scholarly journals Species diversity and breeding site of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Macaca fascicularis breeding area

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
D Novianto ◽  
U K Hadi ◽  
S Soviana ◽  
Supriyono ◽  
H S Darusman
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Armigeres Subalbatus ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Mosquito larvae play an essential role in the ecological, and many of them can spread human and animal diseases, including in Macaca fascicularis. Information on mosquito species and their habitats can provide an overview of the role of mosquitoes in the spread of vector-borne diseases in M. fascicularis captivity area. This study aimed to identify species diversity of mosquito larvae, species affinity and association, and the larval breeding sites around M. fascicularis captivity area in Bogor, West Java. Mosquito larvae were collected from 102 sites using a 350 ml dipper. Mosquito larvae that were successfully collected consisted of 11 species; Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Armigeres subalbatus, Anopheles aconitus, An. kochi, An. vagus, Culex fuscocephala, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhyncus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. vishnui. Co-occurrence in mosquito larvae as many as 13 compositions, with the highest co-occurrence in Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus that was 11 times. There were seven types breeding sites for the larval mosquitoes, i.e containers, ditches, creeks, ponds, artificial ponds, groundwater puddles, and rice fields. We conclude the existence of mosquito larvae and the availability of their breeding site in M. fascicularis captivity area can be a potential transmission of pathogens between mosquitoes and hosts

The Scientific Basis for the Prevention of Zooanthroponoze Vector-Borne Diseases Spread by Parasitic Arthropods of the Center of the East European Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Vasilevich ◽  
Anna M. Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

A Survey of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Tunisia and the Potential Role of Aedes detritus and Aedes caspius in the Transmission of Zika Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1377-1383
Author(s):  
Wiem Ben Ayed ◽  
Fadila Amraoui ◽  
Youmna M’ghirbi ◽  
Francis Schaffner ◽  
Adel Rhaim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Aedes Caspius ◽  
Aedes Detritus

Abstract The present study aimed to update the list of Aedes mosquito species occurring in Tunisia and to test the vector competence of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) caspius (Pallas) and Ae. (Ochlerotatus) detritus (Haliday), the locally most abundant and widespread species, to transmit Zika virus (ZIKV). In 2017–2018, mosquito larvae were collected from 39 different larval habitats in seven bioclimatic zones of Tunisia. The salinity and pH of each breeding site were measured. The survey revealed the presence of 10 Aedes species in Tunisia: Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), Ae. (Ochlerotatus) berlandi (Séguy), Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus, Ae. (Finlaya) echinus (Edwards), Ae. (Finlaya) geniculatus (Olivier), Ae. (Acartomyia) mariae (Sergent and Sergent), Ae. (Ochlerotatus) pulcritarsis (Rondani), Ae. (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen), and Ae. (Fredwardsius) vittatus (Bigot). Of these 10 species, Ae. caspius and Ae. detritus were the most abundant in Tunisia. Aedes detritus and Ae. caspius larvae were reared until the imago stage under insectary conditions to test autogeny. The study showed that Ae. detritus is autogenous and stenogamous and Ae. caspius, anautogenous and eurygamous. Finally, the collected strains of these two species were experimentally infected with the Asian genotype of ZIKV, originally isolated from a patient in April 2014 in New Caledonia, to test their vector competence. Neither of these species was able to transmit ZIKV at 7 and 14 d postexposure. Further investigations are needed to test the competence of other Tunisian mosquito species that may be associated with ZIKV transmission.

scholarly journals Mosquito diversity and dog heartworm prevalence in suburban areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith R. Spence Beaulieu ◽  
Jennifer L. Federico ◽  
Michael H. Reiskind
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Wake County

Abstract Background Urbanization is occurring rapidly on a global scale and is altering mosquito communities, creating assemblages that are characteristically less diverse. Despite high rates of urbanization and ample examples of vector-borne diseases transmitted by multiple species, the effects of urbanization-driven mosquito diversity losses on disease transmission has not been well explored. We investigated this question using the dog heartworm, a filarial parasite vectored by numerous mosquito species. Methods We trapped host-seeking mosquitoes in undeveloped areas and neighborhoods of different ages in Wake County, North Carolina, USA, analyzing captured mosquitoes for heartworm DNA. We compared within-mosquito heartworm infection across land-use types by Kruskal–Wallis and likelihood ratio tests. Using zip code level data acquired from dogs in a local shelter, we performed linear regressions of within-host heartworm prevalence by within-mosquito heartworm prevalence as well as by three mosquito diversity measures. We also determined the best predictor of host-level prevalence among models including within-mosquito infection, mosquito diversity and abundance, and socioeconomic status as variables. Results Suburban areas had lower within-mosquito heartworm prevalence and lower likelihood of heartworm-positive mosquitoes than did undeveloped field sites, although no differences were seen between suburban and undeveloped wooded sites. No relationships were noted between within-mosquito and within-host heartworm prevalence. However, mosquito diversity metrics were positively correlated with host heartworm prevalence. Model selection revealed within-host prevalence was best predicted by a positive relationship with mosquito Shannon–Wiener diversity and a negative relationship with household income. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that decreases in mosquito diversity due to urbanization alter vector-borne disease risk. With regard to dog heartworm disease, this loss of mosquito diversity is associated with decreased heartworm prevalence within both the vector and the host. Although the response is likely different for diseases transmitted by one or few species, mosquito diversity losses leading to decreased transmission could be generalizable to other pathogens with multiple vectors. This study contributes to better understanding of the effects of urbanization and the role of vector diversity in multi-vectored pathosystems.

scholarly journals Parasites and vector-borne diseases disseminated by rehomed dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Wright ◽  
Frans Jongejan ◽  
Mary Marcondes ◽  
Andrew Peregrine ◽  
Gad Baneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Cooperation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Veterinary Profession ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
International Experts

Abstract The Companion Vector-Borne Diseases (CVBD) World Forum is a working group of leading international experts who meet annually to evaluate current scientific findings and future trends concerning the distribution, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and prevention of vector-borne infections of dogs and cats. At the 14th Symposium of the CVBD World Forum in Trieste, Italy (March 25–28, 2019), we identified the need to (i) bring attention to the potential spread of parasites and vectors with relocated dogs, and (ii) provide advice to the veterinary profession regarding the importance of surveillance and treatment for parasites and vector-borne infections when rehoming dogs. This letter shares a consensus statement from the CVBD World Forum as well as a summary of the problem faced, including the role of veterinary professionals in parasite surveillance, causal issues, and the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation in addressing the problem. To limit opportunities for dissemination of parasites and vectors, whenever possible, underlying problems creating the need for dog rehoming should be addressed. However, when it is necessary to rehome dogs, this should ideally take place in the country and national region of origin. When geographically distant relocation occurs, veterinary professionals have a vital role to play in public education, vigilance for detection of exotic vectors and infections, and alerting the medical community to the risk(s) for pathogen spread. With appropriate veterinary intervention, dog welfare needs can be met without inadvertently allowing global spread of parasites and their vectors.

scholarly journals Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in vector-borne infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. jcs246744
Author(s):  
Chaima Bensaoud ◽  
Larissa Almeida Martins ◽  
Hajer Aounallah ◽  
Michael Hackenberg ◽  
Michail Kotsyfakis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Activity ◽  
Arthropod Vector ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes

ABSTRACTNon-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are nucleotide sequences that are known to assume regulatory roles previously thought to be reserved for proteins. Their functions include the regulation of protein activity and localization and the organization of subcellular structures. Sequencing studies have now identified thousands of ncRNAs encoded within the prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, leading to advances in several fields including parasitology. ncRNAs play major roles in several aspects of vector–host–pathogen interactions. Arthropod vector ncRNAs are secreted through extracellular vesicles into vertebrate hosts to counteract host defense systems and ensure arthropod survival. Conversely, hosts can use specific ncRNAs as one of several strategies to overcome arthropod vector invasion. In addition, pathogens transmitted through vector saliva into vertebrate hosts also possess ncRNAs thought to contribute to their pathogenicity. Recent studies have addressed ncRNAs in vectors or vertebrate hosts, with relatively few studies investigating the role of ncRNAs derived from pathogens and their involvement in establishing infections, especially in the context of vector-borne diseases. This Review summarizes recent data focusing on pathogen-derived ncRNAs and their role in modulating the cellular responses that favor pathogen survival in the vertebrate host and the arthropod vector, as well as host ncRNAs that interact with vector-borne pathogens.

‘Swimming mosquitoes’: a key stepping stone to prevent Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya: an educative experience in Colima, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Medone ◽  
Carlos M Hern�ndez-Su�rez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The People ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya arboviruses (DZC), mainly transmitted by mosquito Aedes aegypti, are global health public issues affecting 390 million people each year. In most endemic countries, vector control strategies have been focused on reducing breeding sites and adult mosquito populations. Most health communication strategies have pointed out adult mosquito as the main responsible of the transmission, persuading people to eliminate domestic containers. However, it is not clear how should people understand the relationship between adult mosquitoes and water domestic containers. So, the main goal of the present study was to assess the people understanding of this relationship. Results showed that most people associate adult mosquitoes with DZC, but only few could associate swimming larvae with mosquitoes. The unawareness of larva presence leads to an underestimation of risk perception about DZC transmission. In this context, we consider that educative interventions for health promotion, based on meaningful knowledge and social representations arise as long-term strategies to control transmission of vector-borne diseases. Here, we propose innovative health strategies focused on increase the risk perception about swimming larvae, considering social representations, which may be a key stepping stone to increase people adherence to massive campaigns and reducing DZC burden.

scholarly journals A new algorithm quantifies the roles of wind and midge flight activity in the bluetongue epizootic in northwest Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1737) ◽  
pp. 2354-2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Sedda ◽  
Heidi E. Brown ◽  
Bethan V. Purse ◽  
Laura Burgin ◽  
John Gloster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flight Speed ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Infected Insect ◽  
Vector Borne

The 2006 bluetongue (BT) outbreak in northwestern Europe had devastating effects on cattle and sheep in that intensively farmed area. The role of wind in disease spread, through its effect on Culicoides dispersal, is still uncertain, and remains unquantified. We examine here the relationship between farm-level infection dates and wind speed and direction within the framework of a novel model involving both mechanistic and stochastic steps. We consider wind as both a carrier of host semio-chemicals, to which midges might respond by upwind flight, and as a transporter of the midges themselves, in a more or less downwind direction. For completeness, we also consider midge movement independent of wind and various combinations of upwind, downwind and random movements. Using stochastic simulation, we are able to explain infection onset at 94 per cent of the 2025 affected farms. We conclude that 54 per cent of outbreaks occurred through (presumably midge) movement of infections over distances of no more than 5 km, 92 per cent over distances of no more than 31 km and only 2 per cent over any greater distances. The modal value for all infections combined is less than 1 km. Our analysis suggests that previous claims for a higher frequency of long-distance infections are unfounded. We suggest that many apparent long-distance infections resulted from sequences of shorter-range infections; a ‘stepping stone’ effect. Our analysis also found that downwind movement (the only sort so far considered in explanations of BT epidemics) is responsible for only 39 per cent of all infections, and highlights the effective contribution to disease spread of upwind midge movement, which accounted for 38 per cent of all infections. The importance of midge flight speed is also investigated. Within the same model framework, lower midge active flight speed (of 0.13 rather than 0.5 m s −1 ) reduced virtually to zero the role of upwind movement, mainly because modelled wind speeds in the area concerned were usually greater than such flight speed. Our analysis, therefore, highlights the need to improve our knowledge of midge flight speed in field situations, which is still very poorly understood. Finally, the model returned an intrinsic incubation period of 8 days, in accordance with the values reported in the literature. We argue that better understanding of the movement of infected insect vectors is an important ingredient in the management of future outbreaks of BT in Europe, and other devastating vector-borne diseases elsewhere.

Evaluation of species composition and seasonal dynamics of mosquito larvae in the Košice Basin during 2010 and 2011

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Bocková ◽  
Alica Kočišová ◽  
Helena Hlavatá
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
Anopheles Maculipennis

AbstractIn six sites in the Košice Basin we collected 17,520 larvae of 15 mosquito species during the seasons (April–August) of 2010 and 2011. They were: Aedes vexans (Meigen, 1830), Ae. cinereus (Meigen, 1818) [or Ae. rossicus (Dolbeskin, Gorickaja & Mitrofanova, 1930], Ochlerotatus geniculatus (Olivier, 1791), Oc. refiki (Medschid, 1928), Oc. rusticus (Rossi, 1790), Oc. sticticus (Meigen, 1838), Oc. punctor (Kirby, 1837), Oc. cataphylla (Dyar, 1916), Oc. cantans (Meigen, 1818)[or Oc. annulipes (Meigen, 1830)], Oc. communis (De Geer, 1776), Oc. flavescens (Müller, 1764), Oc. leucomelas (Meigen, 1804), Culiseta annulata (Schrank, 1776), Culex pipiens (L., 1758) [or Cx. torrentium (Martini, 1925)] and Anopheles maculipennis s.l. The objective of the present research was to identify the mosquito larvae species diversity and compare their distribution and density in urban and suburban localities of the monitored territory.

Emerging role of doxycycline in vector-borne diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Paula Olivera ◽  
Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez ◽  
Carlos E. Pérez-Díaz ◽  
Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne
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