scholarly journals Study concerning the thermal energy balance in an internal combustion engine

2022 ◽  
Vol 960 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
Rm Popa ◽  
AT Borborean ◽  
V Stoica ◽  
I Ionel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Graphic User Interface ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Cooling Water Flow Rate ◽  
Test Engine ◽  
The Difference

Abstract In this scientific report the steps for achieving the energy balance on a test engine Daewoo 1.6 liter in 4 cylinders, with 4 valves per cylinder, its power being77 kW, are presented. The engine was connected to a hydraulic brake during the tests. The energy balance was established, based on measurements applied on the stand test, focusing to determine the lost heat and to conceive a Sankey diagram, accordingly. Two sets of measurements were performed and based on them the heat losses were determined and two Sankey diagrams were depicted. The lost heat through the cooling fluid is determined by measuring the cooling water flow rate and its inlet and outlet temperature. The lost heat through the exhaust gases is determined by the difference between the enthalpy of the exhaust gases and the enthalpy of fresh air. The lost heat due to incomplete chemical combustion is determined by analyzing the composition of the exhaust gases. The measurements are centralized on a graphic user interface, supported by a NI Compact RIO platform.

Experimental Study on the Desalination System Using Humidification-Dehumidification Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Hamed Abbady ◽  
Mahmoud Salem Ahmed ◽  
Hamdy Hassan ◽  
A.S.A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Cooling Water Flow Rate ◽  
Output Ratio

In this paper, an experimental work studies the principal operating parameters of a proposed desalination process using air humidification-dehumidification method. The major objective of this work is to determine the humid air behavior through the desalination system. Different operating conditions including the effect of the water temperature at the entry to the humidifier, the ratio of the mass of water to the air, the air/water flow rate, and cooling water at entry the dehumidifier on the desalination performance were studied. The results show that the freshwater increases with increasing the water temperature at the inlet of the humidifier, the ratio of the mass of water to air, and cooling water flow rate in the dehumidifier. Cooling water outlet temperature at the condenser increases with increasing the water temperature at humidifier inlet. Also, it decreases as increasing cooling water flow rate while the ratio of the mass of water to air achieves the highest productivity and gained output ratio (GOR). The achieved mass ratio (MR) is 4.5 and the mass flow rate of air is 0.8 kg/min.

Analisis Efektivitas Kondensor Di PLTU PT. Semen Tonasa Btg Unit I 2×25 MW

PoliGrid ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jamal Chandra Bhuana ◽  
Irfan Muh ◽  
Aqsha Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Steam Temperature ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Cooling Water Flow Rate

Abstract: This research was conducted to determine the effect of fouling on the effectiveness of condensers in the Steam Power Plant (PLTU) PT. Semen Tonasa. The research method used is data collection in the central control room PLTU PT. Semen Tonasa. Steam temperature inlet condenser (Thin), temperature of condensate water  (Thout), steam pressure inlet condenser (Ps), pressure of cooling water (Pcw), inlet temperature (Tcin) and outlet temperature of cooling water (Tcout), steam flow rate ( and cooling water flow rate () is the data needed in this research. Data were analyzed to get the value of effectiveness, number transfer of units (NTU), capacity ratio (C), log mean temperature different (LMTD) of the condenser. The results of the analysis showed that the decrease in condenser performance was influenced by the effect of fouling. Overhaul is done every 2 years. There was a decrease in NTU's value of 31.69% and an effective value of 22.29% in the period April 2016 to March 2018.

Application of New Individual Condenser Tube Circulating Water Flow and Fouling Meter in Performance Monitoring and Troubleshooting: A Case Study

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Harpster ◽  
Joseph W. Harpster ◽  
Sunish Shah ◽  
Gerald Weber ◽  
Michael Horn
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Cooling Water Flow Rate

Low cost, reliable and accurate real time measurement of individual tube condenser cooling water flow rate, cooling water outlet temperature and tube side fouling for the purpose of condenser performance monitoring and troubleshooting is presented. The importance and the effects of these parameters on condenser performance are well understood and periodically estimated using indirect measurements such as dye dilution testing to represent average tube circulating water velocities, distributed temperature sensors in waterboxes and differential pressure measurements between inlet and outlet waterboxes. These measurements, while useful, are not always effective to identify performance inhibiting issues quickly and accurately. This paper presents a cooperative study on the effects of circulating water flow and fouling and protective tube coatings for the purpose of condenser performance and monitoring improvement. The objective of the study was to evaluate new Circulating Water Flow and Fouling (CWFF) instrumentation [1], [2], [3] to evaluate impact of tube coating [4] on heat transfer and biofouling, and to examine the effect of other variables on on-going Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) attack on the SS condenser tubes. However, in addition to providing useful information on the coated tubes, the study unveiled a number of other condenser performance related issues. Real-time in-situ circulating water flow and fouling data over an entire 1-year period will be presented that: • Correlates real-time flow measurements to fouling as it occurs; • Assists in the evaluation of different circulating water pump capacities and configurations; • Identifies flow stratification within the water box and identifies whether or not waterboxes are filled; • Evaluates the heat transfer coefficient differences between the coated and uncoated tubes; • Identifies other performance related findings.

Efficient Replacement of Centrifugal With Absorption Chillers Upgrading the Heat Transfer of the Cooling Tower

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Rogdakis ◽  
V. D. Papaefthimiou
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Double Effect ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Absorption Chillers ◽  
Cooling Water Flow Rate

Abstract It is a general trend today, the old centrifugal machines to be replaced by new absorption machines. The mass flow rate of the cooling water in the centrifugal machines is normally 30% less than that in the two-stage absorption chiller for the same refrigerating capacity. Some absorption chillers manufacturers have updated and improved the double-effect technology increasing the cooling water temperature difference from the typical value of 5.5°C to 7.4°C and reducing the cooling water flow rate by about 30%. Using such a modern double effect absorption unit to replace a centrifugal chiller the same cooling water circuit can be used and the total cost of the retrofit is minimized. In this case a new flow pattern of the cooling tower is developed, and in this paper the design of a new tower fill is predicted taking into account the new factors characterizing the operating conditions and the required performance of the tower. As an example, the operational curves of a modified cooling tower (1500 KW cooling power) used by a 240 RT double-effect absorption chiller are presented.

Effective Fuel Consumption by Improving Cooling Water Flow Rate in IC Engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
K.M. Kumar ◽  
P. Venkateswaran ◽  
P. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Cooling Water Flow Rate

The coolant (water) pump assumes an important role of cooling system in IC engines. With upgrading of the engine power by turbocharging and turbo inter cooling, the water pump capacity needs to be increased corresponding to the power. This capacity enhancement has to be achieved without calling for a major change in the existing water pump, envelop and related fitment details. This requires a clear understanding of centrifugal pump for its performance parameter. One such engine is upgraded by turbocharging from 195PS to 240PS @2200 rpm. Improving water pump flow by changing the impeller dimensions, impeller casing, increase the suction, delivery pipe diameter had been done. Validation of the water pump in its actual engine installation was taken up as a part of the research work. Flow rate comparison of the new pump with the existing pump was made and the results were analyzed. The new water pump gives better flow rates for the engine speeds up to1800 rpm, beyond which the flow rate is slightly lesser than the existing pump.

An Analysis of Energy Flow in Diesel Engine on AVL-Boost

2021 ◽  
Vol 31.2 (149) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Useful Power ◽  
System Energy ◽  
Coolant System

Energy achieved by burning fuel in an internal combustion engine (ICE) is divided into several main parts such as useful power, heat transfer for coolant system, energy of exhaust gases and mechanical losses. A detailed analysis of the quantity and distribution of these components will be an essential basis in the study of ICE improvement. In this paper, the authors present the calculation of energy distribution on D243 diesel engine through simulation on AVL-Boost. The results showed that the average thermal efficiency of the ICE during all operating modes was 25.8%. The total energy transfer for the coolant system and the heat of exhaust gases is 63.54% and reaches maximum 103.7 kW in rated mode. The acquired results can be used as a research basis to improve the economics and technical aspects of ICE such as optimization of working conditions of coolant and lubricating systems. As well as calculate the equipment of turbocharger or systems that utilize energy of exhaust gases and cooling water.

Effect of the cooling water flow rate to control self-heating of coal in a cylindrical reactor heated by a hot plate heater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofi Hesti Fathia ◽  
Inkasandra Faranisa Kolang ◽  
Ricky Putro Satrio Wicaksono ◽  
Achmad Riadi ◽  
Yulianto Sulistyo Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Cooling Water Flow Rate ◽  
Cylindrical Reactor ◽  
Plate Heater

Forced Convection Condensation of Steam on a Small Bank of Horizontal Tubes

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Michael ◽  
W. C. Lee ◽  
J. W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Bank ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Horizontal Tubes ◽  
Cooling Water Flow Rate ◽  
In Series

Heat transfer measurements are reported for condensation of steam flowing vertically downward over a small bank of staggered horizontal tubes having 10 rows with 4 and 3 tubes per row. The tubes in each row were connected in series and separately supplied with cooling water. The cooling water flow rate and temperature rise were measured individually for each row and tube-wall temperatures were measured on selected tubes. Data were obtained at slightly above atmospheric pressure and the range of steam approach velocity (based on the cross-sectional area of the duct) was 6 to 23 m/s. A general trend of decreasing heat transfer coefficient with depth in the bank was found. However, superimposed on this was a “saw-tooth” effect with the three-tube rows having higher coefficients than the rows with four tubes. The amplitude of the coefficient variation decreased down the bank and was also less pronounced at lower vapor velocities. When compared with other experimental data for condensation of steam on small staggered banks, the present data exhibit somewhat higher vapor-side, heat transfer coefficients.

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