Population structure and conservation strategy of Rafflesia zollingeriana Koord. in Bandealit Resort, Meru Betiri National Park

The study was conducted in Kafta-Shiraro in Northern region of Ethiopia. The study uses two important parameters to realize the objective of the study investigating themanagement and integration of the park, one is studying and explaining the community perceptions towards elephant (flagship species) conservation in Kafta Shiraro National Park (KSNP) and secondly compare and contrast the population structure and density of the (economically important plant) Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) Hochst inside and outside of the protected areas and the study contribute to the scientific bases for improved management of biodiversity and its conservation system. A total of 100 households were selected from 10 villages using a stratified random sampling. A rapid vegetation assessment survey was conducted in two Boswellia stands, inside the park and outside the park at villages in order to examine the status of the resource base. A total of 40 sample plots of size 20 X 20 m were laid at regular interval along parallel transects with smaller sample plots of size 5 X 5 m nested in the center of each plot for regeneration count. The conflicts between humans and wildlife in KSNP have been getting worse over time and underline the need to find a workable solution to stop the progress of encroaching human activities that are core factors in the conflict. The underlying factors were found to be free encroachment into the wildlife home ranges, mainly for cultivation and dry wood collection. The factors that contributed to the poor conservation of African elephant included weak community awareness and understaffed anti-poaching and patrolling team of the KSNP. The improper land use by host settlers locally called “wefrizemet” as well as legal settlers maximizes the level of habitat disturbance (threat of the elephants in the park) due to illegal cultivation with high number of livestock crossing to the park. B. papyrifera population structure illustrates that natural regeneration is lacking in all two study areas. Additionally, the population of Boswellia in the study areas is unstable and under threat due to lack of recruitments through regeneration. Based on the stands structure analysis, it is hypothesized that lack of natural regeneration is primarily caused by livestock grazing pressure and the absence of recruitment is largely caused by lack of seed production by mother trees as the result of intensive tapping of the frankincense. KSNP is deteriorating due to a lack of integration and development cooperation between the Park and the surrounding local community as well as administration the minimal managerial and institutional capacity of the Park, minimal alternative livelihoods for the surrounding communities, inadequate commitment among all officials in taking the Park as an issue of development agenda, absence of legal procedures and understandings on expansion of large scale farms, unplanned and non-integrated land use systems, and a lack of appropriate outreach programs needed to change the attitudes of the surrounding communities. Collaborative Park management is urgently required to rescue KSNP; agreement should be made from National to Woreda level stakeholders.

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Population characteristics and habitat suitability of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Khao Yai National Park, Thailand

European Journal of Ecology ◽

10.2478/eje-2019-0012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 62-71

Author(s):

Mananya Pla-ard ◽

Ronglarp Sukmasuang ◽

Khanchit Srinopawan

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Habitat Suitability ◽

National Park ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Line Transect ◽

Suitable Habitat ◽

Annual Data ◽

Wet Season ◽

Khao Yai National Park ◽

Combined Data

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the population and habitat of wild elephants in the Khao Yai National Park, to provide elephant population densities using the line transect method. Habitat suitability was also assessed based on the data obtained from the location of the species during monthly ranger patrol across the park area, with the rate of dung decay used for population calculation. The population structure and age class were studied by direct observation to estimate the population trend. On the basis of 116 systematic transect lines that were 2 km in length and separated by 500-m intervals, a total of 1,209 elephant dung piles were found in more than 213.20 km. The analysis of the combined data showed that the dung density was 531.49 dung piles/km2, with a decay rate of 0.0039 dung piles/day based on 56 dung piles checked every 7 days. The annual data showed that the population density was 0.15 individuals/km2. The population structure comprising calf:juvenile:subadult:adult was 1: 1.09:1.14:2.10; the sex ratio of adult male to adult female elephants was 1:1.10; and the ratio of reproductive ability among adult females, juveniles, and calves was 1.00:0.99:0.90. The combined data also showed that the main environmental factor affecting the presence of the animals was salt lick sites. The pooled data analysis found that the habitat most suitable for the elephants covered an area of 220.59 km2. The habitat suitability, based on the dry season appearance data, covered an area of 258.64 km2, whereas during the wet season, it covered an area of 517.45 km2. As the most suitable habitat for elephants appears around the park boundary, habitat improvements for wild elephants should address the central areas of the national park. A greater emphasis should be placed on creating salt licks, being far from human activity sites.

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The Rabbit in Subalpine South-eastern Australia. I. Population Structure and Productivity

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr9740001 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

DJ Dunsmore

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

National Park ◽

Initial Level ◽

Adult Survival ◽

South Eastern ◽

Breeding Group ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Domestic Livestock ◽

A Site ◽

Better Than

An unconfined, almost completely tagged rabbit population on a site of about 100 ha was studied by observation and trapping for 5 years. The commencement of the study coincided approximately with the incorporation of the area into the Kosciusko National Park, the elimination of grazing by domestic livestock, and the cessation of the previously almost annual burning of the area. During the 5-yr study the fecundity of the rabbits declined to little more than half the initial level. This was not a result of the concurrently increasing age of the population, which was shown to be quite unrelated. It was also shown that the 1yr old rabbits were less fecund than the older rabbits, whose fecundity remained constant. Although it appeared subjectively to be so, the area was not uniformly suitable for the survival of rabbits. In one of its four subdivisions adult survival was much better than in the others; and in one of the others it was much the worst. During the study there was considerable immigration to the area, presumably balanced by migration. Females tended to remain where they were born and in no case changed from one breeding group to another. Males were considerably less sedentary than the females.

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Population structure and ecology of the African buffalo (Syncerus cafferSparrman, 1779) in Chebera Churchura National Park, Ethiopia

African Journal of Ecology ◽

10.1111/aje.12049 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 393-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aberham Megaze ◽

Gurja Belay ◽

Mundanthra Balakrishnan

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

National Park ◽

African Buffalo

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The effect of different fire treatments on the population structure and density of the Marula,Sclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) subsp.caffra(Sond.)kokwaro(Kokwaro & Gillet 1980) in the Kruger National Park

African Journal of Range and Forage Science ◽

10.2989/10220110109485750 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 13-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

OS Jacobs ◽

R Biggs

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

National Park ◽

Kruger National Park ◽

Sclerocarya Birrea

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The Biodiversity Status and Conservation Activities of Singra National Park (SNP) in the Link of Co-Management Strategy

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i1030256 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 136-146

Author(s):

M. M. Ali ◽

N. Akter ◽

M. R. Kabir ◽

M. M. Hasan ◽

M. M. Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Biodiversity Loss ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Forest Flora ◽

The People ◽

Floral Diversity ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Interview Methods ◽

Vegetation Composition And Structure

This paper emphasizes the trend of biodiversity and their conservation strategy of Singra National Park (SNP), which is very well known for its characteristics as deciduous forest. Two types of studies were conducted: (i) Study of the vegetation composition and structure and (ii) conservation strategy of the Forest. In the first study, the diversity of plant (trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers) and animal (birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals) species were measured. A stratified random quadrat method was employed to determine the floral diversity. A total of 32 plant species were recorded including 19 tree species, 5 herbs, 4 shrubs and four climbers. Inventory of fauna species was conducted using a combination of transect walk/ opportunistic and ethno zoological interview methods. Total 28 animal species were recorded of which 13 were birds, 3 were amphibians, 6 were reptiles and 6 were mammals. With regard to the quantitative attributes of total flora and fauna species, the highest number was found in trees (mean, 126.00) and the lowest number was found in mammals (mean, 7.00). The result showed very high significant variation among them. The second study examined the management of the forest, causes of biodiversity loss, administrative problems with management of wildlife. Data were collected from the SNPauthority and questionnaire survey among local people in the study area. It was evident from the study that the people around the forest collect forest flora and fauna illegally. The people are not aware of the importance of forest in various aspects like social, economic, ecological and environmental domains. Forest authorities are trying to involve the people in and around the forest to co-management for conservation and restoration of the forest.

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Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterrenea L) landraces using DArT SNP markers

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0253600

Author(s):

Charles U. Uba ◽

Happiness O. Oselebe ◽

Abush A. Tesfaye ◽

Wosene G. Abtew

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

West Africa ◽

East Africa ◽

Unknown Origin ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Bambara Groundnut ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Population Structure Analysis ◽

Geographical Regions

Understanding the genetic structure and diversity of crops facilitates progress in plant breeding. A collection of 270 bambara groundnut (Vigna subterrenea L) landraces sourced from different geographical regions (Nigeria/Cameroon, West, Central, Southern and East Africa) and unknown origin (sourced from United Kingdom) was used to assess genetic diversity, relationship and population structure using DArT SNP markers. The major allele frequency ranged from 0.57 for unknown origin to 0.91 for West Africa region. The total gene diversity (0.482) and Shannon diversity index (0.787) was higher in West African accessions. The genetic distance between pairs of regions varied from 0.002 to 0.028 with higher similarity between Nigeria/Cameroon-West Africa accessions and East-Southern Africa accessions. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed 89% of genetic variation within population, 8% among regions and 3% among population. The genetic relatedness among the collections was evaluated using neighbor joining tree analysis, which grouped all the geographic regions into three major clusters. Three major subgroups of bambara groundnut were identified using the ADMIXTURE model program and confirmed by discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). These subgroups were West Africa, Nigeria/Cameroon and unknown origin that gave rise to sub-population one, and Central Africa was sub-population two, while Southern and East Africa were sub-population three. In general, the results of all the different analytical methods used in this study confirmed the existence of high level of diversity among the germplasm used in this study that might be utilized for future genetic improvement of bambara groundnut. The finding also provides new insight on the population structure of African bambara groundnut germplasm which will help in conservation strategy and management of the crop.

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Ecology and Conservation of the Endangered Banteng (Bos javanicus) in Indonesia Tropical Lowland Forest

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences ◽

10.4308/hjb.26.2.68 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Dede Aulia Rahman ◽

Riki Herliansyah ◽

Puji Rianti ◽

Ujang Mamat Rahmat ◽

Asep Yayus Firdaus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Habitat Preferences ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Ecological Data ◽

Lowland Forest ◽

Bos Javanicus ◽

Distribution Point

Banteng, Bos javanicus, as wild cattle is a vital and importance source of germplasm in Indonesia. Various human activities currently threaten their conservation status. Nonetheless, no long-term monitoring programmes are in place for this species. Using distribution point and statistical analysis based on 46,116 camera trap days from December 2015 to January 2017, we aimed to provide habitat preferences, activity patterns and ecological data for banteng population in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP). It is the largest population of banteng in Indonesia and is living in a limited habitat area. According to the best occupancy model, the most suitable areas for this species were the secondary forest located at the center portion of UKNP. The presence of the invasive cluster sugar palm, Arenga obtusifolia, in dry season provides additional alternative food for banteng when its main food is scarcer in the forest. Banteng was cathemeral all year round, with the proportion of cathemeral records and the recording rate did not change with the protection of the level area, moon phase or season. To reduce the probability of encountering predators, banteng avoided the space use of dholes. Selection and avoidance of habitats was stronger than avoidance of the predator activity areas. Habitat competition from domestic cattle which grazed illegally in the national park appears to be a problem to the species since zoonosis appears from domestic cattle to banteng. Therefore, eﬀective law enforcement and an adequate conservation strategy are required to eliminate the impacts of both direct and indirect threats.

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Population Structure Analysis of Javan Rhinoceros at Ujung Kulon National Park, West Java

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v26n2.2020.p103-108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra ◽

Mochamad Syamsudin ◽

Asep Yayus Firdaus

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Structure Analysis ◽

National Park ◽

Birth Rate ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Natural Increase ◽

Population Number ◽

Population Structure Analysis ◽

Inbreeding Rate ◽

Endangered Status

<p>Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is one of the rare animals with critically endangered status. The Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP) is one of javan rhino habitat in Indonesia. Every year the monitoring program for javan rhino in UKNP was performed to identify the animals. This research was aimed to analyze the population structure of javan rhino based on the records data from 2011 to 2019 in UKNP. Research showed that the natural increase (NI) and birth rate (BR) values were 17.34% (moderate) and 67.33% (high) respectively. The net return rate (NRR) value was 15.38% (male) and 14.28% (female). The NRR value in the present study was lower than 100% and caused by less number of animals in a population for 30 years of breeding length. Despite this, the inbreeding rate of javan rhino at UKNP in 2019 was 0.01 (low). It was concluded that the natural increase of javan rhino at UKNP showed a good parameter but the population number needs to be increased.</p>

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