scholarly journals Structural features of the bark in young stems of Betula ermanii Cham. in the conditions of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky mud volcano (Sakhalin Island)

2019 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
A I Talskikh ◽  
A V Kopanina ◽  
I I Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Sakhalin Island ◽  
Mud Volcano ◽  
Betula Ermanii

scholarly journals Tectonic control on the distribution of onshore mud volcanoes in parts of the Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
Ojochenemi K. Musa ◽  
Ewa E. Kurowska ◽  
Krzysztof Schoeneich ◽  
Solomon A. Alagbe ◽  
Jeremiah Ayok
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Mud Volcano ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Mud Volcanoes ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Clastic Rocks

Abstract Onshore mud volcanoes are rare geological phenomena, which in Nigeria were reported for the first time few years ago in the Upper Benue Trough. In this study a detail geological mapping of the area of mud volcanoes occurrence was carried out, with the primary aim of defining their relationship, if any, to the structural geology there. The systematic field reconnaissance included field observations of the structural features, as well as analysis of the location and distribution of the onshore mud volcanoes, marking their locations on the topographic and geological maps, analysis of the aerial photographs and satellite images. The study area covered the central part of the Upper Benue Trough where the onshore mud volcanoes were found. The study area is the part of a sedimentary basin comprising Cretaceous clastic rocks that have been deformed intensively by a network of faults often embedded in the underlying Precambrian basement. This network of faults underwent a rejuvenation period from the Aptian to the Palaeocene. The most prominent tectonic structure in the study area is the NE – SW trending Kaltungo Fault Zone, however, there are other minor faults with N – S and NW – SE trends. This study shows that the mud volcanoes found in the study area are usually located near or within fault zones, within the outcropping Upper Cretaceous Yolde Formation and Upper Bima Sandstone, both of which were deformed by the Kaltungo faults, as well as by other minor faults. Worldwide, incidences of onshore mud volcano formation are usually attributed to areas of tectonic activity, rapid sedimentation or hydrocarbon occurrence. In this study, the interpretation of the field observations and mapping results, combined with information on the structural evolution of the study area and seismic pattern (very scarce), have led to the conclusion that the location of onshore mud volcanoes in the Upper Benue Trough, being located along the fault zones, is structurally controlled. The close relationship between mud volcano location and the structural framework of the area may be interpreted as one of several possible subsurface geological responses to present tectonic activity.

scholarly journals UAV survey method to Monitoring and analysing geological hazards: The Case study of mud volcano of Villaggio Santa Barbara, Caltanissetta (Sicily)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Brighenti ◽  
Francesco Carnemolla ◽  
Danilo Messina ◽  
Giorgio De Guidi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Mud Volcano ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Paroxysmal Event ◽  
Deformation Processes

Abstract. All active geological processes determine effects on the soil due to different deformation processes: surface uplift and subsidence, shear lineaments with differential kinematics in relation to the source and the soils involved. Among all the active geological processes on Santa Barbara mud volcano (Caltanissetta town, Italy), represents a dangerous site because it caused, on 11 August 2008, a paroxysmal event, which determined severe damages to the infrastructures at around to 2 km the paroxysmal event. The remote sensing of surface deformation now represents a key tool for the evaluation and monitoring of the hazard. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in contexts of natural danger presents three main steps for risk assessment and monitoring: pre-post event data acquisition, emergency support and monitoring. Here we present a methodology for monitoring deformation processes that may be precursors of paroxysmal events on the Santa Barbara mud volcano. Among the precursors, the lifting and development of structural features are the most important, with dimensions ranging from centimetre to decimetre. Therefore in relation to the magnitudes of the phenomena involved, the objective of this work is (going from the acquisition phase, to the SfM processing chain and the use of the M3C2-PM algorithm for the comparison between point clouds and uncertainty analysis with a statistical approach) the monitoring of deformation processes, with centimetre precision and a temporal frequency of 1–2 months, as precursor indications of hazard.

Concentrations and behavior of rare earth elements in mud volcanic waters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Sobisevich ◽  
Valery Ershov ◽  
Evgeniy Elovskiy ◽  
Elnur Baloglanov ◽  
Irina Puzich
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Russian Platform ◽  
Sakhalin Island ◽  
Mud Volcano ◽  
And Behavior

<p></p><p> <span>REEs concentrations in mud volcanic waters were normalized to RPSC (Russian Platform of Shale Composite).</span> <sub></sub><span>On the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky mud volcano (Sakhalin Island, Russia), along with the sampling for analysis of REEs concentrations, hydrogeochemical monitoring was also conducted.</span> </p>

scholarly journals UAV survey method to monitor and analyze geological hazards: the case study of the mud volcano of Villaggio Santa Barbara, Caltanissetta (Sicily)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2881-2898
Author(s):  
Fabio Brighenti ◽  
Francesco Carnemolla ◽  
Danilo Messina ◽  
Giorgio De Guidi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Mud Volcano ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Deformation Processes

Abstract. Active geological processes often generate a ground surface response such as uplift, subsidence and faulting/fracturing. Nowadays remote sensing represents a key tool for the evaluation and monitoring of natural hazards. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in relation to observations of natural hazards encompasses three main stages: pre- and post-event data acquisition, monitoring, and risk assessment. The mud volcano of Santa Barbara (Municipality of Caltanissetta, Italy) represents a dangerous site because on 11 August 2008 a paroxysmal event caused serious damage to infrastructures within a range of about 2 km. The main precursors to mud volcano paroxysmal events are uplift and the development of structural features with dimensions ranging from centimeters to decimeters. Here we present a methodology for monitoring deformation processes that may be precursory to paroxysmal events at the Santa Barbara mud volcano. This methodology is based on (i) the data collection, (ii) the structure from motion (SfM) processing chain and (iii) the M3C2-PM algorithm for the comparison between point clouds and uncertainty analysis with a statistical approach. The objective of this methodology is to detect precursory activity by monitoring deformation processes with centimeter-scale precision and a temporal frequency of 1–2 months.

Electron microscopy and diffraction studies of polyimides

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
O.C. de Hodgins ◽  
K. R. Lawless ◽  
R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Polyimide Films ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Polymeric Samples

Commercial polyimide films have shown to be homogeneous on a scale of 5 to 200 nm. The observation of Skybond (SKB) 705 and PI5878 was carried out by using a Philips 400, 120 KeV STEM. The objective was to elucidate the structural features of the polymeric samples. The specimens were spun and cured at stepped temperatures in an inert atmosphere and cooled slowly for eight hours. TEM micrographs showed heterogeneities (or nodular structures) generally on a scale of 100 nm for PI5878 and approximately 40 nm for SKB 705, present in large volume fractions of both specimens. See Figures 1 and 2. It is possible that the nodulus observed may be associated with surface effects and the structure of the polymers be regarded as random amorphous arrays. Diffraction patterns of the matrix and the nodular areas showed different amorphous ring patterns in both materials. The specimens were viewed in both bright and dark fields using a high resolution electron microscope which provided magnifications of 100,000X or more on the photographic plates if desired.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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