scholarly journals Prospects for the Cultivation of Vicia Sativa L. in Mixed Crops on Green Manure in Novgorod Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 852 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
K A Ambartsumova
2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN TENOPALA ◽  
FRANCISCO JAVIER GONZÁLEZ ◽  
ERICK DE LA BARRERA

Los cultivos de cobertura y abonos verdes se utilizan en agricultura de temporal para proporcionar protección contra la erosión de los suelos entre temporadas de cultivo y para aumentar el contenido de nutrientes y materia orgánica. Se realizó un experimento en el invernadero para evaluar algunas respuestas fisiológicas del abono verde Vicia sativa a la sequía. El contenido gravimétrico de agua en las hojas, que fue de 80%, no disminuyó durante 24 días de suspensión del riego. Por su parte, el intercambio de gases fue muy sensible a la sequía. Por ejemplo, la asimilación neta de CO2 de 7.8 ± 0.17 μmol m-2 s-1 comenzó a disminuir a los ocho días de suspender el riego, pero se recuperó en cuanto las plantas fueron vueltas a regar. Mientras que la clorofila total no se degradó en las plantas sin riego, estos individuos acumularon 1,000 veces más prolina que el control, cuya concentración del aminoácido fue de 0.41 ± 0.09 μmol g-1. Mediciones de espectroscopía por esparcimiento Raman revelaron diferencias en la acumulación de metabolitos entre el control y las plantas sin riego a los 24 días de suspensión del riego, incluyendo un aumento en el contenido de ácido abscísico, ácido giberélico, ácido indolacético y zeatina. Vicia sativa es capaz de tolerar sequías con duración de un mes y puede ser una alternativa útil para la agricultura en sitios cada vez más secos.


Author(s):  
Y.A. Volkov ◽  
N.N. Klimenko ◽  
E.P. Stranishevskaya ◽  
M.V. Volkova

Для стабильной продуктивности виноградных насаждений необходимо регулярное внесение комплексных удобрений, включающих оптимальный состав элементов питания. В экологически ориентированном виноградарстве (органическом, биодинамическом и т.п.) запрещено использование минеральных легкорастворимых удобрений. При этом для оптимизации питания виноградных насаждений применяют навоз в виде компоста, измельчённые природные минералы, продукты переработки мяса, рыбы и прочие вещества естественного происхождения, а также растения-сидераты. Использование сидератов является альтернативой применению дорогостоящих органических удобрений. В статье представлены результаты исследования влияния посевов растений-сидератов и их смесей на динамику численности микроорганизмов основных эколого-трофических групп в почве виноградника. В качестве сидератов были высеяны: донник жёлтый (Melilotus officinalis), рожь посевная (Secаle cereаle), горчица белая (Sinаpis аlba), гречиха посевная (Fagopуrum esculеntum), эспарцет виколистный (Onobrychis viciifolia), вико-овсяная смесь (Vicia sativa Avеna sativa). В результате проведения исследования было показано, что почва виноградника при использовании сидератов отличается большой численностью бактерий основных эколого-трофических групп микроорганизмов, отвечающих за трансформацию органического вещества почвы. На всех вариантах с задернением междурядий, численность микроорганизмов основных эколого-трофических групп была существенно выше, чем на варианте с внесением навоза и контроле, что может свидетельствовать о преимуществе использования сидератов перед внесением в почву дорогостоящих органических удобрений. Наибольшая численность бактерий-аммонификаторов, отвечающих за разложение белковых соединений растительных и животных остатков в почве, была отмечена на фоне горчицы и эспарцета. Наибольшая численность фосфатмобилизующих бактерий, способных растворять труднодоступные для растений соединения фосфора, зафиксирована на фоне посевов ржи и горчицы. Задернение междурядий растениями ржи и гречихи максимально стимулировало рост численности бактерий-олигонитрофилов в почве. Для оценки особенностей взаимоотношений различных групп почвенных микроорганизмов, участвующих в общем процессе разложения органического вещества почвы, были рассчитаны эколого-трофические индексы: коэффициент минерализации-иммобилизации азота, индекс олиготрофности и индекс педотрофности.Sustainable productivity of vineyard plantations requires regular application of complex fertilizers, including the optimal mix of fertilizing elements. The use of readily-soluble mineral fertilizers in organic viticulture (organic bio-dynamic agriculture etc.) is prohibited. At the same time, farmers use manure in the form of compost, ground natural minerals, residue products after meet and fish processing and other substances of natural origin, including green manure crops, to optimize nutrition of the grapevine plantations. Application of green manure crops is an alternative to expensive organic fertilizers. The paper summarizes research findings on the influence of green manure crops and their mixtures on the development of micro-organisms of major ecological and trophic groups in the soil of a vineyard. The following plants were sown as green manure crops: melilot (Melilotus officinalis), rye (Secаle cereаle), white mustard (Sinаpis аlba), common buckwheat (Fagopуrum esculеntum), common sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), common vetch and oat mix (Vicia sativa Avеna sativa). Research results demonstrated that green manure increased the population of essential ecologic and trophic groups of microorganisms responsible for the transformation of soil organic matter in the soil of the vineyards. In all variants with swarding of the inter-row spacing, the number of micro-organisms of major ecologic and trophic groups significantly exceeded the control variant with animal manure, which could serve as an indication of the preferred use of green manure as compared to expensive organic fertilizers. The highest population of amonifiers responsible for decomposition of albuminous compounds of crop and animal residues in the soil was observed with mustard and sainfoin. The highest number of phosphate mobilizing bacteria capable of dissolving not easily accessible to plants phosphorus compounds was registered with rye and mustard. Swarding of inter-row spacing with rye and buckwheat boosted oligonitrophilic bacteria growth in the soil. In order to assess peculiarities of inter-relations among various groups of soil microorganisms participating in the general decomposition process of organic matter in the soil, the ecologic and trophic indices were calculated to include: nitrogen mineralization-immobilization coefficient, oligotrophicity index and pedotrophicity index.


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
Evangelia Tigka ◽  
Dimitrios Beslemes ◽  
Ioanna Kakabouki ◽  
Chrysanthi Pankou ◽  
Dimitrios Bilalis ◽  
...  

The performance of Vicia sativa L. cultivars and cultivar mixtures used as green manure under two seed rates in a Mediterranean environment was investigated in a split plot design, over the period 2014–2016. Six common vetch cultivars grown in pure stands or in mixtures were established at two seed rates (S1 = 100 Kg ha−1 and S2 = 180 kg ha−1). Growth traits (e.g., plant height, biomass yield, LAI, CGR) were monitored until incorporation into topsoil. The nitrogen (N) concentration of the incorporated biomass along with the decomposition rate were determined, and the effects on the N supply to the soil were evaluated two, four and six months after biomass incorporation. The increment in residual soil Ν four months after green manuring fluctuated from 17 to 45 kg ha−1 among cultivars, and after six months, from 22 to 50 kg ha−1. The average decomposition rate of organic substances was slightly higher for S2 for all time intervals; however the highest value (62.6%) was recorded for S1 six months after biomass incorporation. Seed rate-independent genotypes were identified with regard to the decomposition of organic matter and are suggested as being suitable for green-manuring farming systems with a low seed rate, a fact that offers options with economic and environmental benefits.


2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Péter Mikó ◽  
Csaba Gyuricza
Keyword(s):  

2005–2010 között a Szent István Egyetem Növénytermesztési és Biomasszahasznosítási Bemutató Központjában Gödöllőn másodvetésű zöldtrágyázási kísérletekben vizsgáltuk különböző zöldtrágyanövények (facélia, mustár és olajretek) hatását a talajellenállásra, a talajnedvességre, illetve a gyökérfejlődését. A 2009. száraz, és a 2010. nedves évek kivételével az átlagos évjáratokban minden zöldtrágyanövénynél szignifikánsan nagyobb talajellenállást mértünk, mint a kontrollnál. A zöldtrágyanövények gyökérzete a rövid vegetációs idő miatt csak a talaj felső rétegét hálózta be, ugyanakkor a különbség a gyökerezési mélység alatt, még a 40–50 cm-es talajrétegben is kimutatható volt. A talajnedvesség-mérés egyik évben sem mutatott statisztikai különbséget a kezelések között. Az őszi bedolgozás után tavasszal ismételten elvégzett mérések során sem a talajellenállás, sem a talajnedvesség esetében nem lehetett szignifikáns különbséget kimutatni a kezelések között. A növényborítottság miatt fellépő nagyobb talajellenállás oka, hogy a gyökérzet oldalirányú növekedésével nyomást gyakorolt a talajra. A növények bedolgozását követően a zöld növényi gyökerek gyorsan elbomlottak, a helyükön kialakuló szerkezetes talaj ellenállása pedig tavaszra megegyezett a kontrolléval. A kutatás több paraméterre kiterjedő eredményei alapján mindhárom növényfajt alkalmasnak találtuk zöldtrágyázásra, de talajba dolgozásukat csak későősszel javasoljuk, és lehetőség szerint csak tavaszi vetésű kultúra kövesse azokat.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
R. Holod ◽  
О. Bilinska ◽  
H. Shubala

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.


Author(s):  
Rui Dong ◽  
Zhongjie Lu ◽  
Zhengyu Yang ◽  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Chao Chen

Abstract Common vetch (Vicia sativa) is an important forage and green manure crop that is widely cultivated around the world. However, the large number of subspecies and accessions of common vetch has made taxonomic research on this species difficult. Pollen morphology data can provide important evidence in the study of plant phylogeny. Therefore, in this research, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe seven morphological traits of pollens from 22 common vetch accessions, and residual maximum likelihood and pattern analysis was conducted. The results showed that the pollen grains of the 22 accessions were all monad pollen and the polar view revealed three-lobed circular and triangular shapes, while the equatorial view mainly revealed an oblate shape; only one accession showed an oblate spherical shape. All accessions were 3-zonocolporate and the colpus length extended close to the poles. The polar axis length was (19.39 ± 0.97)–(42.12 ± 0.76) μm and the equatorial axis length was (35.97 ± 1.27)–(45.25 ± 0.81) μm. We found that qualitative traits of pollen shape, aperture polar view and ornamentation were highly stable. Among them, polar axis length, equatorial axis length and colpus length and width had significant differences among the accessions. The ratios of the equatorial and polar axes had significant differences among the subspecies. This trait information could be used for the classification and identification of common vetch accessions and subspecies.


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