Coadministration of citric acid allows oxytetracycline dose reduction in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata infected with Vibrio anguillarum

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
K Akiyama ◽  
N Hirazawa ◽  
A Hatanaka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Seriola Quinqueradiata ◽  
Poor Efficacy

Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been commonly used as an effective antibiotic against various fish bacterial diseases, including vibriosis. In this study, the absorption-enhancing effect of citric acid on oral OTC pharmacokinetics and treatment of artificial Vibrio anguillarum infection was evaluated in juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata followed by serum OTC concentration analysis. When 25 mg kg-1 body weight (BW) OTC was administered in combination with 1250 mg kg-1 BW citric acid, the serum OTC concentration reached almost the same concentration as that of the group treated with 50 mg kg-1 BW OTC. This coadministration successfully suppressed mortality due to vibriosis similar to the group treated with 50 mg kg-1 BW OTC. Conversely, poor efficacy was observed when only 25 mg kg-1 BW OTC was administered. These results suggest that coadministration of citric acid can be beneficial in reducing the dose of OTC needed for effective treatment, and thus contributes to the goal of reduced use of this antibiotic in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Utilitas Asam Organik Sari Belimbing Wuluh dan Asam Sitrat Sintetis Sebagai Acidifier Terhadap Performa Produksi Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) Fase Grower

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Hamdan Has ◽  
Astriana Napirah ◽  
Widhi Kurniawan ◽  
La Ode Nafiu ◽  
Takdir Saili
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Randomized Design

ABSTRAKPenggunaan acidifier baik organik atau sintetis dapat meningkatkan optimalisasi nutrien di dalam saluran pencernaan.  Optimalisasi nutrien diharapkan dapat meningkatkan performa ternak khususnya puyuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan dua macam acidifier terhadap performa puyuh fase grower. 100 ekor unsexed puyuh (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) fase grower umur 14-40 hari digunakan dalam penelitian yang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Bahan pakan yang digunakan adalah jagung kuning, dedak, konsentrat puyuh komersil, sari belimbing wuluh, dan asam sitrat sintetis. Perlakuan yang dicobakan terdiri dari perlakuan kontrol (P0), penggunaan 0,3% asam sitrat sintetis (P1), penggunaan 0,25% sari belimbing wuluh (P2), penggunaan 0,6% asam sitrat sintetis (P3), dan penggunaan 0,5% sari belimbing wuluh (P4). Variabel yang diamati adalah konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi ransum mingguan. Penggunaan sari belimbing wuluh memiliki konsumsi pakan yang lebih rendah  (P<0,05) pada minggu pertama dibanding kontrol dan asam sitrat sintetis.  Penggunaan asam sitrat sintetis meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan pada minggu pertama (P<0,05). Penggunaan asam sitrat sintetis nyata dapat menurunkan konversi pakan minggu ke tiga dan empat dibanding kontrol dan asam organik belimbing wuluh. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu penggunaan sari belimbing wuluh sebagai acidifier belum menunjukkan perbaikan performa yang signifikan sedangkan penggunaan asam sitrat sintetis memiliki performa yang lebih baik dibanding perlakuan kontrol dan penggunaan sari belimbing wuluh.Kata kunci: acidifier, asam sitrat, belimbing wuluh, puyuh fase growerABSTRACTThe organic and synthetic acidifiers could improve the optimization of nutrients utilization in the quail digestive tract. Furthermore, the optimization of nutrients is expected to improve quail performance. This study was aimed to determine the effect of using two types of acidifiers (Averrhoa bilimbi juice and synthetic citric acid) on the grower phase of quail performance. Total of 100 unsexed quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) grower phase aged 14-40 days were used in this research and designed as a completely randomized design of five treatments and four replications. Feed ingredients used were yellow corn, rice bran, commercial quail concentrate, Averrhoa bilimbi juice (organic acidifier), and synthetic citric acid. The treatments consisted of control (P0), 0.3% synthetic citric acid (P1), use of 0.25% Averrhoa bilimbi juice (P2), use of 0.6% synthetic citric acid (P3), and use of 0.5% Averrhoa bilimbi juice (P4). The variables observed were weekly feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion. The result showed that utilization of Averrhoa bilimbi juice has lower feed consumption (P<0.05) in the first week compare to control and synthetic citric acid, and synthetic citric acid utilization increases body weight gain in the first week (P<0.05). The use of synthetic citric acid significantly reduces feed conversion in the third and fourth weeks compared to control and organic acid groups. The conclusion of this study is the utilization of Averrhoa bilimbi juice as an acidifier has not shown significant improvements in quail performance. The use of synthetic citric acid has a better performance compared to control and Averrhoa bilimbi juice utilization.Keywords: acidifier, organic acidifier, citric acid, growing quail

scholarly journals Profil Plumbum (Pb) dan Cadmium (Cd) sebagai Kontaminan Dampak Penggunaan Agrokimia serta Remediasi Biji Kedelai Menggunakan Swelling Agent pada Khelasi dengan Asam Sitrat

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sapto Priyadi ◽  
Purnama Darmaji ◽  
Umar Santoso ◽  
Pudji Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Swelling Agent ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This research were aimed to know the plumbum (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) profile on soybean seeds as contaminants of the impact use of agrochemistry material impact and to know of swelling agent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) needs at certain level of pH in chelation with citric acid. The results showed that the content of Pb in soybean seeds at cultivation system agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.63 ppm, while cultivation system without agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.46 ppm. Cd content in soybean seeds at cultivation system agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.05 ppm and the cultivation system without agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.1 ppm. Acceptable daily intake in terms of Pb content in soybean after treatment increases to 2.93 times compared before treatment (11.3379 to 33.2099 g per body weight per day). Acceptable daily intake in terms of the content of the Cd in soybean after treatment increases to 5.26 times compared before treatment. The value of the bio-concentration factor which expressed an accumulation of Pb in soybean seeds on both cultivation is low system (BCF<250), while for Cd is a moderate to high level (1.000<BCF>250). Cd reduction on soybeans seeds for all chelation treatment was maximum (not detected-detection limits was 0.01 ppm), while the highest reduction of Pb occurs at swelling agent N, N-dimethylformamide 15 mL at pH 10.

Dose reduction of edoxaban preserves efficacy and safety for the treatment of venous thromboembolism

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Wells ◽  
Annelise Segers ◽  
Walter Ageno ◽  
Marjolein P. A. Brekelmans ◽  
Alexander T. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Recurrent Vte ◽  
Glycoprotein Inhibitors

SummaryDirect oral anticoagulants simplify venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment by obviating the need for coagulation monitoring. Nonetheless, renal function, body weight and P-glycoprotein inhibitors influence drug levels. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether reduction in edoxaban dose based on clinical criteria avoids excess drug exposure and preserves efficacy and safety in the Hokusai-VTE study. After initial heparin, patients received edoxaban or warfarin for 3-12 months. Edoxaban was given once daily at a dose of 60 mg, which was reduced to 30 mg in patients with a creatinine clearance of 30–50 ml/minute, body weight ≤60 kg or receiving certain P-glycoprotein inhibitors. The primary efficacy outcome was recurrent VTE and the principal safety outcome was major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding. A total of 8292 patients with acute VTE were randomised, 733 and 719 patients in the edoxaban and warfarin groups met the criteria for dose reduction. These patients were older, more often female or Asian and had more extensive VTE. Edoxaban levels were lower in the 30 mg edoxaban group. Rates of recurrent VTE and bleeding with the 30 mg and 60 mg edoxaban dose were comparable: VTE rates were 3.0 % and 3.2 % and clinically relevant bleeding rates were 7.9 % and 8.6 %, respectively. Rates of recurrent VTE and bleeding in the warfarin-treated patients meeting the criteria for dose reduction were 4.2 % and 12.8 %, respectively. The reduced dose edoxaban regimen maintained efficacy and safety compared with the 60 mg dose but was safer than warfarin in patients meeting the criteria for dose reduction.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.

The Effect of Ethanol on the Cough Reflex

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
H. Berkowitz ◽  
J. Reichel ◽  
C. Shim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Cough Reflex ◽  
Ethanol Abuse ◽  
Marked Suppression

1. Coughing was induced in ten healthy subjects with various threshold concentrations of nebulized citric acid. The citric acid aerosol method of cough induction proved a reliable and reproducible tool for assessing the cough threshold in an individual. The subjects were retested after consumption of 1 ml of ethanol/kg body weight. Coughing was significantly suppressed in nine of the ten subjects. 2. The marked suppression of the cough reflex by the moderate amounts of ethanol used in this study provides confirmatory evidence for the suspected causal links between ethanol abuse and certain pulmonary infections caused by aspiration.

Male reproductive characteristics of sheep in the Indian arid zone

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
J. P. Mittal ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Desert ◽  
Arid Conditions

SummaryThe influence of various factors like breed, season, level of nutrition, age and body weight was studied in indigenous (Marwari and Magra) and exotic (Corriedale) rams in respect of semen quality and sexual behaviour under the arid conditions of Jodhpur in the Indian desert. None of these factors except breed and level of nutrition affected semen quality. The breeds differed significantly only in respect of percentage abnormal sperms. The values for all the physical characteristics except sperm concentrations wore slightly lower in the Corriedale. Supplementary concentrate feeding resulted in significantly higher concentrations only of fructose and citric acid in the semen. The physical characteristics of the semen were only slightly superior in the feed-supplemented group of animals. The breeds differed significantly in respect of libido characteristics, with the Corriedale exhibiting the longest reaction time and the lowest number of matings in 30 min. These characteristics were, however, not affected by the other factors mentioned above.

Effect of citric acid on electrocardiographic parameters of broiler chickens with pulmonary hypertension

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Hassanpour ◽  
Abdol Moghaddam ◽  
Hamed Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lead Avr ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Cardiac Indices

To clarify the effect of orally administered citric acid on the electrocardiographic parameters of pulmonary hypertensive broilers, chicks were reared at high altitude and treated with citric acid for 45 days. Increase of cardiac indices such as right ventricle/total ventricles (RV/TV), RV/body weight and TV/body weight ratio was not observed in the treated groups as compared to the control groups. Decrease of S amplitude in the treated groups (leads II, III, aVF) was only significant (P < 0.05) at 45 days of age (leads II, aVF; 1.5 g/l of citric acid). There were significant reductions of T amplitude at 28 (lead aVR) and 36 days (lead aVL) and significant reductions of R wave at 28 (lead aVL, all doses of citric acid) and 45 days of age (lead aVR, 1 and 1.5 g/l citric acid) in the treated groups. The QRS interval was significantly higher at 28 (leads III and aVF), 36 (leads II, III and aVF, 1 g/l citric acid) and 45 days of age (leads II and aVF) in the treated groups. The QT interval was significantly (P < 0.05) increased at 28 and 45 days of age (lead aVL) and the RR interval also showed an increase at 28 (leads aVR and aVL) and 45 (lead aVL) days of age as compared to the controls. Our data indicate that citric acid modulates the induction of pulmonary hypertension at high altitude and this effect is detectable in the electrocardiographic parameters.

Dosing of chemotherapy for solid tumors based on ideal body weight versus actual body weight: Review of a military oncology clinic’s practice.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17575-e17575
Author(s):  
Lonnie D. Miller ◽  
Aaron Henderson ◽  
Nicole Vietor ◽  
Benjamin Jacob George
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Significant Inverse Relationship ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Grade 3

e17575 Background: Dose-reductions or “capping” of the body surface area (BSA) at 2.0m2 for chemotherapy due to obesity has been widely practiced throughout oncology due to the concerns about AE in obese patients. In 2012 ASCO published guidelines recommending that full weight-based dosing of chemotherapy be used. This retrospective review was undertaken to evaluate the dosing practices at a major U.S. Army oncology clinic. Methods: Retrospective, random sampling of patients with breast, lung, gastrointestinal and testicular cancer and lymphoma treated at a tertiary military medical center within the last three years. Basic demographic data, cancer type, stage, actual and ideal BSA , incidence of dose-reduction, hematologic data before and after cycle 1, incidence of grade 3-4 toxicity and use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor was recorded. Results: 231 patients (61.9% female, 38.1% male) were included in the analysis (breast 36.4%, lung 19.5%, GI 21.2%, testicular 6.5%, lymphoma 16.5%). The majority of patients were white, 70.6%, with asian, black, hispanic and other making up 2.6%, 13.4%, 1.7% and 11.7% respectively. Seventy-eight had a BSA >2.0m2. No incidences of dose-reduction were identified. Analysis did not show a correlation between differences in actual vs. ideal BSA and toxicity. When other variables were considered, there was a statistically significant inverse relationship between age and grade 3-4 toxicity (p=0.02) although this was deemed clinically insignificant (coefficient of determination <0.25). Conclusions: In a retrospective review of chemotherapy dosing practices in a major military medical center, we found no cases of dose-reduction based on obesity. There was also no significant increased toxicity when patients were dosed according to actual vs ideal body weight in keeping with previously published literature. There was a significant inverse relationship between age and grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity.

scholarly journals Effective Treatment of Acute and Chronic Murine Tuberculosis with Liposome-Encapsulated Clofazimine

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1638-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda B. Adams ◽  
Indu Sinha ◽  
Scott G. Franzblau ◽  
James L. Krahenbuhl ◽  
Reeta T. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Unit Reduction ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT The therapeutic efficacy of liposomal clofazimine (L-CLF) was studied in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosisErdman. Groups of mice were treated with either free clofazimine (F-CLF), L-CLF, or empty liposomes twice a week for five treatments beginning on day 1 (acute), day 21 (established), or day 90 (chronic) postinfection. One day after the last treatment, the numbers of CFU ofM. tuberculosis in the spleen, liver, and lungs were determined. F-CLF at the maximum tolerated dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight was ineffective; however, 10-fold-higher doses of L-CLF demonstrated a dose response with significant CFU reduction in all tissues without any toxic effects. In acutely infected mice, 50 mg of L-CLF/kg reduced CFU 2 to 3 log units in all three organs. In established or chronic infection, treated mice showed no detectable CFU in the spleen or liver and 1- to 2-log-unit reduction in the lungs. A second series of L-CLF treatments cleared M. tuberculosisin all three tissues. L-CLF appears to be bactericidal in the liver and spleen, which remained negative for M. tuberculosis growth for 2 months. Thus, L-CLF could be useful in the treatment of tuberculosis.

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