Doubt and System (1913–14)

This chapter presents Tillich’s 1913 systematics as an indication of Tillich’s position in the year preceding the war. The tripartite system (Apologetics, Dogmatics, Ethics) locates theology in a truth-theoretical account where God is the absolute. Human thought is presented as a conflict between intuition and reflection, in need of redemption. Doubt is grounded in truth, and every human is principally justified. Justification is indeed presented as a universal and theoretical principle. However, since distressed thought is redeemed by the absolute paradox, we do not have the justification of the doubter in the same clarity as 1919. The question of whether the systematics constitutes an ‘intellectual work’ is therefore ambivalent, for it exhibits some structural characteristics of Karl Heim’s project. Despite the eschatological qualifications of Tillich’s system, we can begin to see why Tillich may have later found it an embarrassment.

Nanomicellar Extraction of Polyphenols—Methodology and Applications Review

The selection of the appropriate extraction method is crucial, especially for the receiving of active substances from plant material. The extraction using supercritical liquids and micellar-mediated extraction (MME) is the most advantageous among the alternative methods to classical solid–liquid extraction. However, the latter seems to be the best solution when the desired actives are polar. The following article presents a comprehensive review of the micellar-mediated extraction method in the last decade. The theoretical principle of the process was also refreshed and the current state of knowledge on the applications for analytical and manufacturing purposes was summarized.

Recognition of the Victimizer and Its Application in Criminal Police Investigations

Over time, the study of the victimizer concept indicates the evolution of this concept and the emergence of four different tendencies in this field, which have been created in response to the offenders' needs. These four tendencies are 1- general victimizer, 2- criminal or reciprocal action, 3- critical victimizer and 4- legal victimizer. The fourth approach, the new method of the victimizer, aims to investigate the characteristics of the victimizer, the pattern of the victimizer, and the repetition of these patterns to achieve the criminal seminally. Rush to the aid of homicide investigations, police and detectives. Forensic victimizer against theoretical principle is an applied principle. This stage of victimizer by adopting a new approach of misdemeanours while examining the normative and individualized offenders specific offences, drawing all the patterns of victimizer and discovering a list of comprehensive characteristics of the offender such as physical, biological, mental, social, educational, occupational and personality characteristics during the victimizer While estimating the criminality of the offender, it tries to create comprehensive standards for faster detection of similar crimes and also by identifying hidden and suspicious models of victimizer to help prevent crime. This approach by collecting preliminary information and forming a conscious profile for the victimizer is deliberate parts of the puzzle of personality, age, social, economic, cultural, etc. It also solves the victimizer, and considering and interpreting the statements and experience of certain offenders scientifically is trying to answer the questions.

Racial Socialization and Racism

This chapter illustrates key connections between the traditional field of symbolic interactionism and the study of racial socialization and racism. When researching and writing about racial socialization and racism from a micro-level perspective, it is important to not lose sight of the mutually sustaining relationship between the shared meaning making processes that unfold in everyday life and the big, broad structures that shape and reinforce those meanings. This is particularly true when thinking about theories of how the newest members of a society, through an interpretive process, come to understand the concept of race. Understanding how children learn about race requires taking into account how this learning process is shaped by both micro-level meaning making and macro-level structures. And this is a key theoretical principle of symbolic interactionism. The chapter then explores how race as a concept develops for young people through processes of social interaction within particular contexts.

The Excentric Film Project of Gotot Prakosa

This article outlines the film practice of Gotot Prakosa (1955–2015), which he called film pinggiran (film of the edges, excentric film), and its relationships with the hegemony exerted by the Indonesian New Order government in the 1970s and 1980s. By examining Gotot’s film works and extensive reflections on film-making, this article elucidates the dual characteristic of film pinggiran as a spatial and theoretical principle that orientates an excentric drive in the production and circulation of film. The article suggests that the film practice realized both an analysis of, and contradiction to, New Order mass media infrastructures and superstructures, thus engendering an ideological strike on the reproduction of the hegemony of the New Order. Film pinggiran thus does not necessarily ‘push the boundary’ further away; instead, it makes the edge the manifest content itself.

Data science in organizations: Conceptualizing its breakthroughs and blind spots

The field of data science emerged in recent years, building on advances in computational statistics, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and big data. Modern organizations are immersed in data and are turning toward data science to address a variety of business problems. While numerous complex problems in science have become solvable through data science, not all scientific solutions are equally applicable to business. Many data-intensive business problems are situated in complex socio-political and behavioral contexts that still elude commonly used scientific methods. To what extent can such problems be addressed through data science? Does data science have any inherent blind spots in this regard? What types of business problems are likely to be addressed by data science in the near future, which will not, and why? We develop a conceptual framework to inform the application of data science in business. The framework draws on an extensive review of data science literature across four domains: data, method, interfaces, and cognition. We draw on Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety as theoretical principle. We conclude that data-scientific advances across the four domains, in aggregate, could constitute requisite variety for particular types of business problems. This explains why such problems can be fully or only partially addressed, solved, or automated through data science. We distinguish between situations that can be improved due to cross-domain compensatory effects, and problems where data science, at best, only contributes merely to better understanding of complex phenomena.

The Use of Computer Tools in Assessing the Development of Learning Interactions in Primary Schoolchildren

The article presents results of a study on the possibilities of using the ‘Scales’ research technique for assessing the effectiveness of learning interactions in primary school children. The study involved 90 students of primary school (N=90), grades 1 to 4. We discuss the issue of using computer tools in activity- based assessments. In our study, we have implemented the fundamental theoretical principle, according to which the very nature of participants’ activities determines the structure of the digital system construction. We show that evaluating the effectiveness of learning interactions in joint problem-solving tasks is possible in situations when the ‘digital shell’ of the students’ activities becomes a means to actualize the processes of communication, exchange of actions, mutual understanding and reflection, which determine the process of setting the learning task and finding the generalised way of solving it. It is noted that in the course of solving experimental problems, there is a qualitative change in these processes, which are an integral characteristic of the sense of community that arises between children and adults and, in turn, allows children to reach beyond the framework of the current subject problem and to move over to meaning-based interactions (Z=-3.651, Asympt.Sig.(2-tailed)<0.001, p=0.05).

The research and verification of In-Arm Torsional Electromagnetic Active Suspension

This paper designs and manufactures a new type of arm suspension institution named In-Arm Torsional Electromagnetic Active Suspension (ITEAS) according to the structure and characteristic. The paper introduces the function and application scenarios of ITEAS and narrates the research value and scientific significance of the system. At first, the structure and principle of ITEAS are presented briefly, based on which the mathematical model of ITEAS suspension and height adjustment is built and analyzed. Next, the paper studies three critical components of ITEAS respectively. The mathematical solution is found to calculate the stiffness of the torsion bar. The structure and hydrodynamic model of the vane damper is researched, and the simulation model of the absorber is built in AMESim. The paper studies the theoretical principle of height adjustment and obtains the frequency characteristic of “Motor-Load” through the transfer function solved in MATLAB. Therefore, simulation models are built in AMESim in allusion to the three functions in the next chapter to verify the suspension characteristic, the height adjustment and the active displacement control of ITEAS independently. At last, several experiments are conducted on the test bench to check the feasibility of ITEAS. The results show that ITEAS is capable of being used as a vehicle suspension system and has a good impact on mitigation ability under road surface excitation, which enables us to adjust the body height and control the displacement actively according to the road condition.

Modernizing the Philosophy of Creative Creativity

Fang Dongmei (1899–1977) is among the most influential Chinese philosophers who lived and worked in Taiwan during the second half of the 20th century. The present article aims to clarify his view on the basic nature of the human Self. This assessment is more multifaceted than it seems at a first glimpse, for Fang’s philosophy is also more complex than it seems. As a member of the so-called neo-conservative streams of thought, he criticized the Western-type modernization and aimed to revive the holistic onto-epistemology of classical Confucianism. On the other hand, he highlighted the importance of its basic paradigm which underlay the Confucian discourses from their very beginning, i.e. since the Book of Changes, namely the principle of creative creativity (shengshengbuxi 生生不息). The alleged contradiction between his advocating of holism and creativity, has been reflected in the apparent dichotomy between the social and relational essence of the Confucian Moral Self on the one side, and individual uniqueness on the other. The paper aims to show that both seeming contradictions are actually parts of the same theoretical principle defining the complementary interactions of binary oppositions.