scholarly journals MSW handling of top 5 leading waste-producing countries in Southeast Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
I S Arumdani ◽  
A S Puspita ◽  
M A Budihardjo

Abstract In 2050, World Bank predicts up to 3.4 tonnes of solid waste generated worldwide. According to Jain (2017), Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, and Malaysia are the top 5 countries producing enormous waste in Southeast Asia, producing 64, 26.77, 22, 14.66, 12.84 million tons, respectively. Countries in Southeast Asia contribute 1.14 kg/capita/day of waste worldwide; improperly controlled solid waste leads to environmental pollution and generates greenhouse gases. Therefore, this study will discuss further and compare the handling of MSW by the five most waste-producing countries in Southeast Asia. All countries in Southeast Asia produce solid waste dominated by organic waste as much as 50-70% of the total waste. Another waste composition varies between countries. Waste handling in each country, from source to disposal, is different. For example, Malaysia has not implemented waste composting while Indonesia and Thailand is the only country that conducts waste bank program. Above all, waste composition and infrastructure conditions play an essential role in determining the most suitable countries’ waste handling approaches.

NALARs ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Veronica Kusumawardhani ◽  
Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo ◽  
Indarti Komala Dewi

ABSTRAK. Bandung sebagai salah satu kota metropolitan yang berkembang di Indonesia tidak dapat menghindar dari masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan permukiman kumuh. Masalah permukiman kumuh biasanya dikarakteristikan dengan menurunnya kondisi lingkungan seperti masalah keterbatasan ketersediaan air tanah dan polusi. Berdasarkan fakta-fakta tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkalkulasi kesenjangan sumber daya dalam hal kuantitas maupun kualitas air dan tanah, bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah kumuh di Kota Bandung yang didasari pada standar pelayanan minimum dan standar kualitas lingkungan serta menentukan bentuk dari infrastruktur dasar seperti penyedia pengganti dari sumber daya alam air dan tanah yang paling tepat. Penelitian ini menetapkan tiga kelurahan yang mewakili tia tipologi kawasan kumuh yaitu, kumuh berat pada Kelurahan Tamansari, kumuh sedang pada Kelurahan Babakan Ciamis, dan kumuh ringan pada Kelurahan Cihargeulis.  Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kaitannya dengan kuantitas air pada ketiga kelurahan tersebut dipenuhi dari air tanah dan juga sumber PDAM. Hal ini mengingat bahwa ketersediaan tanah untuk perumahan pada ketiga kelurahan tersebut sudah mencukupi. Sementara bila dikaitkan dengan kualitas air pada ketiga kelurahan, nampaknya kualitas air dari PDAM memenuhi standar lingkungan namun kualitas air dari air tanah tidak memenuhi standar tersebut. Sehingga untuk kualitas tanah dengan mengacu pada Soil Quality Index dari BPS terlihat bahwa indeks kualitas tanah di Kelurahan Tamansari-lah yang paling rendah, dan di Kelurahan Cihargeulis-lah yang paling tinggi. Bentuk dari prioritas infrastruktur pada Kelurahan Tamansari untuk pengadaan air adalah melalui pipa dari PDAM atau pengolahan air permukaan tanah tingkat kelurahan, sementara untuk air buangan adalah MCK untuk “black water” dan instalasi pengolahan air buangan untuk “grey water”. Sementara itu untuk buangan padat adalah merupakan buangan bukan organik dan pengolahan kompos buangan organik serta dari buangan rumah berlantai banyak atau hunian vertikal. Bentuk dari  prioritas infrastruktur dari Kelurahan Babakan Ciamis untuk air adalah sama dengan Kelurahan Tamansari. Sementara itu pada Kelurahan Cihargeulis, prioritas infrastruktur untuk air adalah juga melalui pemipaan PDAM, dan untuk buangan air menggunakan instalasi pengolahan air buangan pada tingkat kota, untuk buangan padat adalah merupakan buangan bukan organik, pengolahan kompos buangan organik dan perumahan horizontal.  Kata Kunci: kumuh, sumber daya alam dan air, standar layanan minimum, standar lingkungan, insfrastruktur dasar permukiman  ABSTRACT. Bandung as one of the growing metropolitan in Indonesia did not escape from the problems of slums emerging. The problem of slums is characterized by such as a decrease in environmental conditions such as lack of raw water availability and pollution. Based oh those facts, this study aimed to calculate the resource gap in terms of quantity and quality of water and land, for people living in the slums in Bandung city based on minimum service standards and environment quality standards, and determining the form of basic infrastructure as a substitute provider of natural resources water and land that most appropriate. The study was conducted in three kelurahan which represent the three typologies of slums that are heavy is Kelurahan Tamansari, moderate is Kelurahan Babakan Ciamis, and light is Kelurahan Cihargeulis.   The results showed that in terms of quantity water in the three kelurahans are met from the ground water and piped water from PDAM.  As for the existing land for housing in the three kelurahans are sufficient. In terms of water quality in the three kelurahans is seen that the quality from PDAM have met the environment standards but the quality from ground water have not.  Then for soil quality with reference to Soil Quality Index of BPS was seen that the Land Quality Index in the Kelurahan Tamansari is the lowest, and Kelurahan Cihargeulis is the highest.  The shape of the priority infrastructure for Kelurahan Tamansari for water is piping from PDAM or local surface water treatment, for wastewater is MCK Communal for black water and local wastewater instalation treatment plant for grey water, for solid waste is anorganic waste bank and composting for organic waste, and multistorey housing.  The shape of the priority infrastructure for Kelurahan Babakan Ciamis for water is piping from PDAM, for wastewater is MCK Communal for black water and local wastewater instalation treatment plant for grey water, for solid waste is anorganic waste bank and composting for organic waste, and multistorey housing. The shape of the priority infrastructure for Kelurahan Cihargeulis for water is piping from PDAM, for wastewater is city level wastewater installation treatment, for solid waste is anorganic waste bank and composting for organic waste, landed housing Keywords: Slums, water and natural resources of land, minimum service standards, environmental standards, the basic infrastructure of the settlements


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Mochammad Chaerul ◽  
Dhia Atikah Aliyyu

Law No. 18 of 2008 on Waste Management prioritizes waste handling nearer the generator by considering economical value remained. In Depok City, waste handling at the community level has been performed at the Waste Treatment Unit (WTU) and waste bank. WTU focuses on organic waste treatment, while waste bank for inorganic waste recycling. The paper aims to identify waste generation and to evaluate the operational activity of the facilities. The sampling procedure proceeded for 8 days consecutively for 14 WTUs and 1 day for 7 waste banks applying stratified random sampling from a total of 30 WTUs and 428 waste banks operated in Depok City. Waste received daily were varied between 95,32-1.436,98 kg of organic waste at each WTU and 69,65-868,40 kg of inorganic waste at each waste bank. The variation of waste received was proportional to the number of inhabitants served and the character of the community surrounding the facility. The performance of the facilities could be improved including through promotion and financial support attained from the retribution. Waste handling at the community level could reduce the amount of waste transported to the Final Disposal Site (FDS) and reduce land required for FDS which becomes difficult to find especially in big cities in Indonesia.


2018 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Prykhodko ◽  
T. A. Safranov ◽  
T. P. Shanina

The research is aimed at comparing different methods of municipal solid waste treatment (waste burial, composting, complex recycling) depending on the values of generated greenhouse gases. In order to compare waste burial and composting of municipal solid waste based on amount of generated greenhouse gases the calculation methods used for compiling the National Inventory, were taken.  The mass balance method was used to estimate the output of a product of complex recycling. The municipal solid waste components differ by amount of degradable organic carbon and decomposition rate but have the largest mass. The municipal solid waste treatment techniques consist in placing such waste at landfills and dumps which are sources of environmental pollution, for example, by greenhouse gases. There are other organic waste treatment methods, such as composting via different technologies, burning, recycling etc. But all of them are also associated with greenhouse gases emission. Easily decomposed organic waste can be used for production of organic fertilizers, but a mandatory requirement, that is separation from the general municipal solid waste stream at the time of waste production, should be complied with. A complex recycling of easily decomposed organic waste, including anaerobic and aerobic composting is offered as an efficient way of waste management. The article presents a comparative analysis of various methods of municipal solid waste treatment based on the amount of greenhouse gases emitted in the Odessa Region. It considers three waste treatment approaches: all waste mass is to be placed at landfills and dumps, composting of some of park and garden waste and burial of other components, complex recycling of food, park and garden waste and some of paper waste according to the developed scheme. Complex recycling offers the least value of total greenhouse gases emission over a five-year period whereas waste disposal is characterized by the highest value thereof.  The complex recovery of components containing bioavailable organic carbon through anaerobic fermentation method excludes emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, as the biogas produced can be collected and extracted. However, over a long period, even after two-stage complex recycling, the total emission of greenhouse gases will be lower comparing to other methods of easily decomposed organic waste treatment. Emission of greenhouse gases in case of waste disposal has a prolonged nature whereas emission of greenhouse gases in case of composting occurs within a short period of time which should be taken into account when analyzing the prospects of solving the municipal solid waste problem.


2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 06021
Author(s):  
Warmadewanthi ◽  
Millati Haqq

Surabaya has become one of the cities in Indonesia with the largest volume of solid waste. One way to reduce waste generation in Surabaya City is through waste banks. The number of waste banks in Surabaya is 374 units since 2012, with 0.55 ton/day or a 0.05% reduction effort against total waste. The non-organic municipal waste potential that can be utilized is 40% and the total waste reduction for non-organic waste is 0.13%. The unit price of each type of solid waste is one of the main factors in people’s willingness to sell their solid waste. The higher the price of the waste, the more revenue they will earn. This research is focused in South Surabaya where the greatest number of waste banks is located. Based on typical mass balance analysis, the total waste that can be reduced is 20% for compostable waste and 18.24% for non-compostable waste. Meanwhile, based on research, the total waste is reduced by 10.16% for compostable waste and only 0.343% for non-compostable waste. The reduction potential occurring through the waste bank activities is 0.146% of the total generation of 237,801.9 kg/day. The reduction percentage needs to be increased so that the volume of municipal waste can be suppressed. Therefore, there must be an effort to improve the performance of waste banks or to increase the number of waste bank units.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Maskey ◽  
Mrinila Singh

Municipal solid waste is a growing concern in cities of developing countries and households are the main contributor. Lack of reliable data sources remain one of the major drawbacks for deciding on effective waste management option. The study area Gorkha municipality is selected because it is one of the highly under-researched and least resource intensive municipalities in Nepal. However, continued growth in municipal waste if left unattended will only intensify the problem and thus demands proactive action. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze waste composition and to evaluate the socioeconomic factors impacting household waste generation for effective management. Using stratified sampling method, 401 households were selected from all 15 municipal wards. Socioeconomic factors impacting household waste generation were assessed using Ordinary Least Square regression model. The rate of household waste generation in Gorkha municipality is found to be 0.24 kg/capita/day and estimated total household waste generation of 9.4 tonnes/day. Household size and income are found to have positive impact on waste generation, both statistically significant at 1% and thus can be important indicators to forecast solid waste generation trend. Household waste composition was 47.25% organic waste, 37.52% recyclable waste that comprised of 10.38% paper and paper products, 9.88% glass, 6.92% metal, 5.39% plastic, 3.57% textile and 1.38% rubber and leather, and rest 15.23% other waste. Organic waste has the highest share and if not managed properly, creates serious health and environmental hazards. It could be managed efficiently by composting at household and local government level.


Author(s):  
Cordelia Nnennaya Mama ◽  
Chidozie Charles Nnaji ◽  
John P. Nnam ◽  
Opata C. Opata

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia den Boer ◽  
Andrzej Jędrczak ◽  
Zygmunt Kowalski ◽  
Joanna Kulczycka ◽  
Ryszard Szpadt

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110179
Author(s):  
IDAA Warmadewanthi ◽  
Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Mokhamad Nur Cahyadi ◽  
Ellina Sitepu Pandebesie ◽  
Maria Anityasari ◽  
...  

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused most waste recycling activities to be terminated due to several factors, such as concerns about the spread of coronavirus through the collected solid waste. This study investigates the socio-economic impact of the situation of the closed-loop system of solid waste recycling. Several recommendations for tackling this problem are presented in this research. Primary data collection for the waste bank and informal recycling sector was carried out in the eastern part of Surabaya during large-scale social restrictions. In-depth interviews were conducted with waste bank customers, waste bank unit representatives and the informal recycling sector to understand the pandemic’s socio-economic impact on the closed-loop system. Results show that this pandemic has significant impacts on individuals and stakeholders engaged in waste recycling activities. Customers of waste banks, who mostly belong to low-income communities, mentioned that the waste bank closure gave rise to social and economic problems, such as increasing unmanaged solid waste and decreasing income. This result also applied to the informal recycling sector. The government can use the recommendations in this study to generate related policies, such as enforcing the health protocol within solid waste management to keep the recycling system in place and the business alive.


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