotelling’s T 2, Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (MEWMA), and Multivariate Cumulative Sum (MCUSUM) control charts. In phase I, we found that the processes are statically controlled. Meanwhile, in phase II, the monitoring results show that there are several out-of-control observations.

scholarly journals A note Computation of Multivariate Control Limits: The Bootstrap Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1039
Author(s):  
Osayomore Ikpotokin ◽  
Israel Uzuazor Siloko ◽  
Michael Ehiemua
Keyword(s):  
Control Charts ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Multivariate Normal ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Large Shift ◽  
Small Shift ◽  
Bootstrap Approach ◽  
Multivariate Control ◽  
Control Limits

This work focuses on how to set control limits that will best identify signals in multivariate control charts. In any production process, every product is aimed to attain a certain standard, but the presence of assignable cause of variability affects our process thereby leading to low quality of product. However, the problem involved in the use of multivariate control chart is the violation of multivariate normal assumption. The first method develops bootstrap procedures to determine Hotelling's \(T^{2}\) control limits for detecting large shift. The second method develops bootstrap procedures for obtaining Multivariate Exponentially-Weighted Moving Average (BMEWMA) control limits for identifying small shift. Results from a performance study shows that the proposed methods enable the setting of control limits that can enhance the detection of out of control signals

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

scholarly journals Water contamination events in UK drinking-water supply systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gray
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Company ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Contamination Events ◽  
Supply Systems

Water supply companies in the UK have a duty under prime UK legislation to notify the Drinking Water Inspectorate of events affecting or potentially affecting the quality of drinking-water supplies. Under the same legislation, the Inspectorate has a duty to investigate each event. After assessing all of the information available, including companies' reports, the Inspectorate advises on the way in which the event was handled and whether any statutory requirements were contravened. If appropriate, a prosecution of the water company may be initiated. Copies of the assessment are sent to the water company, relevant local and health authorities, Ofwat (the economic regulator), the regional Consumer Council for Water and any other interested parties, including consumers who request it. Generic guidance may be issued to the industry on matters of wider concern. This paper considers the role of the Inspectorate, the powers available to it and reporting arrangements. An overview is presented of events that occurred between 1990 and 2005 and common features are identified. Causes of different types of event are discussed. The importance of well-established contacts between the various interested parties involved in protecting public health is emphasised through discussion of example incidents.

Pateicības izpausmes folklorā psiholoģiskā kontekstā

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Ieva Ančevska
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Health And Well Being

The article examines the depiction of gratitude and related events in Latvian folklore through comparative evaluation. Gratitude is considered in a psychological context, comparing the attitude expressed in folklore with the findings of modern scientific research. Gratitude is a concept that is usually associated with a relationship or a benefit, it is most often aimed outwards, dedicated to someone else, but at the same time, it creates a pleasant feeling within the person. In modern psychology, gratitude is receiving more and more attention from researchers because its manifestations stimulate the formation of positive emotions and contribute to the improvement of the person’s overall well-being. Research and clinical studies in psychotherapy confirm that gratitude plays an important role in improving mental health and reducing depressive, destructive feelings. In turn, neuroscience research shows the potential of a grateful and positive attitude in strengthening psycho-emotional health and well-being in general. In Latvian folklore, gratitude is depicted as an important part of ritual events, which helps to ensure a positive, balanced connection with the forces of nature, gods, and society. In folklore, the importance of gratitude is emphasised more when building family relationships or accepting various situations and occurrences in life. In both psychological research and the practice of systemic therapy, as well as in folklore, gratitude appears as one of the most important values of interpersonal connection, which promotes the formation of harmonious relationships. Similar to the opinions of psychology, the folk world views emphasise the motivational role of gratitude in improving the quality of human life and health in general.

scholarly journals The importance and the role of forensics of mobile

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaklina Spalevic ◽  
Zeljko Bjelajac ◽  
Marko Caric
Keyword(s):  
Digital Forensics ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Computer Forensics ◽  
System Support ◽  
Electronic Networks ◽  
Systemic Control

Scientific-technological development, along with initiating integrative forces that offer improvement of the quality of human life, concurrently created prerequisites for individuals to exploit certain innovations for performing criminal activities. Modern criminals wander through electronic networks, and assisted by high technology, perform a variety of criminal acts and ?launder? large sums of money. Computer forensics is a technological, systemic control of the computer system and its content for the purpose of gathering evidence of a criminal act or other abuse that it has been used for. Digital forensics requires particular expertise that goes beyond traditional data collection, as well as employment of techniques available to the final user or system support personnel. In this context, this article examines principles, methods and procedures in mobile device investigation, which nowadays represent a multifunctional, powerful computer weapon, and considers the necessity to update concrete procedures in accordance with the development and growth of IT.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Assessment of Bottled Drinking Water Available at Major Transit Places in Mangalore City of South India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Joseph ◽  
Sevitha Bhat ◽  
Subhani Mahapatra ◽  
Ayush Singh ◽  
Sajal Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Floating Bodies ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Batch Number

Introduction. Safe drinking water is essential for human life. It is generally considered that bottled water is safe for usage by people. For long-distance travelers, it serves as the only source of reliable drinking water. But, several studies have reported that bottled water does not always meet the acceptability standards. Objectives. To assess the bacteriological and physical quality of bottled water marketed in major transit areas and to check its compliance with national standards. Methods. The investigating team visited retail shops at three main transit sites for long-distance travelers in Mangalore city. A total of 24 water bottles of 12 brands were randomly selected. The analysis of total viable count (TVC) was done to assess the bacteriological quality of samples. Results. In 3(12.5%) samples, all of which were of local brands, batch number, the period of manufacture, and the period of expiry were not mentioned. Odor and floating bodies were present in one sample each. Five (20.8%) water bottles had been enriched with minerals. Ozone treatment was the most commonly 22(91.7%) used method for disinfection of water. In only 15(62.5%) samples, the bacterial contamination was within acceptable limits certified for drinking purposes. Water samples manufactured by multinational companies (p=0.018), those with batch number mentioned (p=0.042), the best period of manufacture (p=0.036), and long expiry dates (p=0.028) were acceptable for usage. Conclusion. Surveillance of bottled water manufacturing industries in the settings on a regular basis needs to be done by regulatory agencies. These measures will ensure safe and wholesome bottled water for public usage.

scholarly journals Quality of Surface Water and Groundwater in Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-199
Author(s):  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Sabbar Saleh ◽  
Twana Abdullahand ◽  
Salwan Ali Abed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater

Insufficiency of water resources in the Middle East Region represents vital factors that influence the stability of the region and its progress. Expectations indicate that the condition will be dimmer and more complicated, especially in Iraqi territory. Iraq, which is situated in the Middle East, it covers an area of 433,970 square kilometers and populated by about 32 million inhabitants. Iraq greatly relies in its water resources on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers as a surface water resources, and several productive groundwater aquifers in which from the hydrogeological point of view divided into several major aquifer units including Foothill, Al-Jazira, Aquifer System, Mandali-Badra-Teeb, Mesopotamian and Desert Aquifer system. Recently, Iraq is suffering from water shortage problems. This is due to external and internal factors affecting the water quality of water resources; they are controlled and uncontrolled factors. The uncontrolled factors are climate change and its consequences, such as reduction of precipitation and temperature increasing. The controlled factors have a significantly negative influence on water resources, but their effects involve more specific regions. The controlled factors are mainly represented by building dams and irrigation projects within the upper parts of the Tigris and Euphrates catchments, Al-Tharthar Scheme, waste water, solid wastes and wastes from wars, which has a significant effect on surface water in Iraq because about 80% of the water supply to Euphrates and Tigris Rivers come from Turkey. In addition, the pressures resulting from the high demand for water resources, and the continued decline in their quantity rates have led to major changes in the hydrological condition in Iraq during the past 30 years. The decrease in surface water levels and precipitation during these three decades reflects the drop in the levels of water reservoirs, lakes, and rivers to the unexpected levels. The level of main country’s water source, Tigris, and Euphrates Rivers has fallen to less than a third of its natural levels. As storage capacity depreciates, the government estimates that its water reserves have been reduced precariously. According to the survey from the Ministry of Water Resources, millions of Iraqi people have faced a severe shortage of drinking water. Since of the importance of water for human life and the need to monitor temporal and spatial changes in quality and quantity, there is a need to develop a general Iraqi Water Quality Index (Iraq WQI) to monitor surface water and groundwater and classify it into five categories, very good, good, acceptable, bad and very bad, in terms of suitability for domestics, irrigation and agriculture depending on the Iraqi and WHO standards for drinking water. In addition, strict establishment for the regular quantitative monitoring surface water and groundwater setting and processes. Prospects are more negative for all riparian countries. This implies that solving these problems requires actual and serious international, regional, and national cooperation to set a prudent plan for water resources management of the two basins. Iraq being the most affected country should seriously set a prudent, scientific, and strategic plan for the management and conservation of its water resources. Keywords: Pollution, Water Quality, Waste, Surface water, Groundwater, Iraq.

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