Terrestrial photogrammetry at the quarry and validating the accuracy of slope models for monitoring their stability

Abstract The paper is devoted to the application of photogrammetry in surveying and geomechanical studies of the state of stability of slopes in a quarry. For deep quarries a particularly important task is to ensure the stability of the slopes of the benches. The purpose of this study is to improve the survey techniques of the slopes using terrestrial photogrammetry, the establishment of the values of the basic errors in the positioning of cameras in local geodetic network. The results of photogrammetric measuring data processing, which are the coordinates of the slope points and its elements, point cloud, surface model, volume and area data, improve the quality of geomechanical monitoring at mining enterprises and provide increase safety of mining operations. The proposed method of survey consists in positioning images (projection centres) in the system of the geodetic reference network by measuring with an electronic total station. Established during the study was dependence of the accuracy of the coordinates of the three-dimensional model of the slopes on the distance between the camera and the total station, between the camera positions in a pair of images. The article contains the results of the practical implementation of the proposed survey method, the results of experiments performed for the purpose of comparison with an alternative measurement method, which was a survey by a total station, graphs of dependencies describing the effect of measurement parameters on the accuracy of work performed. The article is also supplemented by a theoretical analysis of the use of UAVs in the use of work to determine of stability of slopes in a quarry, which is based on the authors’ experience with the use of UAVs in open pit mines. In this theoretical comparison, the emphasis is mainly on the operability of the use of UAV, which in the case of open pit mines creating a practically stable wind vortex with a speed higher than the allowed speed of operation rotors UAVs.

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A GIS Software Module for Environmental Impact Assessment of the Open Pit Mining Projects for Small Mining Operators in Kazakhstan

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6971

Author(s):

Mikhail Zarubin ◽

Larissa Statsenko ◽

Pavel Spiridonov ◽

Venera Zarubina ◽

Noune Melkoumian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Impact Assessment ◽

Environmental Impact Assessment ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Software Module ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Open Pit Mines ◽

Gis Software

This research article presents a software module for the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of open pit mines. The EIA software module has been developed based on the comprehensive examination of both country-specific (namely, Kazakhstan) and current international regulatory frameworks, legislation and EIA methodologies. EIA frameworks and methods have been critically evaluated, and mathematical models have been developed and implemented in the GIS software module ‘3D Quarry’. The proposed methodology and software module allows for optimised EIA calculations of open pit mines, aiming to minimise the negative impacts on the environment. The study presents an original methodology laid out as a basis for a software module for environmental impact assessment on atmosphere, water basins, soil and subsoil, tailored to the context of mining operations in Kazakhstan. The proposed software module offers an alternative to commercial off-the-shelf software packages currently used in the mining industry and is suitable for small mining operators in post-Soviet countries. It is anticipated that applications of the proposed software module will enable the transition to sustainable development in the Kazakh mining industry.

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Experimental Investigation on the Performance of DJI Phantom 4 RTK in the PPK Mode for 3D Mapping Open-Pit Mines

Inżynieria Mineralna ◽

10.29227/im-2020-02-10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Le VAN CANH ◽

Cao XUAN CUONG ◽

Nguyen QUOC LONG ◽

Le THI THU HA ◽

Tran TRUNG ANH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coal Mines ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Open Pit ◽

Surface Model ◽

Test Field ◽

Open Pit Mines ◽

Ground Control Points ◽

Aerial Vehicle ◽

Topographic Surveys

Open-pit coal mines’ terrain is often complex and quickly and frequently changes. Therefore, topographic surveys of open-pit mines are undertaken on a daily basis. While these tasks are very time-consuming and costly with traditional methods such as total station and GNSS, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based method can be more efficient. This method is a combination of the “Structure from motion” (SfM) photogrammetry technique and UAV photogrammetry which has been widely used in topographic surveying. With an increasing popularity of RTK-enabled drones, it is becoming even more powerful method. While the important role of ground control points (GCP) in the accuracy of digital surface model (DSM) generated from images acquired by “traditional” UAVs (not RTK-enabled drones) has been proved in many previous studies, it is not clear in the case of RTK-enabled drones, especially for complex terrain in open-pit coal mines. In this study, we experimentally investigated the influence of GCP regarding its numbers and distribution on the accuracy of DSM generation from images acquired by RTK-enabled drones in open-pit coal mines. In addition, the Post Processing Kinematic (PPK) mode was executed over a test field with the same flight altitude. DSM generation was performed with several block control configurations: PPK only, PPK with one GCP, and PPK with two GCPs. Several positions of GCPs were also examined to test the optimal locations for placing GCPs to achieve accurate DSMs. The results show that the horizontal and vertical accuracy given by PPK only were 9.3 and 84.4 cm, respectively. However, when adding at least one GCP, the accuracy was significantly improved in both horizontal and vertical components, with RMSE for XY and Z ranging between 3.8 and 9.8 cm (with one GCP) and between 3.0 and 5.7 cm (with two GCPs), respectively. Also, the GCPs placed in the deep areas of the open-pit mine could ensure the cm-level accuracy.

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The use of vibration monitoring to record the blasting works impact on buildings surrounding open-pit mines

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183602008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 02008

Author(s):

Anna Sołtys ◽

Józef Pyra ◽

Jan Winzer

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Vibration Monitoring ◽

Automated System ◽

Open Pit ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Open Pit Mines ◽

Guiding Principle ◽

The Impact ◽

Mining Plant

Environmental protection law and geological and mining law require the mineral mining plant to protect its surroundings from the effects of mining operations. This also applies to the negative impact of vibrations induced by blasting works on people and construction facilities. Effective protection is only possible if the level of this impact is known, therefore it is necessary to record it. The thesis formulated in this way has been and continues to be the guiding principle of the research works carried out in the AGH Laboratory of Blasting Work and Environmental Protection. As a result of these works are procedures for conducting preventive activities by open-pit mines in order to minimize the impact of blasting on facilities in the surrounding area. An important element of this activity is the monitoring of vibrations in constructions, which is a source of knowledge for excavation supervisors and engineers performing blasting works, thus contributing to raising the awareness of the responsible operation of the mining plant. Developed in the Laboratory of the Mine's Vibration Monitoring Station (KSMD), after several modernizations, it became a fully automated system for monitoring and recording the impact of blasting works on the surrounding environment. Currently, there are 30 measuring devices in 10 open-pit mines, and additional 8 devices are used to provide periodic measurement and recording services for the mines concerned.

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Hylite: a hyperspectral toolbox for open pit mapping

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13563 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sam Thiele ◽

Sandra Lorenz ◽

Moritz Kirsch ◽

Richard Gloaguen

Keyword(s):

Short Wave ◽

Mineral Deposit ◽

Hyperspectral Data ◽

Geological Mapping ◽

Open Pit ◽

Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Open Pit Mines ◽

Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide ◽

Potential Applications

<p>Hyperspectral imaging is a powerful tool for mapping mineralogy and lithology in core and outcrops, as many minerals show distinct spectral features in the commonly analysed visible, near, short-wave and long-wave infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. High resolution ground and UAS (unmanned aerial system)-based sensors thus have significant potential as a tool for rapid and non-invasive geological mapping in mining operations, exploration campaigns and scientific research. However, the geometrical complexity of many outcrops (e.g. cliffs, open-pit mines) can result in significant technical challenges when acquiring and processing hyperspectral data. In this contribution we present updates to the previously published MEPHySTo python toolbox for correcting, georeferencing, projecting and analysing geometrically complex hyperspectral scenes. We showcase these methods using datasets covering volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) mineralisation exposed within open pit mines in Rio Tinto (Spain), and interpret possible structural and lithological controls on mineralization. Potential applications of hyperspectral mapping for grade control, outcrop mapping and the characterisation of different mineral deposit styles are also discussed.</p>

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COMPLEMENTARY USE OF INFORMATION FROM SPACE-BASED DINSAR AND FIELD MEASURING SYSTEMS FOR OPERATIONAL MONITORING PURPOSES IN OPEN PIT IRON MINES OF CARAJÁS MINING COMPLEX (BRAZILIAN AMAZON REGION)

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-905-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol XL-7/W3 ◽

pp. 905-911

Author(s):

W. R. Paradella ◽

J. C. Mura ◽

F. F. Gama ◽

A. R. Santos ◽

G. G. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Measurement Techniques ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Surface Measurement ◽

Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Total Station ◽

Brazilian Amazon Region

Now spanning five simultaneous open-pit operations with exploration carried out through open pit benching, Carajás complex encompasses the world´s largest iron reserves. Open pit mining operations in the area can lead to slope instabilities with risks to personnel, equipment and production due to intense excavations in rock products of low geomechanical quality, blasting practices and heavy precipitation. Thus, an effective prediction and management of surface deformations should be a key concern for the mining operations. The ground displacement monitoring techniques in Carajás include surface measurement techniques at discrete points (total station/reflective prisms) and over area using SSR (Slope Stability Radar, a ground based radar). On the other hand, DInSAR techniques are receiving relevance in the mining industry for reasons such a synoptic and continuous coverage without the need for ground instrumentation and a point-to-point good accuracy of measuring displacements (millimeter to centimeter scale) over a dense grid. Using a stack of 33 StripMap TerraSAR-X images acquired over Carajás covering the time span from March 2012 to April 2013, a monitoring approach is discussed based on the complementary use of information provided by DInSAR (DInSAR Time-Series and Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) and surface measuring techniques (total station/prisms, ground-based radar).

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Environmental Risks in Open Pit Mines: Representation of a Temporal Evolution Related to Water Factor

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ◽

10.5296/emsd.v7i4.13534 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. B. Mondoukpe Lagnika ◽

Robert Hausler

Keyword(s):

Statistical Approach ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Open Pit ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Open Pit Mines ◽

Water Factor ◽

Radiation Degradation ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Dynamic Relationships

Natural resources are sources of much ecological instability. They are subjects of many types of research and led to the strengthening of measures. However, the exposure to hazards (water-air-soil pollution, radiation, degradation, etc.) due to such industries as mining continuous. This paper intends to show the dynamic relationships between production and time as part of the synergy of the whole extraction system over time. Given to sensitives issues known in the heart of mining operations, water is, therefore, the only environmental factor considered to lighten the research methodology. So, after the hypothesis, a temporal graphic with time and mining production level as explanatory and dependent variables is developed. Then, attention is given to the hypothesis validation used to highlight the joint result of the two variables. This is done by a literature review on environmental management risks tools existing, in-depth on the open pit mines with the simple linear regression analysis. The paired T-test Student result will help to clarify the potential of this statistical approach.

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Features of new sites designing on quarry fields of the existing open pit mines of Kuzbass

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017401003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 174 ◽

pp. 01003

Author(s):

Eugene Plotnikov ◽

Valery Kolesnikov ◽

Zuzana Šimková ◽

Nuray Demirel

Keyword(s):

Mining Area ◽

Production Costs ◽

Underground Mines ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Surface Mine ◽

Open Pit Mines ◽

Mining Areas

At a number of large open pit mines in Kuzbass, coal production costs have increased due to the deepening of mining operations. In order to reduce them, separate sections of coal mining at the upper horizons are operating or are being designed for mining at low current stripping ratio. For the same purpose, open-pit mining areas at the fields of existing quarries are operated and designed. Examples of such existing and projected areas are: the “Complex Synclinal” area at the Krasnobrodsky surface mine; the “Prirezka” area at the Chernigovsky surface mine; a number open-pit areas at the underground mines; etc. The main factors complicating the involvement in the development of new sites are: the presence of residential areas, industrial buildings and structures near the boundaries of the mining area; power supply lines, transport communications, which limits or excludes the production of mass explosions in the preparation of overburden for excavation; limited size or lack of areas for external dumps at a short distance from the site (in some cases, it is possible to close the mined-out space of the worked-out quarry field). When designing the development of areas characterized by such conditions, it is necessary to consider the application of new technical and technological solutions.

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Geotechnical assessments of the stability of slopes at the Cakmakkaya and Damar open pit mines (Turkey): a case study

Environmental Earth Sciences ◽

10.1007/s12665-009-0388-7 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 741-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Fehmi Arikan ◽

Fatih Yoleri ◽

Sureyya Sezer ◽

Dincer Caglan ◽

Bengu Biliyul

Keyword(s):

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mines ◽

Stability Of Slopes ◽

The Stability

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Models of simulation in the making of decisions in the mining operation

Journal Mathematical and Quantitative Methods ◽

10.35429/jmqm.2019.4.3.20.26 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Erika Castillo-Serrano ◽

Myrna Urith Pérez-Lugo ◽

Roberto Avelino-Rosas ◽

Denisse Gabriela Rivera-Mojica

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Operating Cost ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Mining Operation ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Discrete Events ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Open Pit Mines ◽

Simulation Techniques

In open pit mining, the loading, unloading and hauling system can represent a high percentage of the operating cost. The objective of this document is to provide an overview of the different approaches in the application of simulation models as an alternative applied to open pit mining operations that can help in decision making to optimize resources. It talks about the different types of simulation models that can be applied in mining operations such as stochastic, deterministic and discrete events. The underlying idea of this text is to highlight that with the increase in competitiveness, mining companies are in need of using simulation techniques to reduce costs, time and risks when making decisions, since simulation allows the creation of scenarios that approximate reality. In the end, the document concludes that simulation models are a tool to help in decision-making, for the optimization of resources, increased improvement and efficiency of the processes of loading, transport and unloading in open pit mines.

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On the need to consider the lithological composition of overburden rocks in the design of waste water treatment plants at open pit mines

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202131502013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 315 ◽

pp. 02013

Author(s):

Elena Murko ◽

Juraj Janočko ◽

Eugene Makridin ◽

Martin Kapko

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Coal Waste ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Open Pit Mines ◽

Before And After ◽

Treatment Facilities ◽

Lithological Composition

The issue of wastewater treatment in open-pit mining of mineral deposits is associated with great difficulties. Due to the constant tightening of requirements for the quality of discharged wastewater, its treatment in the sedimentation reservoirs and clarification ponds does not ensure the achievement of MPC values; in addition, these treatment facilities occupy significant areas of land. It should also be noted that the open-pit mines, as a rule, have several water outlets remote from each other, besides changing their location as the development of mining operations proceeds. For example, OJSC "UK "Kuzbassrazrezugol" has more than 30 places of water use, taking into account that the company structure includes 7 open-pit mines. In the article some results of analyses of pit waste water before and after its treatment in artificial filtering massifs at the mining enterprises of Kuzbass are presented. Preliminary dependences of changes in pollutant impurities in quarry water on different composition of coal waste have been established.

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