Molybdenum Extraction from Spent Catalyst Using Citric Acid: Characteristic and Kinetics Study

Lithium ion batteries are commonly used as power sources for mobile phone, but by using it continually will degrade their capabilities. Battery replacements will cause a lot of waste in environment. Spent lithium ion batteries cathode contain heavy metals, such as cobalt and nickel. However it is also included as valuable metals thus recovery process is necessary. In this research, hydrometallurgical leaching process has been done for recovery of cobalt and nickel from spent lithium ion batteries using citric acid as a leaching agent by varying citric acid concentration (0.5-1 M), reaction temperature (50-80) and reaction time (5-20 minutes). The spent lithium ion batteries were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The result showed that the leaching of lithium ion batteries using citric acid was depend on citric acid concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time. Based on kinetics study, the leaching reaction of cobalt and nickel from cathode powder using citric acid was chemically controlled process and the activation energy of cobalt and nickel were 67.12 kJ/mole and 58.22 kJ/mole. The reaction order of leaching cobalt and nickel using citric acid was first-order reaction.

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Pengambilan Lantanum dan Nikel dari Katalis Bekas Menggunakan Asam Sitrat: Peninjauan Performa secara Kuantitatif Menggunakan Response Surface Method (Lantanum and Nickel Recovery from Spent Catalyst Using Citric Acid : Quantitative Performance......)

Metalurgi ◽

10.14203/metalurgi.v33i2.437 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 91 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus ◽

Ardyanto Wijaya ◽

Yusuf Iskandar ◽

Danu Bratakusuma ◽

Hendrik Setiawan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Response Surface ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Model Fitting ◽

Raw Material ◽

Spent Catalyst ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Nickel Recovery ◽

Leaching Process

Heavy metals and Rare earth elements (REEs) are nowadays being used widely in many industries from electronics to petroleum industries as catalysts. However, their disposal caused serious problems to the environment. With the sharp growth in its usage, there is a better way to use and utilize valuable metals from secondary sources such as their disposal rather than using new raw materials. The aim of this work is to study the potential of citric acid as a leaching agent to extract lanthanum and nickel in various acid concentration and leaching temperature. The raw material used in this work is spent catalyst from Pertamina Refinery Unit VI, Balongan, Indonesia. The spent catalyst is decarbonized with a heat treatment at 725°C for 10 minutes before the leaching process. The leaching process used 0.1; 1; and 2 M of citric acid with a varied temperature of 30, 60, and 80°C. The lanthanum recovery was calculated by comparing the mass percentage of lanthanum before leaching process and after leaching process using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The results were analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM) and are proved to be a reliable method to depict and analyze the leaching characteristics. The molarity of the citric acid is the most significant independent variables used in the research for lanthanum recovery response. However, based on the Pareto analysis result there are no significant variables that affect the recovery of nickel. The second order polynomial fitting model is also proved to be compatible with the response of lanthanum recovery but is less compatible with nickel recovery. AbstrakPengambilan logam tanah jarang dan logam berat dari sumber sekunder (katalis bekas, limbah padat industri, dan abu terbang) menjadi alternatif karena pertimbangan lingkungan dan ketersediaan bijih di alam yang semakin sedikit. Pertimbangan tersebut yang mendasari studi tentang pengambilan lantanum dan nikel dari katalis bekas dengan menggunakan asam asetat. Bahan untuk penelitian ini adalah katalis bekas dari Penyulingan Pertamina Unit VI, Balongan. Sebelum pelindian dilakukan, katalis bekas didekarbonasi dengan perlakuan panas pada 725 °C selama 10 menit. Proses pelindian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan suhu dan konsentrasi asam asetat. Hasil eksperimen ditinjau menggunakanRSM (response surface methodology) dan terbukti sebagai metode yang dapat diandalkan untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisis karakter proses pelindian. Molaritas asam merupakan variabel independen yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi respon dalam pengambilan lantanum. Walaupun begitu, berdasarkan hasil analisis Pareto, tidak ada variabel yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi pengambilan nikel. Model fitting polinomial orde dua juga terbukti cocok dengan respon proses pengambilan lantanum daripada nikel. Hasil RSM menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum dari ekstraksilantanum dan nikel adalah pada pH 2 dan suhu 45 оC dimana lantanum dapat 100% terambil dan nikel sebanyak 60%.

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Recovery of cobalt and molybdenum from spent catalyst using citric acid

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/882/1/012006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 882 (1) ◽

pp. 012006

Author(s):

M E C Nugroho ◽

Sutijan ◽

A Prasetya ◽

W Astuti

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Spent Catalyst ◽

Citric Acid Concentration ◽

Metal Compounds ◽

Industrial Sectors ◽

Liquid Phases ◽

Valuable Metals ◽

Spent Catalysts ◽

Leaching Condition

Abstract Valuable metals play essential roles in various industrial sectors, such as petroleum, petrochemical, and steel industries. Potential secondary resources of these metals can be obtained from spent catalysts, which are a solid waste of the chemical and oil industries. Spent catalysts contain valuable metal compounds such as nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), alumina (Al), etc. In this research, the recovery of cobalt and molybdenum from the spent catalyst of Pertamina Refinery Unit IV, Cilacap, Indonesia, was leaching using citric acid. Samples of spent catalyst were analyzed using EDXRF prior to the leaching process. Citric acid at various concentrations of 1.0, 1.5 and 2 M was used as a leaching agent. The leaching experiment was carried out for 300 minutes and sampling was undertaken at 1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 90 and 300 minutes. Each sample was separated between solid and liquid phases using a centrifuge at 400 rpm for 10 minutes. For analysis, 2 ml of the liquid phase was taken and the cobalt and molybdenum concentrations were analyzed using ICP-OES. It was found that at higher the citric acid concentration and temperature, the recovery of cobalt and molybdenum was also higher. The best leaching condition is obtained at a citric acid concentration of 2 M and 60ºC, where recovery of cobalt and molybdenum were 17.35% and 2.27%, respectively.

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Vanadium removal from spent sulfuric acid plant catalyst using citric acid and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s43452-020-00136-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Bartosz Mikoda ◽

Anna Potysz ◽

Harry Kucha ◽

Ewa Kmiecik

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Acid Leaching ◽

Copper Smelter ◽

Pulp Density ◽

Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽

Acid Plant ◽

Spent Catalyst ◽

Sulfuric Acid Plant

Abstract Spent catalysts being considered hazardous wastes exhibit a high metal content in mobile forms. In addition, growing demand for circular economy policy applications requires proper utilization of these wastes. This study aimed at the assessment of vanadium leaching from spent desulfurization catalyst derived from sulfuric acid plant dump located nearby a copper smelter. Chemical and phase composition of the catalyst has been characterized. The extraction has been performed using chemical (0.1-M and 1-M citric acid) and biological (biotic solution with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans) methods, using different experimental parameters (pulp density, particle size, leaching time) to observe V leaching behavior and kinetics. The results revealed that both citric acid and bacteria carried out the extraction process well. The optimal parameters for acid leaching were < 0.2-mm particle size and 2% pulp density, which allowed to leach out 95% of V from spent catalyst within 48 h. The bacterially mediated extraction resulted in 93% V leached out within 21 days with 2% pulp density. The experiments showed that V present in the catalyst is susceptible to bioleaching and organic acid leaching with the latter being a quicker process.

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Novel Method for Making Citric Acid, Rust Used in New Base for Paint, and more

Scientific American ◽

10.1038/scientificamerican1229-545 ◽

1929 ◽

Vol 141 (6) ◽

pp. 545-547

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Novel Method

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Pulse radiolysis of polymers in aqueous solution. Kinetics study

Journal de Chimie Physique ◽

10.1051/jcp/1997940244 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

pp. 244-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

I Janik ◽

P Kujawa ◽

P Ulanski ◽

JM Rosiak

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Pulse Radiolysis ◽

Kinetics Study ◽

Solution Kinetics

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Coadministration of citric acid allows oxytetracycline dose reduction in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata infected with Vibrio anguillarum

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao03485 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 140 ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

K Akiyama ◽

N Hirazawa ◽

A Hatanaka

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Dose Reduction ◽

Vibrio Anguillarum ◽

Enhancing Effect ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Seriola Quinqueradiata ◽

Poor Efficacy

Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been commonly used as an effective antibiotic against various fish bacterial diseases, including vibriosis. In this study, the absorption-enhancing effect of citric acid on oral OTC pharmacokinetics and treatment of artificial Vibrio anguillarum infection was evaluated in juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata followed by serum OTC concentration analysis. When 25 mg kg-1 body weight (BW) OTC was administered in combination with 1250 mg kg-1 BW citric acid, the serum OTC concentration reached almost the same concentration as that of the group treated with 50 mg kg-1 BW OTC. This coadministration successfully suppressed mortality due to vibriosis similar to the group treated with 50 mg kg-1 BW OTC. Conversely, poor efficacy was observed when only 25 mg kg-1 BW OTC was administered. These results suggest that coadministration of citric acid can be beneficial in reducing the dose of OTC needed for effective treatment, and thus contributes to the goal of reduced use of this antibiotic in aquaculture.

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