scholarly journals Влияние посевов растений-сидератов на динамику численности микроорганизмов основных эколого-трофических групп в почве виноградника

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. Volkov ◽  
N.N. Klimenko ◽  
E.P. Stranishevskaya ◽  
M.V. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Green Manure Crops

Для стабильной продуктивности виноградных насаждений необходимо регулярное внесение комплексных удобрений, включающих оптимальный состав элементов питания. В экологически ориентированном виноградарстве (органическом, биодинамическом и т.п.) запрещено использование минеральных легкорастворимых удобрений. При этом для оптимизации питания виноградных насаждений применяют навоз в виде компоста, измельчённые природные минералы, продукты переработки мяса, рыбы и прочие вещества естественного происхождения, а также растения-сидераты. Использование сидератов является альтернативой применению дорогостоящих органических удобрений. В статье представлены результаты исследования влияния посевов растений-сидератов и их смесей на динамику численности микроорганизмов основных эколого-трофических групп в почве виноградника. В качестве сидератов были высеяны: донник жёлтый (Melilotus officinalis), рожь посевная (Secаle cereаle), горчица белая (Sinаpis аlba), гречиха посевная (Fagopуrum esculеntum), эспарцет виколистный (Onobrychis viciifolia), вико-овсяная смесь (Vicia sativa Avеna sativa). В результате проведения исследования было показано, что почва виноградника при использовании сидератов отличается большой численностью бактерий основных эколого-трофических групп микроорганизмов, отвечающих за трансформацию органического вещества почвы. На всех вариантах с задернением междурядий, численность микроорганизмов основных эколого-трофических групп была существенно выше, чем на варианте с внесением навоза и контроле, что может свидетельствовать о преимуществе использования сидератов перед внесением в почву дорогостоящих органических удобрений. Наибольшая численность бактерий-аммонификаторов, отвечающих за разложение белковых соединений растительных и животных остатков в почве, была отмечена на фоне горчицы и эспарцета. Наибольшая численность фосфатмобилизующих бактерий, способных растворять труднодоступные для растений соединения фосфора, зафиксирована на фоне посевов ржи и горчицы. Задернение междурядий растениями ржи и гречихи максимально стимулировало рост численности бактерий-олигонитрофилов в почве. Для оценки особенностей взаимоотношений различных групп почвенных микроорганизмов, участвующих в общем процессе разложения органического вещества почвы, были рассчитаны эколого-трофические индексы: коэффициент минерализации-иммобилизации азота, индекс олиготрофности и индекс педотрофности.Sustainable productivity of vineyard plantations requires regular application of complex fertilizers, including the optimal mix of fertilizing elements. The use of readily-soluble mineral fertilizers in organic viticulture (organic bio-dynamic agriculture etc.) is prohibited. At the same time, farmers use manure in the form of compost, ground natural minerals, residue products after meet and fish processing and other substances of natural origin, including green manure crops, to optimize nutrition of the grapevine plantations. Application of green manure crops is an alternative to expensive organic fertilizers. The paper summarizes research findings on the influence of green manure crops and their mixtures on the development of micro-organisms of major ecological and trophic groups in the soil of a vineyard. The following plants were sown as green manure crops: melilot (Melilotus officinalis), rye (Secаle cereаle), white mustard (Sinаpis аlba), common buckwheat (Fagopуrum esculеntum), common sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), common vetch and oat mix (Vicia sativa Avеna sativa). Research results demonstrated that green manure increased the population of essential ecologic and trophic groups of microorganisms responsible for the transformation of soil organic matter in the soil of the vineyards. In all variants with swarding of the inter-row spacing, the number of micro-organisms of major ecologic and trophic groups significantly exceeded the control variant with animal manure, which could serve as an indication of the preferred use of green manure as compared to expensive organic fertilizers. The highest population of amonifiers responsible for decomposition of albuminous compounds of crop and animal residues in the soil was observed with mustard and sainfoin. The highest number of phosphate mobilizing bacteria capable of dissolving not easily accessible to plants phosphorus compounds was registered with rye and mustard. Swarding of inter-row spacing with rye and buckwheat boosted oligonitrophilic bacteria growth in the soil. In order to assess peculiarities of inter-relations among various groups of soil microorganisms participating in the general decomposition process of organic matter in the soil, the ecologic and trophic indices were calculated to include: nitrogen mineralization-immobilization coefficient, oligotrophicity index and pedotrophicity index.

scholarly journals Zonal features of the dynamics of humus content in soils of Chernihiv region

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
O. Grischenko ◽  
S. Romanova ◽  
V. Zapasnyi ◽  
I. Shabanova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Sown Area ◽  
Green Manure Crops

The humus condition of soils of Chernihiv region has been studied. The dynamics of humus content in the soils of the region during six rounds (1986–2015) of agrochemical certification of agricultural lands is generalized and analyzed. In comparison with the 5th round (1986–1990), there was a discrepancy between the processes of stabilization and increase of humus content in most districts and in the region as a whole in the ninth round (2006–2010), and in some districts in the tenth round (2011–2015) against the background of a sharp decrease in the application of organic fertilizers. It was found that the stabilization of humus content in the soils of the region during the V–VIII rounds of agrochemical certification and a sharp increase in its content in the ninth round, against a significant reduction of organic matter, correlates with the withdrawal of eroded, low-yielding lands with low humus content (r=0.76). Analyzing the dynamics of humus content over thirty years of research,it was found that its content has increased in all climatic zones, as well as in nineteen of the twenty-two districts of the region. The increase of the indicator is in the range of 0.01–0.72%, while in all districts there is a significant reduction of the surveyed areas and only in three districts of the region there is a decrease in the humus content. According to the results of the 10th round of agrochemical certification, the soils of Chernihiv region are characterized by an average humus content of 2.41%. The highest humus content is characterized by the soils of Bakhmatsky (3.56%), Talalaivsky (3.33%) and Pryluky (3.32%) districts, and the lowest — NovgorodSiversky (1.57%). Increasing the sown area of green manure crops, plowing straw and the use of other elements of biologization of agriculture are important factors in increasing the weighted average humus content in the soils of Chernihiv region.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS ON THE HUMUS BALANCE IN SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
L. V. Potapenko ◽  
L. М. Skachok ◽  
N. I. Horbachenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Rotation Methods ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Positive Effect

Objective. To study the efficiency of inoculation of seeds by biological preparations under in-fluence on humus balance in growing crops in short crop rotation. Methods. Field, laboratory, cal-culation-comparative. Results. It was found that the highest entrance of organic matter in the soil was due to the use of organo-mineral fertilizing system NPK-manure-green manure, which contrib-utes to the increase of organic carbon reserves by 17.4 t/ha without the use of microbial prepara-tions and by 18.0 t/ha against the background of microbial preparations in comparison with the mineral fertilizing system. The use of microbial preparations under the fertilizing systems NP-manure-green manure allows to increase the amount of organic matter entering the soil by 1.2 and 1.6 t/ha during crop rotation. Under the use of organic fertilizers (manure, green manure) in com-bination with mineral ones and seed inoculation, not only the recovery of fertility of sod-podzolic soil, but also increase in the content of humus within the limits of 0.43–0.53 t/ha is reported. The use of manure on the background of the NPK makes it possible to increase the humus reserves in the soil by 0.11 and 0.15 t/ha per year. During crop rotation, the amount of newly formed humus in this variant exceeded its mineralization loss by 0.42 t/ha without microbial preparations and by 0.58 t/ha on the background of microbial preparations. Conclusion. The positive effect of the use of biological preparations under inoculation of seeds in combination with the organo-mineral fertiliz-ing system on the content of humus in sod-podzolic soil on average by crop rotation was estab-lished. Organic-mineral fertilizing system (NPK + manure + green manure) provides the highest growth of humus reserve in soil — 0.53 t/ha per year. The use of microbial preparations in the cul-tivation of crops under this fertilizing system contributes to the increase of humus content in the soil by 0.16 t/ha during crop rotation.

scholarly journals Agroecological effi ciency of organic fertilizers’ placement methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
A. S. Sotpa ◽  
T. F. Zharova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Green Manure Crops

The results of studies on the effect of bare and green-manured fallow (melilot, peas, peas + oats), as well as methods of placing green manure crops and manure (plowed to a depth of 18–20 cm and cultivated at 8–10 cm) on the fertility and productivity of dark chestnut soil are presented. Field experiment took place in the steppe zone of the Republic of Tuva. The weather conditions during the study period were noted as characteristic for the conditions of the steppe zone: 2016 and 2017 were arid, whereas 2018 was wet. Bare fallow was more effective for the accumulation of productive moisture than green-manured one both in autumn and in spring before sowing spring wheat. In autumn, after bare fallow, the moisture content was higher by 14.7%, in spring by 32.8%. The surface placement of green manure crops contributed to a lesser desiccation of the soil. The best supply of nitrate nitrogen before sowing wheat was noted in fallow fi elds with manure and melilot (17.1-15.6 mg/kg). Methods of placing organic fertilizers did not affect the nitrate content in the soil. The yield of spring wheat was affected by preceding crops and methods of placing fertilizers. The highest yield of spring wheat was obtained in the bare-fallowed fertilized fi eld, which was by 0.2–0.5 t/ha higher than with all types of bare or green-manured fallow. Deep (18–20 cm) placement of manure increased the yield of spring wheat by 0.2 t/ha (10.5%). Placement of green-manured crops on the surface made it possible, on average during the experiment, to increase this indicator by 0.1–0.3 t/ ha (7.1–20%).

scholarly journals Nitrogen Supplying Capacity of Brown Forest Soil under Different Cropping Practices and 0.01 M CaCl2 Soluble Organic Nitrogen

2006 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
János Lazányi ◽  
Jakab Loch ◽  
István Henzsel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Green Manure Crops ◽  
Soluble Organic Nitrogen

The best known and most remarkable example of continuous production in Hungary is the Westsik’s crop rotation experiment, which was established in 1929, and is still in use to study the effects of organic manure treatment, to develop models, and predict the likely effects of different cropping systems on soil properties and crop yields. In this respect, Westsik’s crop rotation experiment provides data of immediate value to farmers concerning the applications of green, straw and farmyard manure, as well as data sets for scientific research.Although commonly ignored, the release of nitrogen by root and green manure crops has a significant impact on soil organic matter turnover. The design of sustainable nitrogen management strategies requires a better understanding of the processes influencing nitrogen supplying capacity, as the effects of soil organic matter on soil productivity and crop yield are still very uncertain and require further research. In the treatments of Westsik’s crop rotation experiment, nutrients removed from soil through plant growth and harvesting are replaced either by fertilisers and/or organic manure. Data can be used to study the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil under different cropping systems and its effect on the 0.01 M CaCl2 soluble organic nitrogen content of soil.The aim of this paper is to present data on the nitrogen supplying capacity of brown forest soil from Westsik’s crop rotation experiment and to study its correlation with hundredth molar calcium-chloride soluble organic nitrogen. The main objective is to determine the effects of root and green manure crops on the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil under different cropping systems. The nitrogen supplying capacity was calculated as a difference of plant uptake, organic manure and fertiliser supply.The 0.01 M CaCl2 soluble organic nitrogen test has proved reliable for determining the nitrogen supplying capacity of soils. Brown forest soils are low in organic matter and in the F-1 fallow-rye-potato rotation, the nitrogen supplying capacity was 15.6 kg/ha/year. 0.01 M CaCl2 soluble organic nitrogen content was as low as 1.73 mg/kg soil. Roots and green manure increased the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil by more than 100%. This increase is caused by lupine, a legumes crop, which is very well adapted to the acidic soil conditions of the Nyírség region, and cultivated as a green or root manure crop to increase soil fertility.

scholarly journals THE USE OF GREEN FERTILIZERS AS ONE OF THE ASPECTS OF GREENING OF AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
L. V. Rudakova ◽  
E. V. Kravtsova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Food Regimes ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Green Manure Crops

The reproduction of natural soil fertility is the most important direction in solving the problem of sustainable development of agriculture and the entire agro-industrial complex. The realization of this direction should be considered together with greening of agriculture. Considering greening of agriculture, the agricultural ecosystem can be divided into the components and each component can be considered separately. The main aspects of greening of agriculture are alternative systems of agriculture, non-pesticide crop cultivation technologies, binary or mixed crops, constructing of crop rotations to supply the plants with the main nutrition elements, application of green manure crops to improve soil fertility, etc. Green manure crops are the plants which are grown to improve soil fertility and they are called ‘green manure’. Green manure crops decompose in the soil much faster than other organic fertilizers thereby supplying plants with nutrition elements better. Plowed green manure improves water, air and food regimes of soil, improves its fertility and grain crop productivity.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF GREEN MANURE CROPS DEPENDING ON HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
A.V. Prikhodko ◽  
◽  
A.V. Cherkashyna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Green Manure Crops

Green manuring can increase biological activity of the soil, enrich it with organic matter, nutrients and improve its agrophysical and agrochemical properties. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of green manure crops species composition on the productivity of agrophytocenoses and the input of soil organic matter under various hydrothermal conditions. The studies were conducted in 2016–2019 on the experimental fields of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea. Soil – chernozems southern low-humus. Average daily air temperature was: in 2016 – 11.8 °С; in 2017 – 12.7 °С; in 2018 – 12.5 °С; in 2019 – 12.6 °С (average long-term values – 10.8 °С). The amount of precipitation over the years was at the level of 162, 67, 129, 108 % of the norm. The experiments were laid according to B. A. Dospekhov “Methods of field research”. Position of the variants is systematic, triple replication. Fields square – 720 m2. The research subject is green manure crops agrocenoses. The object of the research is the process of forming the productivity of green manure crops. On average, over the years of research, the highest yield of green mass was formed by sweet clover and sainfoin (29.1 and 27.1 t/ha, respectively), winter triticale (24.5 t/ha) and winter rye (25.8 t/ha). T. pratense and P. tanacetifolia were low-yielding. The largest amount of accumulated soil organic matter was detected when rye, triticale, sainfoin and sweet clover were used as green manure; it was 5.88, 5.72, 5.56 and 5.52 t/ha, respectively. We established an average correlation (at 5 % significance level) between the amount of precipitation for the period “sowing – ripeness” in 2016–2017 and the yield of green mass of green manure crops (r = 0.52), as well as dry matter yield (r = 0.59). A negative correlation of average strength was also established between the average daily temperature of the period “sowing – ripeness” in 2017–2018 and yield of green mass (r = –0.66), as well as organic matter yield (r = –0.64).

scholarly journals Influence of composition species of green manure crops on soil fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032022
Author(s):  
A V Prikhodko ◽  
A V Cherkashyna ◽  
A A Zubochenko ◽  
Y V Svyatyuk ◽  
A A Gongalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Green Manure Crops

Abstract The selection of green manure crops for the zones with insufficient and unstable moisture is an urgent issue of agriculture. The purpose of the work is to establish the influence of the species composition of green manure on soil fertility. The research on southern low-humus chernozem was conducted in FSBI “Research institute of agricultural chemistry” in 2016-2019. The climate of the area is continental, semi-arid. The average annual air temperature is 10.8°C, the amount of precipitation is 428 mm. Conducting the experiment, statistical processing of data was performed according to B.A. Dospekhov. Layout of the variants - systematic, repetition is three times. The area of the plots is 720 m2. The subject of the research is agrocenoses of green manure crops. The object of the study is the soil fertility change processes. Agrocenoses of winter rye and triticale, melilot and sainfoin ensured the highest dry matter yield (6-6.3 t/ha). The maximum entry of organic matter into the soil occurred when using agrocenoses of winter rye - 5.88 t/ha and triticale - 5.72 t/ha. Mixture of crops on the entry of organic matter into the soil was inferior to rye and triticale, but outperformed vetch by 17.9%. The greatest amount of nitrogen was contained in the biomass of melilot and Sainfoin - 156 and 142 kg/ha, and in the mixture of winter crops - 108 kg/ha of nitrogen. The mixture combined the positive properties of its constituent crops: high and stable yield of dry and organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Due to mineralization of the organic matter of green manure crops, there was an increase in nitrate nitrogen in the arable horizon from 1.0-2.4 to 12.0-22.8 mg/kg of soil.

scholarly journals Large-Leaved Lupin (Lupinus polyhyllus Lind.) and Early Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) as Green Manure Grops

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enn Lauringson ◽  
Liina Talgre ◽  
Arvo Makke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Green Manure Crops

Trials with large-leaved lupine (‘Lupi’) and early red clover (‘Jõgeva 433’) as green manure were carried out to study their suitability for green manure production. The trials were carried out on the trial fields of the Estonian University of Life Sciences in 2008-2010. Biomass production abilities of various plants grown with or without a cover crop were examined. In the experiment, different green manure crops with undersowing and pure sowing were compared for amounts of N, C, P, K and organic matter driven into soil and their effect on cereal yield. The value of these green manure crops as manure was estimated, based on their effect on the succeeding cereal yield. From green manure plants, sown with cover crops, red clover gave the best results, while large-leaved lupine was better grown as pure crop (18% more biomass than red clover in similar situation). Biomass from large-leaved lupine, grown without cover crop, was also the most efficient in returning nutrients into the soil. Pure green manure had bigger effect and it lasted longer if grown as undersowing.

scholarly journals Overview of various crops used for green manure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Prikhodko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Karaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Green Manure Crops ◽  
Soil Changes ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The aim of our research was to determine the influence of different green manure crops on the process of organic matter entry into the soil, changes in physical and chemical properties of soil, etc. The yields of green mass of sweet clover and sainfoin were the highest – 29.1 and 27.1 t/ha, respectively. Triticale and rye surpassed these crops in the dry matter yield by 0.10-0.30 t/ha and in the organic matter entry into the soil by 0.16-0.36 t/ha. Incorporation of green manures into a farming system contributed to the increase in the amount of nitrogen that is available to the succeeding crop from 0.17 to 1.73 mg/100 g, or 10.4 times. The most considerable increase in the amount of nitrogen was after sainfoin (13.5 times more) and vetch (12.3 times higher). The higher Р2О5 and К2О content in the soil was observed after phacelia used for green manure (3.27 and 32.7, respectively).

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