Study of a green algae Lobochlamys segnis Strain-019 from peatland

Abstract Characterization of a green algae Lobochlamys segnis strain 019 using morphological dan phylogenetic study were determined. In this study, contribution of natural nutrients will be evaluated by culturing this strain using Sphagnum peat soil extract in comparing to that of a commercial media for freshwater algae. Based on morphological study, L.segnis strain 019 is a unicellular biflagellate. This Chlamydomonas-like algae possessed a cup shaped to lateral chloroplast with central pyrenoid and a low indistinct papilla. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 18 S rDNA indicated that this strain is a member of Lobochlamys subclade, and formed a robust clade (PP = 1.0, BP = 99%) with Oogamochlamys. Strain 019 formed a buble-like colonies covered by mucilage material under agar culture condition. In this study, a moderate acidic condition pH 4.0 was applied for both media due to liquid medium of Sphagnum peat soil extract detected in this pH value. The biomass production, lipid production and fatty acid composition using peat soil extract and AF-6 media are evaluated and discussed.

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Description of Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Anguinidae) from Iran, a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10115 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Samira Aliverdi ◽

Ebrahim Pourjam ◽

Majid Pedram

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Pharyngeal Bulb ◽

Lateral Field ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Golestan Province ◽

Tail Tip

Summary Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. is described based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. It was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Acantholimon sp. in Golestan province, Iran, and is mainly characterised by having four lines in the lateral field, a pyriform to bottle-shaped offset pharyngeal bulb, post-vulval uterine sac 36.6-56.1% of the vulva to anus distance long, and a subcylindrical to conical tail with widely rounded tip. It is further characterised by short to medium-sized females, 480-617 μm long, with a fine stylet having small rounded knobs, V = 80.8-83.6, c = 11.0-13.8, c′ = 3.3-4.6, and males with 16.0-17.0 μm long spicules. The new species was morphologically compared with six species having four lines in their lateral field, rounded tail tip and comparable morphometric data namely: D. dipsacoideus, D. emus, D. exilis, D. paraparvus, D. sturhani, and D. solani. It was also compared with two species, D. ferepolitor and D. angustus, forming a maximally supported clade in the 18S tree. The phylogenetic analyses using the maximal number of Anguinidae and several Sphaerularioidea genera based upon partial 18S and 28S rDNA D2-D3 sequences revealed that Ditylenchus is polyphyletic. In the 18S tree, the new species formed a clade with D. ferepolitor (KJ636374) and D. angustus (AJ966483); in the 28S tree it formed a poorly supported clade with D. phyllobios (KT192618) and Ditylenchus sp. (MG865719).

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Death of an order: a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study confirms that termites are eusocial cockroaches

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2007.0102 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 331-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 295

Author(s):

Daegan Inward ◽

George Beccaloni ◽

Paul Eggleton

Keyword(s):

Social Insects ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Social Wasps ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Social Bees ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

The Tropics

Termites are instantly recognizable mound-builders and house-eaters: their complex social lifestyles have made them incredibly successful throughout the tropics. Although known as ‘white ants’, they are not ants and their relationships with other insects remain unclear. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses, the most comprehensive yet attempted, show that termites are social cockroaches, no longer meriting being classified as a separate order (Isoptera) from the cockroaches (Blattodea). Instead, we propose that they should be treated as a family (Termitidae) of cockroaches. It is surprising to find that a group of wood-feeding cockroaches has evolved full sociality, as other ecologically dominant fully social insects (e.g. ants, social bees and social wasps) have evolved from solitary predatory wasps.

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A molecular phylogenetic study of two relict species of melanopline grasshoppers

Genome ◽

10.1139/g01-156 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 313-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

W Chapco ◽

G Litzenberger

Keyword(s):

Molecular Clock ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Melanoplus Sanguinipes ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Relict Species ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Mitochondrial Sequences ◽

The Times

Two species belonging to the large grasshopper genus Melanoplus, Melanoplus gaspesiensis and Melanoplus madeleineae, are thought to have survived in refugia in eastern Canada during the Wisconsin glaciation period and perhaps during earlier glacial episodes as well. It has been proposed that either Melanoplus borealis, which is widely distributed today, or its antecedent gave rise to the two relict species. Our research, based on standard phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial sequences, examines this claim by establishing the positions of M. gaspesiensis and M. madeleineae within Melanoplus. There is a very close and strongly supported connection between M. madeleineae and M. borealis (d = 1.36%), whereas M. gaspesiensis is more distant from the latter (d = 2.08%) and appears closely aligned with two other species. Molecular clock estimates of the times of separation of M. madeleineae and M. gaspesiensis from M. borealis are 0.68 and 1.04 million years ago, respectively. Within-species diversities of 1.01 and 0.70% for M. madeleineae and M. gaspesiensis, respectively, are of comparable magnitudes to that of the continentally distributed Melanoplus sanguinipes (0.86%), clearly indicating that neither species endured bottleneck effects despite isolation.Key words: grasshopper, Melanoplus, relict species, mtDNA.

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Herzog Vindicated: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals that Trichostomum brachydontium (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) Comprises Several Species

10.20944/preprints202112.0480.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rosa M. Ros ◽

Olaf Werner ◽

Ron D. Porley

Keyword(s):

Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Integrative Taxonomy ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Lineage Sorting ◽

New Name ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Phylogenetic Lineages

The morphologically variable moss Trichostomum brachydontium is very common in south and west Europe, particularly under Mediterranean and Atlantic climates. A morphological study was conducted alongside a molecular phylogenetic study based on nr ITS and cp rbcL regions in order to assess if T. brachydontium is an exceptionally polymorphic species as evidenced by the number of described infraspecific taxa from the last century or, alternatively, if it includes more than one species, and if so, to find the valid name for them. Phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and chloroplast datasets show that there are four well-supported clades. While the ITS based tree is in good agreement with the morphological data, there are a few inconsistencies with reference to the rbcL tree; this may be explained by incomplete lineage sorting or by hybridization. The morphological survey revealed well-defined discriminate differences between the four phylogenetic lineages. The taxonomic conclusions include the recognition of four species: T. brachydontium s.s., T. herzogii (a new name proposed for var. cuspidatum), T. littorale and T. meridionale (a new name proposed for var. densum). Lectotypes are designated for T. brachydontium and T. littorale. Our results underline the ongoing need of integrative studies to examine further the underestimated diversity of the T. brachydontium complex in other regions.

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Molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe Tropidieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) with taxonomic and evolutionary implications

PhytoKeys ◽

10.3897/phytokeys.140.46842 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 140 ◽

pp. 11-22

Author(s):

Izai A. B. Sabino Kikuchi ◽

Paul J. A. Keβler ◽

André Schuiteman ◽

Jin Murata ◽

Tetsuo Ohi-Toma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

High Support ◽

Photosynthetic Ability

The orchid tribe Tropidieae comprises three genera, Tropidia, Corymborkis and Kalimantanorchis. There are three fully mycoheterotrophic species within Tropidieae: Tropidia saprophytica, T. connata and Kalimantanorchis nagamasui. A previous phylogenetic study of K. nagamasui, based only on plastid matK data, placed K. nagamasui outside the clade of Tropidia and Corymborkis without support. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses using a nuclear ribosomal DNA spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a low-copy nuclear coding gene (Xdh) and a mitochondrial intron (nad1b-c intron) to study the phylogenetic relationships within Tropidieae. We included six photosynthetic and all three fully mycoheterotrophic Tropidieae species. The resulting phylogenetic trees placed these fully mycoheterotrophic species inside the Tropidia clade with high support. In our trees, these three species do not form a monophyletic group together, because the photosynthetic T. graminea is nested amongst them. Our results also suggest that the loss of photosynthetic ability occurred at least twice in Tropidia.

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A new view on the morphology and phylogeny of eugregarines suggested by the evidence from the gregarine Ancora sagittata (Leuckart, 1860) Labbé, 1899 (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3354 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3354 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Timur G. Simdyanov ◽

Laure Guillou ◽

Andrei Y. Diakin ◽

Kirill V. Mikhailov ◽

Joseph Schrével ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Phylogenetic Lineages

Background Gregarines are a group of early branching Apicomplexa parasitizing invertebrate animals. Despite their wide distribution and relevance to the understanding the phylogenesis of apicomplexans, gregarines remain understudied: light microscopy data are insufficient for classification, and electron microscopy and molecular data are fragmentary and overlap only partially. Methods Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, PCR, DNA cloning and sequencing (Sanger and NGS), molecular phylogenetic analyses using ribosomal RNA genes (18S (SSU), 5.8S, and 28S (LSU) ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs)). Results and Discussion We present the results of an ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic study on the marine gregarine Ancora sagittata from the polychaete Capitella capitata followed by evolutionary and taxonomic synthesis of the morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence on eugregarines. The ultrastructure of Ancora sagittata generally corresponds to that of other eugregarines, but reveals some differences in epicytic folds (crests) and attachment apparatus to gregarines in the family Lecudinidae, where Ancora sagittata has been classified. Molecular phylogenetic trees based on SSU (18S) rDNA reveal several robust clades (superfamilies) of eugregarines, including Ancoroidea superfam. nov., which comprises two families (Ancoridae fam. nov. and Polyplicariidae) and branches separately from the Lecudinidae; thus, all representatives of Ancoroidea are here officially removed from the Lecudinidae. Analysis of sequence data also points to possible cryptic species within Ancora sagittata and the inclusion of numerous environmental sequences from anoxic habitats within the Ancoroidea. LSU (28S) rDNA phylogenies, unlike the analysis of SSU rDNA alone, recover a well-supported monophyly of the gregarines involved (eugregarines), although this conclusion is currently limited by sparse taxon sampling and the presence of fast-evolving sequences in some species. Comparative morphological analyses of gregarine teguments and attachment organelles lead us to revise their terminology. The terms “longitudinal folds” and “mucron” are restricted to archigregarines, whereas the terms “epicystic crests” and “epimerite” are proposed to describe the candidate synapomorphies of eugregarines, which, consequently, are considered as a monophyletic group. Abolishing the suborders Aseptata and Septata, incorporating neogregarines into the Eugregarinida, and treating the major molecular phylogenetic lineages of eugregarines as superfamilies appear as the best way of reconciling recent morphological and molecular evidence. Accordingly, the diagnosis of the order Eugregarinida Léger, 1900 is updated.

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Molecular phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA indicate monophyly of the genus Phytolacca L. (Phytolaccaceae)

Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy ◽

10.3329/bjpt.v22i1.23859 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Ajmal Ali ◽

Joongku Lee ◽

Soo-Yong Kim ◽

Sang-Hong Park ◽

Fahad M.A. Al-Hemaid

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Its Sequences ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

The Family ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Plant Taxon

Relationships within the family Phytolaccaceae sensu lato were examined based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). The study revealed Phytolacca L. as taxonomically the most difficult genus in the family with completely unknown phylogeny. Molecular evidence was used from nrDNA ITS sequences of about 90% of the species for maximum parsimony analyses, and the molecular phylogenetic analyses defined a monophyletic Phytolacca. This first molecular phylogenetic study of Phytolacca concludes that the relationships among the species within the genus do not show harmony with the generic classification based on morphology. These results set the stage for a more detailed phylogenetic analysis of Phytolacca.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(1): 18, 2015 (June)

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Hemicriconemoides phoenicis Van den Berg et al., 2015 (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Iran: a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 815-824

Author(s):

Sedighe Azimi ◽

Majid Pedram

Keyword(s):

Date Palm ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Original Description ◽

Original Data ◽

18S Rrna Gene ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Khuzestan Province ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Summary A population of Hemicriconemoides phoenicis was recovered from Khuzestan province, south-western Iran, in association with date palm. The recovered population was characterised by 518-645 μm long females having a 76-82 μm long stylet, rounded to oblong spermatheca filled with sperm, a 28.0-39.8 μm long tail, juveniles common, with 14 longitudinal rows of rounded scales, and males absent. Compared to the original data, no morphological and morphometric differences were observed. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene and a near-full-length fragment of the 18S rRNA gene sequences using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximal number of species of the genus, the two newly generated 28S sequences of the Iranian population formed a maximally supported clade with two original sequences of the species; and the 18S sequence formed a maximally supported clade with an unidentified isolate of the genus in the corresponding phylogeny. This is the second report of the species since its original description, Iran representing a new geographical record and supporting the suggestion that date palm could be its preferred host.

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Phylogenetic study of the genus Pohlia (Mielichhoferiaceae, Bryophyta) based on chloroplast DNA sequences

Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution ◽

10.11646/bde.44.1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

TAKAYUKI OHGUE ◽

HIROYUKI AKIYAMA ◽

HIROSHI SUZUKI-AZUMA ◽

HIDETOSHI NAGAMASU

Keyword(s):

Chloroplast Dna ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

The Family ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Traditional Sense ◽

Chloroplast Dna Sequences

The phylogenetic circumscription and taxonomic status of the genus Pohlia in the Mniaceae sensu lato was investigated based on chloroplast DNA sequences (rbcL, rps4, and trnL-F), with a focus on species occurring in Japan. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of sequences obtained from 34 species of Mniaceae s.l., including 13 Pohlia species, suggested that the genus Pohlia and the family Mielichhoferiaceae are not monophyletic in their present circumscription, but confirmed that the family Mniaceae is monophyletic in its traditional sense. These results are congruent with previous molecular phylogenetic studies. Three distinct clades were recognized in the Mielichhoferiaceae, almost corresponding to three sections of Pohlia (Pohlia, Cacodon and Apalodictyon). One of them branched off first within the Mniaceae s.l., and the other two were sister to the remainder of the Mniaceae s.l. The single included Schizymenium formed a monophyletic group with Pohlia sect. Pohlia and Epipterygium with Pohlia sect. Apalodictyon, confirming the results of previous studies. The results indicate that the taxonomic status of the genus Pohlia and family Mielichhoferiaceae are in need of revision. Phylogenetic analyses nested the accessions of P. camptotrachela within P. annotina and P. flexuosa clades, highlighting the need for taxonomic revision of Japanese propaguliferous Pohlia species.

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Disentangling relationships among eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria including description of a novel species from the southern Peloponnese (Greece)

Plant Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.1007/s00606-020-01730-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 307 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Pau Carnicero ◽

Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽

Llorenç Sáez ◽

Theophanis Constantinidis ◽

Mercè Galbany-Casals

Keyword(s):

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Long Distance ◽

Aegean Islands ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean basin hosts a remarkably high plant diversity. Historical connections between currently isolated areas across the Aegean region and long-distance dispersal events have been invoked to explain current distribution patterns of species. According to most recent treatments, at least two Cymbalaria species occur in this area, Cymbalaria microcalyx and C. longipes. The former comprises several intraspecific taxa, treated at different ranks by different authors based on morphological data, evidencing the need of a taxonomic revision. Additionally, some populations of C. microcalyx show exclusive morphological characters that do not match any described taxon. Here, we aim to shed light on the systematics of eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria and to propose a classification informed by various sources of evidence. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, 3’ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences and estimated the ploidy level of some taxa performing relative genome size measures. Molecular data combined with morphology support the division of traditionally delimited C. microcalyx into C. acutiloba, C. microcalyx and C. minor, corresponding to well-delimited nrDNA lineages. Furthermore, we propose to combine C. microcalyx subsp. paradoxa at the species level. A group of specimens previously thought to belong to Cymbalaria microcalyx constitute a well-defined phylogenetic and morphological entity and are described here as a new species, Cymbalaria spetae. Cymbalaria longipes is non-monophyletic, but characterized by being glabrous and diploid, unlike other eastern species. The nrDNA data suggest at least two dispersals from the mainland to the Aegean Islands, potentially facilitated by marine regressions.

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