scholarly journals The optical system of the Tenerife Microwave Spectrometer: a window for observing the 10–20 GHz sky spectra

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. P12037
Author(s):  
P. Alonso-Arias ◽  
P.A. Fuerte-Rodríguez ◽  
R.J. Hoyland ◽  
J.A. Rubiño-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Cross Polarization ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Microwave Spectrometer ◽  
Low Sidelobe ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Reflector System ◽  
Design Requirements

Abstract The TMS optical system is based on a decentered dual-reflector system in a Gregorian configuration to observe with an angular resolution of less than 2°. The primary goal of the present study is to evaluate the final design and verify that it satisfies the design requirements. We aim for low cross-polarization (-30 dB), low sidelobe (-25 dB) levels, and a stable beam in terms of shape (low ellipticity) and size over a full octave bandwidth (10–20 GHz). We performed both ray-tracing and full-wave simulations using the CST Studio software in order to investigate the system behaviour. We gave special attention to the beam frequency variation and polarization leakage. We have characterized the effects on the radiation pattern produced by the cryostat window. We present the final design of the TMS optical system, as well as a complete study of the system's performance in terms of cross-polarization, sidelobes, ellipticity and beamwidth. We discuss the effects of sidelobes and study the need for a baffle.

Design and Fabrication of an Affordable Transfemoral Prosthetic Leg

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio O. Bachtiar ◽  
Tatacipta Dirgantara ◽  
Sandro Mihradi ◽  
Andi Isra Mahyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Prosthetic Limbs ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Analysis System

An invalid is a person with physical or mental abnormalities which hinders their ability of doing normal human activities. One of the aforementioned abnormalities is the loss or malfunction of a body part or organ, such as the human leg. Problems brought about by this disability could be alleviated by the use of prosthetic limbs to restore normal bodily functions [1]. While there are many needs for leg prosthetics in Indonesia, the price of commercially available prosthetic is prohibitively high for most amputees. The current available affordable prosthetics are very basic and employ monocentric knee joints. Here an attempt is made towards acquiring an optimal design of an affordable prosthetic leg using previously developed four-bar knee joint [2,3]. The design is carried out by implementing a systematic design method to arrive at an affordable, yet ones with better performances. The procedure involves a rubric and analyzing various alternatives to arrive at an optimal design conclusion. The evaluation objective is to maximize the performance of the leg and knee prosthetics through an extensive analysis with considerations from various stakeholders, including the potential users, fabricator, and hospitals in Indonesia [4]. The final design of the leg consists of a composite socket, an aluminum pylon, and a solid-ankle cushioned-heel foot design. Its components are modular and compatible with prosthetic industry standards. The knee is made of a combination of polymers and stainless steel and employs a polycentric mechanism in order to satisfy design requirements while keeping costs low [4,5]. The leg and knee were then fabricated according to the analysis results. The total cost of fabrication is approximately 5.5 million IDR, significantly cheaper than commercial prosthetics. The prototype is then tested and examined using a gait analysis system previously developed at Institut Teknologi Bandung by the Biomechanics Research Team [6]. The results show satisfactory performance, albeit with a host of potential improvements.

Topology Optimization for the Base of Parallel Loading Device

2013 ◽  
Vol 579-580 ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Gong Wang ◽  
Li Ping Wang ◽  
Ning Min Kang ◽  
Run Cheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Structural Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Loading Device ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Manual Handling ◽  
Design Weight

The base of Parallel loading device withstand the pressure of hundreds of tons, Limited by the conditions of use, All components of the device must be manual handling, so Its weight becomes very sensitive. The initial design weight of base are about 170 kg, By handling environmental constraints, four men lift is also very convenient, Therefore it's urgent to reduce weight. In this paper, a powerful modeling capabilities of UG combined ANSYS topology optimization module on the base for a topology optimization, We refer to the shape of topology optimization design of the final design of the structure. Through finite element analysis, the structural stiffness and strength to meet the design requirements, And weight decreased from about 170 kg to 120 kg, reduced by nearly 30%.

Analysis and Design of the “Solar One” Thermal Storage Subsystem Heat Exchangers

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
F. R. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Central Receiver ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Design Requirements

This paper describes the analysis and design of the five kinds of heat exchangers used in the thermal storage subsystem of the 10 MWe Solar Central Receiver Pilot Plant, now becoming more known as “Solar One.” The paper discusses the practices and standards used in the designs of the heat exchangers, lists the heat exchanger design requirements, and discusses the process conditions. The design assumptions and constraints, the geometrical considerations, and the tradeoff studies that were conducted to optimize the designs are also discussed. A description of each heat exchanger reveals the final design solution. Novel and unique features of a power plant that must operate on a daily sun-cycle are identified.

Generalized 2-D Numerical Pattern Synthesis Algorithm for Low Cross Polarization and Low Sidelobe Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 2578-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Lin Chen ◽  
Pei-Yuan Qin ◽  
Y. Jay Guo ◽  
Yanhui Liu ◽  
Pengfei You
Keyword(s):  
Cross Polarization ◽  
Pattern Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Algorithm ◽  
Low Sidelobe

Topology Optimization Design of Gearbox Housing in Electric Bus

2014 ◽  
Vol 574 ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Ling Ling ◽  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Constraint ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Virtual Prototyping Technology ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

The virtual prototyping technology in corporation with a finite element analysis was first used to analyze the strength and stiffness of gearbox casing in an electric bus. On the basis of this analysis, the topology optimization technology (TOT) based on the variable density method was introduced into the design of gearbox casing which takes the minimized total flexibility of gearbox as the objective function, the density of each cell as the design variable and the volume as the design constraint. Then, according to the results of topology optimization and the requirements of manufacturing process, the structure of gearbox casing was designed in detail. Finally, the stress analysis of the housing model of the final design was carried out. The results show that the optimized housing not only meets the design requirements of stiffness and strength, but also reduces its quality, which can make the performance of gearbox achieve optimal.

Curve Form Design of Accelerated Loading Track

2014 ◽  
Vol 889-890 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Xing Yu Guo ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Jin Xiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Horizontal Component ◽  
Centripetal Force ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Curve Type ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Form Design ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Curve Form ◽  
Component Force

The curve type track is used in designing of Accelerated Loading Test System (ALT). The loading vechicle is will produce a greater impact and noise when running on the curve of the track, which will reduce the efficiency and accuracy of the experiments. The design requirements, criteria and design methods of the rail curve are proposed. Contrast the centripetal force, the horizontal component force and the jerk of special curves, the final design chosed elliptic curve as curve type of ALT track.

Interactive Ram Pump Display Project

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Celik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal System ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Project Proposal ◽  
Student Work ◽  
Final Design ◽  
York County ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Museum Display ◽  
The Given

During a senior level thermal system design class given at York College of Pennsylvania, a customer-based design project has been implemented. This project provides the students with the opportunity to apply the knowledge that they learned in class and allows them to think creatively to achieve the given task. For this project, students are required to prepare a project proposal based on the needs of the customer and deliver a written report at the end of the semester. The main purpose of the project is to design an interactive museum display to show the working principle of a ram pump for the York County Heritage Trust Museum. The hydraulic ram pump utilizes the power of flowing water to operate without the use of electricity. The project requires students to apply energy and cost analysis. This paper presents the details of the design requirements, procedures and the final design. Examples of student work and the assessment of the work are also provided.

Topology Optimization of the Base of Loading Device

2014 ◽  
Vol 494-495 ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Hua Ping Mei ◽  
Hao Yue Tian
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Structural Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Loading Device ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Manual Handling ◽  
Design Weight

The base of Parallel loading device withstand the pressure of hundreds of tons, Limited by the conditions of use, All components of the device must be manual handling, so Its weight becomes very sensitive. The initial design weight of base are about 170 kg, By handling environmental constraints, four men lift is also very convenient, Therefore it's urgent to reduce weight. In this paper, a powerful modeling capabilities of UG combined ANSYS topology optimization module on the base for a topology optimization, We refer to the shape of topology optimization design of the final design of the structure. Through finite element analysis, the structural stiffness and strength to meet the design requirements, And weight decreased from about 170 kg to 120 kg, reduced by nearly 30%.

scholarly journals Shape and Weighting Optimization of a Subarray for an mm-Wave Phased Array Antenna

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6803
Author(s):  
Taeyong Jeong ◽  
Juho Yun ◽  
Kyunghyun Oh ◽  
Jihyung Kim ◽  
Dae Woong Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Phased Array Antenna ◽  
Array Pattern ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Low Sidelobe ◽  
Half Power

This paper discusses how to optimize the weighting of individual subarrays to derive the low sidelobe level (SLL) based on quadratic programming (QP) and how to derive QP parameters to ensure that the objective function is composed of the quadratic function form, with the actual number identical to the standard objective function of QP. Next, in order to analyze the SLL, a 24 × 24 phased array antenna was compared with 96 transmit–receive modules (TRMs) attached only to the subarray stage and a phased array antenna with 576 TRMs attached to all radiating elements without a subarray. Optimized weighting was applied to the array antennas with a subarray, and Taylor weighting was applied to the array antennas without a subarray. The number of TRMs used in the phased array antenna with the optimized weighting was reduced by 83.3% compared to the phased array antenna in which TRMs were attached to all radiating elements. The SLL and the half-power beamwidths (HPBWs) of the two antennas were practically identical in a narrow beam-scanning environment. Finally, an array pattern (AP) in which mutual coupling between the radiating elements was considered was calculated to verify the optimized weighting. Moreover, the optimized weighting was applied to CST Microwave Studio (an EM full-wave simulation) to compare the results from the AP calculation and a simulation. It was confirmed that the two results above are largely indistinguishable. The analysis found that the HPBW is 3.6∘× 3.6∘ and the SLL is −26.18 dB from AP calculations in the boresight direction. When each 5∘ beam was scanned at the azimuth and elevation, the corresponding HPBW values were 3.7∘× 3.7∘ and 3.7∘× 3.7∘ and the SLLs were −22.70 dB and −24.44 dB according to the AP calculations.

Design on the Electromechanical Shift Mechanism of AMT

2011 ◽  
Vol 88-89 ◽  
pp. 355-359
Author(s):  
Jin Ling Tao ◽  
Hui Jin ◽  
Wei Song Yuan ◽  
Hui Yan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Performance Characteristic ◽  
Theoretical Principle ◽  
Operating Mechanism ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Structure Improvement ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Test Result

According to the performance characteristic of the shift system of AMT, the design requirements of electromechanical shift mechanism are developed, and the electromechanical shift mechanism of AMT for the off-road vehicle is designed. Based on the shift force and shift time, parameters of selection and shift operating mechanism are designed. The mechanism is analyzed by FEA software, affording theoretical principle for the structure improvement and its final design. The test result proves that the electromechanical shift mechanism is reasonable and feasible of the application of AMT system.

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