scholarly journals Study on upper limit solution and its application on bearing capacity of rock slope foundation

2020 ◽  
Vol 570 ◽  
pp. 062004
Author(s):  
Shulin Li ◽  
Yinchi Liu ◽  
Chao Tang ◽  
Yun Cao ◽  
Jianlin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Limit Solution

The scattering of gamma-rays in extended media I. Perpendicular incidence on a plane slab

1950 ◽  
Vol 204 (1077) ◽  
pp. 223-259 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solution ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Photoelectric Effect ◽  
Pair Creation ◽  
Compton Effect ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Limit Solution ◽  
Plane Slab ◽  
Perpendicular Incidence

As the simplest problem involving the multiple scattering of gamma-rays, the case of perpendicular incidence on a plane slab has been studied by various simple theoretical methods. No exact solution is available as a test of these methods, but approximations of increasing accuracy, known to give too small a dose under the slab, have been combined with a theoretical upper limit for the dose, forming a zone in which the exact solution must lie. Most of the methods tested could be used even if pair-creation or the photoelectric effect gave an appreciable absorption, though for simplicity the computations have been carried out for pure Compton scattering and for quantum energies of a few MeV. Polarization by the Compton effect has been neglected. The best of the simple methods is a modification of the upper limit solution; in problems where this is too difficult to formulate, a good alternative is to calculate the dose from unscattered and once-scattered quanta, giving the latter the penetrating power of the incident quanta and the maximum possible energy-absorption cross-section.

PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL LIMIT ANALYSES

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1342008 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO T. SIMÕES ◽  
LUÍS C. NEVES ◽  
ARMANDO N. ANTÃO ◽  
NUNO M. C. GUERRA
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Latin Hypercube Sampling ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Heterogeneous Soil ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Undrained Conditions

Strip shallow foundations on random heterogeneous soil responding in undrained conditions are analyzed using three-dimensional upper limit analysis and Latin Hypercube sampling. The results obtained considering the three-dimensional variability of soil are compared with results using plane models, showing significant differences in terms of both mean and standard deviation of bearing capacity. An averaged two-dimensional model fitted to a small set of three-dimensional samples is shown to yield accurate predictions of the bearing capacity distribution.

Graves'-Basedow disease in pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Andersen ◽  
P. Laurberg
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
National Study ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
Maternal Thyroid ◽  
Toxic Reactions ◽  
Serum Tsh

SummaryThyroid hormones are essential development factors and maternal thyroid dysfunction may cause pregnancy complications and diseases in the fetus/child. In the present review we discuss new data on the incidence of Graves'-Basedow disease (GBD) in and around pregnancy, and how hyperthyroidism may affect the risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth.A special concern in pregnant women is the potential side effects from the use of antithyroid drugs (ATDs). One type of side effects is the allergic/toxic reactions to the drugs, which seem to be similar in and outside pregnancy, and another is that ATDs tend to over treat the fetus when the mother with GBD is made euthyroid. To avoid fetal hypothyroidism, the lowest possible ATD dose should be used to keep maternal thyroid function at the upper limit of normality with low serum TSH. Birth defects after the use of methimazole (MMI) (or its prodrug carbimazole) have been considered to be very rare, and no risk has previously been associated with the use of propylthiouracil (PTU). However, a recent Danish national study found that 1/30 of children exposed to MMI in early pregnancy had birth defects associated with this, and many defects were severe. PTU exposure was associated with defects in 1/40, and these defects were less severe. Proposals are given on how to reduce the risk of ATD associated birth defects.

Quantitative Radioisotope Measurement of Duodenogastric Reflux in Patients with Ulcer or Gastrectomized for Ulcer

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
M. Pääkkönen ◽  
S. Aukee ◽  
K. Korhonen ◽  
A. Pääkkönen ◽  
E. Länsimies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Background Activity ◽  
Bile Reflux ◽  
Duodenogastric Reflux ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Biochemical Measurement

SummaryIn this work the duodenogastric reflux was quantified as the amount of radioactivity entering the stomach after an i.v. administration of 99mmTc-HIDA in ulcer patients and in patients who had undergone BI gastrectomy. The results were compared with visual evidence of gastric activity in the gamma camera images and biochemical determination of gastric bile reflux. The method is useful in quantifying the reflux if the activity is above the background activity. It allows the determination of an upper limit for the reflux when the reflux is evident visually. Only two or three images are needed for the quantitation. No correlation was found between biochemical measurement of fasting bile reflux in the stomach and radioisotopic quantification.

Vitamin-A-Exzess durch Pferdefleischprodukte mit hohen Leberanteilen

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
E. Kienzle ◽  
N. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Eine Analyse ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Upper Limits

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen einer Eliminationsdiät wird regelmäßig Pferdefleisch eingesetzt. Aus Gründen der Praktikabilität verwenden Tierbesitzer häufig kommerziell erhältliches Pferdefleisch aus der Dose. Aufgrund eines Berichts von Zervikalspondylosen bei einer auf Futtermittel allergischen Katze erfolgte eine Analyse verschiedener auf Pferdefleisch basierender Produkte hinsichtlich des Vitamin-AGehalts.In 14 Pferdefleischerzeugnissen wurde der Vitamin-A-Gehalt (Retinol) analysiert. Der Gehalt an umsetzbarer Energie wurde mithilfe von Schätzformeln auf Basis der Deklaration berechnet.In Produkten mit deklarierten Anteilen von Leber, Innereien oder tierischen Nebenprodukten konnten zum Teil erhebliche Vitamin-A-Gehalte festgestellt werden. Bei alleiniger Verfütterung eines dieser Produkte (Deckung des durchschnittlichen Energiebedarfs) würde die Vitamin-A-Versorgung nur knapp unter dem Safe Upper Limit der Katze sowie oberhalb des Safe Upper Limits beim Hund liegen.Bei All-Meat-Produkten sollte nicht nur die Deklaration, sondern auch der Inhalt näher betrachtet werden, um einen Hinweis auf eventuell hohe Leberanteile zu erhalten.Aufgrund der Ergebnisse ist eine exzessive Vitamin-A-Aufnahme bei langfristiger Verfütterung von Pferdefleischprodukten mit hohen Leberanteilen nicht auszuschließen.

An International Collaborative Study to Investigate Standardisation of Hirudin Potency

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (05) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Longstaff ◽  
Man-Yu Wong ◽  
Patrick J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
International Collaborative ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
International Collaborative Study

SummaryAn international collaborative study has been carried out to investigate the reproducibility of hirudin assays in 13 laboratories using four recombinant hirudins and one natural, sulphated product. A simple assay procedure was proposed involving the titration of α-thrombin with inhibitor and measurement of residual activity using a chromogenic substrate. A standard α-thrombin preparation was supplied to ensure that this reagent was of uniform quality throughout the study. The method appeared to present no difficulties and laboratories reported similar potencies for the 5 hirudin samples, in line with expected values. This gave 200–222 Thrombin Inhibitory Units/ampoule (TIU/ampoule) of lyophilised hirudin, with geometric coefficient of variation (gcv) values ranging from 10.15–15.97%. This corresponds to specific activities of approximately 14,300–15,900 TIU/mg protein. This is close to the upper limit of previously reported values of specific activity. We conclude that the precision of this determination compared with the wider range of values in the literature (8,000–16,000 thrombin inhibitory units [TIU]/mg) results from the use of good quality standard α-thrombin by all laboratories. This study has important implications for hirudin standardisation.

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