scholarly journals Influence of vegetation cover on air and soil temperatures in the Šumava Mts. (Czech Republic)

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 012029 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tesař ◽  
M Šír ◽  
M Krejča ◽  
J Váchal
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Soil Temperatures

scholarly journals A portable instrument for determining soil temperatures

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
M. SALARUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Portable Instrument ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Short Time

A Portable instrument using thermocouples for measuring soil temperatures has been designed and constructed. The Instrument as constructed can record temperatures at depths of 5, 10, 15 and 30 cm and also at depths of 10,15, 20 and 35,or15, 20, 25 and 40 cm by inserting it into the soil to different points. The instrument can be installed by simply driving it into the soil without materially disturbing the soil packing or the vegetation cover and reliable readings can be obtained within a short time of its insertion unlike in the case of ordinary soil thermometers.

scholarly journals How do Soil Moisture and Vegetation Covers Influence Soil Temperature in Drylands of Mediterranean Regions?

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Lozano-Parra ◽  
Manuel Pulido ◽  
Carlos Lozano-Fondón ◽  
Susanne Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Interactions between land and atmosphere directly influence hydrometeorological processes and, therefore, the local climate. However, because of heterogeneity of vegetation covers these feedbacks can change over small areas, becoming more complex. This study aims to define how the interactions between soil moisture and vegetation covers influence soil temperatures in very water-limited environments. In order to do that, soil water content and soil temperature were continuously monitored with a frequency of 30 min over two and half hydrological years, using capacitance and temperature sensors that were located in open grasslands and below tree canopies. The study was carried out on three study areas located in drylands of Mediterranean climate. Results highlighted the importance of soil moisture and vegetation cover in modifying soil temperatures. During daytime and with low soil moisture conditions, daily maximum soil temperatures were, on average, 7.1 °C lower below tree canopies than in the air, whereas they were 4.2 °C higher in grasslands than in the air. As soil wetness decreased, soil temperature increased, although this effect was significantly weaker below tree canopies than in grasslands. Both high soil water content and the effect of shading were reflected in a decrease of maximum soil temperatures and of their daily amplitudes. Statistical analysis emphasized the influence of soil temperature on soil water reduction, regardless of vegetation cover. If soil moisture deficits become more frequent due to climate change, variations in soil temperature could increase, affecting hydrometeorological processes and local climate.

scholarly journals Influence of salt marsh ecosystem on the concentration and emission of CO2 from the Wadden sea coast soil of northern Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Md Harunor Rashid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Coastal Salt Marsh ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Mean

A field study was conducted to evaluate the possible factors controlling the fluxes of carbon dioxide along a toposequence of daily to seasonally flooded coastal salt marsh soils. The soil at the top end of the salt marsh (with a height of 1.8 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and a dense vegetation cover) was salic silty to clayic (Typic Sulfaquent), while the soil at the bottom end (with some salt bushes and a 1.4 m a.s.l.) was sandy to silty (Haplic Sulfaquent). The mean (depth: 0 - 100 cm) values of pH were around 7, and of redox potentials (Eh) in the Typic Sulfaquent ranged from -162 to + 104 mV during all the seasons. The average net-emission of CO2 (-14.0 g m-2 a-1) above the vegetation cover was negative for the Haplic Sulfaquent but highly positive for Typic Sulfaquent round the year (857 g m-2 a-1). The average maximum concentrations of CO2 were detected within the surface soils 20 to 40 cm in both the profiles. In the surface soils of 0 to 20 cm the concentrations of CO2 measured were relatively low though the values were about 5 to 20 times higher than that of the atmospheric (0.35 g/v) concentration. For the average of two Haplic Sulfaquents, the soil temperatures were almost 2°C higher than that of the Typic Sulfaquent and it was also 2.5°C higher than the mean annual temperature (9.5°C) of the soils. The current results show that the CO2 fluxes seasonally varied significantly and for certain periods of the year the coastal salt marsh soils can act either as a sink or source for atmospheric CO2 depending on the physical and chemical properties of the soils.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 101-109, December-2016

scholarly journals Response of Vegetation on Gravel Bars to Management Measures and Floods: Case Study From the Czech Republic

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Eremiášová ◽  
Hana Skokanová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Gravel Bars ◽  
Successional Stages

AbstractThis article investigates response of vegetation on gravel bars to management measures and floods. The management measures consisted of the partial removal of gravel and vegetation cover, and were applied to six gravel bars on the Ostravice River, Czech Republic. Unexpected floods occu-rred in 2010, with the amplitude of 5- to 50-year repetition. Research of vegetation on the gravel bars consisted of vegetation survey before the management works; the monitoring of vegetation development over the following year and the verification of the relationships of species diversity, successional stages and the biotope conditions with the help of multivariate analysis (detrended correspondence analysis). Vegetation on the gravel bars was at different successional stages, and had higher diversity and vegetation cover before the management measures and floods. The mul-tivariate analysis revealed a shift toward initial successional stages with high demand on moisture, temperature and light after both management measures and floods.

scholarly journals Textural Influence on Surface and Subsurface Soil Temperatures under Various Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Akter ◽  
MA Miah ◽  
MM Hassan ◽  
MN Mobin ◽  
MA Baten
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Long Wave Radiation

An experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the textural influence on surface and subsurface soil temperatures under various conditions. The experiment consisted of four types of soil (red, sandy, clay and peat). Observations were made at three conditions viz. bare, moist and vegetation cover. Sandy soil at bare condition showed the highest surface temperature followed by peat, red and clay soils. Sand surface produced nearly 10ºC higher values than from clay soil at around midday hours. In four types of soils, the amplitude of the daily surface temperature wave decreased in the order sand > peat > red > clay at bare dry condition. In case of subsurface temperature observed at 10 cm depth, red, clay and peat soils showed insignificant differences. Soil surface temperatures of 4 types soils under moisture condition at around mid days showed similar pattern as in dry condition i.e. sand > peat > red > clay. Soil subsurface temperatures of 4 types soils under moisture condition at around mid days showed similar pattern as in surface temperature. Among three conditions, sandy soil emitted highest long wave radiation (-649.88 Wm-2) at bare condition. The long wave radiation emitted by the surface was lower when the soil was wet and has vegetation cover. Air temperature positively correlated with soil temperature.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 147-151 2015

scholarly journals Ground beetles (Carabidae) on quarry terraces in the vicinity of Brno (Czech Republic)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Novotná ◽  
Pavla Šťastná
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Red List ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Near Threatened

The occurrence of ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) was monitored in the exhausted limestone quarry of massif Hády near Brno using formaldehyde pitfall traps with a monthly interval of collection. Research was conducted from April to October in 2009 and 2010. The obtained material was investigated on some synecological characteristics and species affiliation to bioindication groups. In total for both years, 462 specimens of 43 species were captured. Most species were found in habitats with vegetation cover in the immediate vicinity of cultivated agricultural land – 441 specimens of 39 species. In the quarry itself only a minimal amount of ground beetles was found – 21 specimens of 11 species. Decrease in the abundance of ground beetles towards the center of the quarry was demonstrated. Next, significant species of Brachinus crepitans, Brachinus explodens and Cicindela sylvicola (endangered species pursuant to Decree 395/1992 Coll.) and species listed in the Red List were reported – near threatened Ophonus sabulicola and vulnerable Cylindera germanica (also endangered species pursuant to Decree 395/1992 Coll).

scholarly journals First occurrence of the Kentish Snail Monacha cantiana (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hygromiidae) in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Č. Hlaváč ◽  
Alena Peltanová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Abundant Population

We document the first occurrence of the Kentish Snail Monacha cantiana (Montagu, 1803) from Prague, Czech Republic. During autumn 2009, an abundant population of M. cantiana was found at sites with suitable vegetation and microclimatic conditions, predominantly composed of grassy vegetation cover. It is expected that this species will continue to spread in the Czech Republic.

Soil-to-plant transfer of native selenium for wild vegetation cover at selected locations of the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiřina Száková ◽  
Jana Tremlová ◽  
Kristýna Pegová ◽  
Jana Najmanová ◽  
Pavel Tlustoš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wild Vegetation ◽  
Plant Transfer ◽  
Native Selenium

scholarly journals The effect of polypropylene fleece covering on the yield of early potatoes

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hamouz ◽  
P. Dvořák ◽  
J. Čepl ◽  
J. Pivec
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Early Potato ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Early Harvest

In 2000–2003 the effect of white fleece Pegas-agro 17 UV on the dynamics of yield formation in irrigated early potatoes (Adora and Impala varieties) was investigated in an early potato production region of the Czech Republic. The fleece was placed over the crops for 49 days (2000), 35 days (2001), 37 days (2002) or 45 days (2003) after the planting. The fleece significantly increased the yield of commercial tubers at early harvest (31. 5. 2000 to 121.3%, 7. 6. 2001 to 133.7% and 31. 5. 2002 to 134.5% in comparison with the control and on average of both varieties). Differences between the control variant and the fleece variant were insignificant during harvest at the end of June. In later sequential harvests differences between the fleece variant and the control variant diminished and at the end of June they were already insignificant. Between the varieties a greater yield effect was found in Impala variety in comparison with Adora variety. Favourable effects of the fleece on soil temperatures were demonstrated.  

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