scholarly journals Membrane pervaporation performance applied for brackish water prepared by vacuum impregnation method

2021 ◽  
Vol 1195 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
N Huda ◽  
E Lulu Atika Rampun ◽  
R Ayu Lestari ◽  
Y Raharjo ◽  
D Heri Yuli Yanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Silica Membrane ◽  
Alumina Membrane ◽  
Silica Membranes ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Coating Method

Abstract Coating method and number of membrane layer are crucial factors on membrane performance. Through a vacuum impregnation method allows a sol solution uniformly fill into membrane support and it is required only less solution. The aim of this study is to apply vacuum impregnation method through vacuum calcination and air calcination during fabrication of silica membranes and to investigate the effect of layer variations on silica membranes performance to apply for brackish water. The sol solution was made from TEOS as silane precursor, ethanol and dual catalysts (citric acid + ammonia). Alumina membrane support was coated by vacuum impregnation method and calcined the membrane under air and vacuum condition. From the FTIR result, it indicates that silica membranes calcined in air and vacuum calcination have Si-O-Si and Si-OH. The vacuum impregnation obtained smoother surface membranes. The silica membrane calcined via vacuum calcination performs excellent water fluxes and salt rejection of 22.01 kg.m− 2.h−1 and 98.98 %. If compare to silica membranes calcined in air, the water flux (19.11 kg.m− 2.h−1) and salt rejection (98.75 %). It also found the two layers silica membrane is better than three layers for the membrane performance result.

scholarly journals Development of ZSM-22/Polyethersulfone Membrane for Effective Salt Rejection

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyiko M. Chauke ◽  
Richard M. Moutloali ◽  
James Ramontja
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Polyethersulfone Membrane ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Pes Membrane

ZSM-22/polyethersulfone membranes were prepared for salt rejection using modelled brackish water. The membranes were fabricated via direct ZSM-22 incorporation into a polymer matrix, thereby inducing the water permeability, hydrophilicity and fouling resistance of the pristine polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. A ZSM-22 zeolite material with a 60 Si/Al ratio, high crystallinity and needle-like morphologies was produced and effectively used as a nanoadditive in the development of ZSM-22/PES membranes with nominal loadings of 0–0.75 wt.%. The characterisation and membrane performance evaluation of the resulting materials with XRD, BET, FTIR, TEM, SEM and contact angle as well as dead-end cell, respectively, showed improved water permeability in comparison with the pristine PES membrane. These ZSM-22/PES membranes were found to be more effective and superior in the processing of modelled brackish water. The salt rejection of the prepared membranes for NaCl and MgCl2 was effective, while they exhibited quite improved water flux and flux recovery ratios in the membrane permeability and anti-fouling test. This indicates that different amounts of ZSM-22 nanoadditives produce widely divergent influences on the performance of the pristine PES membrane. As such, over 55% of salt rejection is observed, which means that the obtained membranes are effective in salt removal from water.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KINERJA MEMBRAN SILIKA PEKTIN UNTUK DESALINASI AIR PAYAU TERHADAP SUHU KALSINASI MEMBRAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Mahmud Mahmud ◽  
Fitri Ria Mustalifah ◽  
Akhbar Akhbar ◽  
Lilis Suryani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Rapid Thermal Processing ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Silica Membrane ◽  
Salt Rejection

Krisis air bersih khususnya di Kalimantan Selatan pada musim kemarau sering terjadi karena adanya intrusi air laut yang mengakibatkan air menjadi payau. Konsentrasi garam tinggi yang tidak sesuai baku mutu air bersih mengharuskan perlu adanya pengolahan. Oleh karena itu, proses desalinasi melalui pervaporasi menjadi pilihan untuk memisahkan kadar garam yang terlarut dalam air. Proses desalinasi dilakukan menggunakan membran silika yang dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan karbon dari pektin pisang untuk memperkuat struktur pori dan meningkatkan hidrostabilitas membran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja membran silika-pektin pisang dengan metode pervaporasi (PV) menggunakan umpan air payau (NaCl 0,3 wt%) pada suhu ruang (~25°C). Bahan utama pada pembuatan membran ini adalah tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Membran silika-pektin pisang dengan konsentrasi 1% dikalsinasi pada suhu 300°C dan suhu 400°C melalui teknik RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing). Nilai fluks membran pada suhu kalsinasi 300°C sebesar 4,5 kg.m-2.jam-1 dengan nilai rejeksi garamnya sebesar 99,64 %. Sedangkan pada membran dengan suhu kalsinasi 400°C menghasilkan nilai fluks sebesar 13,2 kg.m-2.jam-1 dengan nilai rejeksi garam sebesar 99,78%. Kinerja kedua membran menunjukkan hasil yang sangat baik pada suhu kalsinasi 400°C dikarenakan adanya pengaruh penyisipan karbon dalam matriks silika sehingga pori yang terbentuk lebih kuat.  Kata kunci: air payau, desalinasi air payau, membran silika-pektin, pektin pisang, pervaporasi. South Kalimantan during the dry season has been clean water scarcity, due to the sea water intrusion which formed brackish water. High salt concentration in brackish water is does not meet with clean water quality standards that necessary to processing before used. Therefore, the desalination process via pervaporation has chosen to separate the dissolved salt ions in water. The desalination process was carried out using a modified silica membrane by carbon templated from banana pectin to strengthen the pore structure and increase membrane hydro-stability. This work aims to determine the performance of banana silica-pectin membrane by pervaporation (PV) method, using brackish water (NaCl 0,3 wt%) at room temperature (~25°C). The main ingredient to make this membrane is tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Banana silica-pectin membrane with a concentration of 1% was calcined at 300 ° C and 400°C via RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing) technique. The water flux of membrane calcined at 300°C is 4,5 kg.m-2.h-1 with the salt rejection of 99,64%. Whereas the membrane in calcined temperature of 400°C produced a water flux of 13,2 kg.m-2.h-1 with a salt rejection of 99,78%. An excellent performance of both membranes showed at calcination temperature of 400°C due to the influence of carbon template in the silica matrices that makes the pores more robust. Keywords: banana pectin, brackish water, brackish water desalination, pervaporation, silica-pectin membrane.

scholarly journals PERFORMASI ORGANO SILICA MEMBRANE MENGGUNAKAN METODE SOL-GEL

Konversi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Dewi Rahmawati Suparsih ◽  
Syarifah Annahdliyah
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Silica Membrane ◽  
Salt Rejection

Abstrak-Air bersih adalah air sehat yang digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia sehari-hari. Namun pada saat ini ketersediaan air bersih di Kalimantan Selatan menjadi salah satu masalah. Kesulitan mendapatkan air bersih disebabkan kondisi air di kalimantan selatan yang sebagian besar berupa air gambut asin. Air gambut asin merupakan air yang terintrusi oleh air laut saat musim kemarau. Hal ini menyebabkan air gambut ini memiliki tingkat keasinan yang tinggi. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi krisis air bersih ini adalah dengan menggunakan teknologi membran. Membran adalah suatu media berpori, berbentuk film tipis yang berfungsi untuk memisahkan partikel dengan ukuran molekuler dalam suatu larutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan performansi organo silica membrane dengan metode sol gel dengan suhu refluks 50 ⁰C. Penelitian ini menggunakan artificial brackish water (0,3% NaCl) sebagai air umpan. Membran yang digunakan ini dibuat menggunakan metode sol gel  akan di-dipcoating dan dilakukan kalsinasi pada suhu 200 oC dan 600 oC. Nilai flux membran dengan suhu kalsinasi 600 ⁰C sebesar 0,6212 kgm-2h-1 dan nilai salt rejection sebesar 99,37067 % sedangkan pada membran dengan suhu kalsinasi 200 ⁰C nilai flux sebesar 0,5950 kgm-2h-1  dan nilai salt rejection sebesar 99,45831 %. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pada saat  membran dengan suhu kalsinasi 600 ⁰C mempunyai performasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan suhu 200 ⁰C yang disebabkan oleh ukuran pori-pori yang semakin besar terjadi pada membran yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 200 oC. Kata kunci: air gambut, membran, water flux, salt rejection

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF AN ORGANOSILICA-BASED MEMBRANE FROM TEOS-MTES AND ITS APPLICATION FOR DESALINATION OF WETLAND SALINE WATER

Konversi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilis Septyaningrum ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Fitri Ria Mustalifah ◽  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
Dewi Puspita Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Wetland Water ◽  
Hot Season

When hot season, South Kalimantan society which especially, in Muara Halyung village frequently go through clean water lacking. It becomes worst by water dirtied on wetland aquifer aftermath the seawater intrusion. Wetland water sources become saline and cannot be used for household needs. Organosilica membrane technology is one of methods can be used to remove salt contain in water. This study aims are to investigate the functionalization and organosilica membrane performance from TEOS-MTES which calcined on particularly temperature for wetland saline water desalination. Synthesis of organosilica sol was conducted by sol-gel method. Then the dried sol was calcined at 350°C and 600 °C, and characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed). Subsequently organosilica membrane was applicated for wetland saline water desalination via pervaporation. The result shows organosilica membrane performance was obtained the water flux 10,55 and 0,87 kg.m-2h-1 which calcined at 350 and 600 °C. The salt rejection in all membrane exhibits extremely high over 99%. It evinces the organosilica membrane from TEOS-MTES which calcined at 350 °C is great to applicated for wetland saline water desalination by both of water fluxes and salt rejection showed high.

Performance of Cobalt-Silica Membranes through Pervaporation Process with Different Feed Solution Concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Gesit Satriaji Saputro
Keyword(s):  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Silica Xerogels ◽  
Silica Membranes ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Value Of Water

This work shows the performance of cobalt-silica membranes through water desalination via pervaporation process. The aim of this work is to find out the performance of the cobalt oxide as a templating agent in the silica cobalt membranes for water desalination via pervaporation process. It also aims to investigate the water flux and salt rejection of silica cobalt membranes using artificial saline water. The concentration of cobalt oxide as a template for fabricating cobalt-silica membranes were 5 – 35 wt%. The feed solution applied during pervaporation process were 0.3 – 5 wt% NaCl with operating temperatures of 25, 40 and 60 °C. The silica xerogels were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). From the FTIR result, it is known that the higher the concentration of cobalt in the membrane, the more silanol and siloxane groups. Based on BET analysis, Si-Co 35 wt% membrane has largest pore volume (0.129387 cm3g-1). In addition, the highest value of water flux (7.2660 kg.m-2.h-1) and salt rejection (100%) is achieved by Si-Co 5% membrane in 0.3% NaCl feed at 60 °C. The value of water flux decreases and the value of salt rejection increases with increasing feed concentration.

Enhancement of Salt Rejection and Water Flux by Crosslinking-Induced Microstructure Change of N-substituted Polybenzimidazole Membranes

2015 ◽  
Vol 1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Aiba ◽  
Takahiro Tokuyama ◽  
Hidetoshi Matsumoto ◽  
Hiroki Tomioka ◽  
Tomoya Higashihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Pore Radius ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Semipermeable Membranes ◽  
Microstructure Change ◽  
Positron Annihilation Lifetime ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Coating Method

ABSTRACTCrosslinked or non-crosslinked ultrathin semipermeable membranes based on the N-butylated and N-butylsulfonated polybenzimidazole (BPBI and BSPBI) were successfully prepared by spin-coating method. Structural characterization by FTIR and WAXD revealed that the N-substitution and the crosslinked structure of PBI suppressed the hydrogen bonding and increased the d-spacing. Furthermore, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) clearly showed the pore radius change from 0.27-0.29 nm to 0.33 nm by crosslinking. As a result, the enhancement of water flux and NaCl rejection was achieved by the crosslinking of the BPBI and BSPBI. Especially, the crosslinked N-butylsulfonated PBI (CL-BSPBI) membrane significantly improved not only salt rejection but also water flux (NaCl rejection : 46 %, water flux : 22.1 L m-2 h-1) compared to those of non-crosslinked BSPBI one (NaCl rejection : 11 %, water flux : 1.88 L m-2 h-1) due to both the Donnan effect and the formation of larger pores in the membrane, respectively.

scholarly journals TEKNOLOGI MEMBRAN ORGANO-SILICA UNTUK DESALINASI AIR ASAM TAMBANG

Konversi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Norlian Ledyana Sari ◽  
Dhimas Ari Pratomo
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Silica Membrane ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Tetra Ethyl Orthosilicate

Abstrak- Pengolahan air asam tambang merupakan pengolahan air yang sangat dibutuhkan untuk membantu ketersediaan air bersih. Teknologi pengolahan air ini salah satunya adalah menggunakan teknologi membran (membran organo-silica) secara teknik desalinasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan performansi organo silica membrane menggunakan katalis organik. Untuk membuat thin film sebagai pelapis membran digunakan metode sol-gel dengan precursor tetra ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Thin film ini selanjutnya di dipcoating ke membrane support sebanyak 4 layer dan dikalsinasi pada suhu 200, 250 dan 600 oC. Teknik desalinasi yang digunakan adalah berupa proses pervaporasi dengan menggunakan artificial brine water (5%, 7,5%, 10% dan 15%) sebagai air umpan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai water flux adalah sebesar 0.39; 0.44 dan 0.82 kg m-2 h-1  (untuk thin film membran yang menggunakan suhu 50oC) dengan nilai salt rejection sebesar ~100 % untuk setiap membran. Nilai water flux ini berturut-turut untuk membran yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 200, 250 dan 600 oC). Dari hasil water flux dan salt rejection diketahui bawa membran yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 600oC memberikan nilai water flux tertinggi walaupun semua membrane memberikan nilai salt rejection yang mendekati 100%). Jenis membrane ini berkemungkinan memberikan ukuran pori-pori yang agak besar karena kandungan carbon yang sudah terikat pada struktur silika sudah terdekomposisi sempurna pada suhu tinggi, sehingga menambah besar ukuran pori-pori dari struktur silika. Ukuran pori-pori ini menyebabkan nilai water flux menjadi lebih tinggi. Kata kunci: brine water, flux, reflux, salt rejection, pervaporasi

scholarly journals Organo Silica Membranes for Wetland Saline Water Desalination: Effect of membranes calcination temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 07006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riani Ayu Lestari ◽  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
Dewi Suparsih ◽  
Syarifah Anadhliyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Silica Membranes ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Membrane Pores ◽  
Sol Gel Process

Wetland saline water has great potential to overcome water scarcity due to high salinity of intruded seawater. This work determines performance of silica membranes using organo catalyst applied for wetland saline water desalination via pervaporation and investigates the effect of calcination temperatures. These membranes were prepared from precursor tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) for 3 h through sol-gel process refluxed at 0°C (membrane A) and 50°C (membrane B). The sols were dipcoated onto alumina (Al2O3) support for 4 layers followed by calcination for 1 h. Performance of membranes were evaluated by feeding wetland saline water through desalination at room temperature. Results show the water flux for membrane A were 0.27 & 0.15 kg.m-2.h-1 and salt rejection were 97.5 & 99 % as a function of calcination temperature (200 & 250°C), respectively. Furthermore, water flux of membranes B were 0.90 & 0.93 kg.m-2.h-1 and excellent salt rejection (>99.9 %) for both calcination temperatures. The highest water flux and salt rejection were found for membranes B. For both using citric acid under refluxed and calcination process, it gives more vibration of Si-C formation and membrane pores. This membrane is the very first and mesoporous organo silica membranes which is successfully fabricated from organo catalyst.

scholarly journals Innovative Nanostructured Membranes for Reverse Osmosis Water Desalination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haleema Saleem ◽  
Syed Javaid Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Selective Layer ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Tfc Membrane ◽  
Ro Membrane

Reverse osmosis (RO) is considered as the most widely utilized technique worldwide for water treatment. However, the commercial thin-film composite (TFC) membranes, which are normally made of polyamide (PA) through interfacial polymerization (IP), still experience certain major issues in performance and fabrication. The spin assisted layer-by-layer (SA-LbL) technique was established for overcoming some drawbacks with commercially available PA membranes. Also, recent investigations have recognized the nanoparticle inclusion into the selective layer as a powerful technique for improving the membrane efficiency. Hence, two different methodologies are presented here to improve the membrane performance, i.e., (1) SA-LbL technique to fabricate TFC membrane by the deposition of alternate ultrathin layers of different polyelectrolytes on polysulfone (PSF) commercial ultrafiltration membrane and (2) the nanoclay incorporation into the membranes during IP process to develop TFC membrane. Two types of nanoclays, cloisite (CS)-15A and montmorillonite (MNT), were incorporated to enhance the separation efficiency. This SA-LbL is an innovative method for the RO membrane manufacture, and has not been described earlier to the best of our knowledge. In addition, this work validated for the first time, the efficiency of the two nanoclays at the PA selective layer in the RO membrane. The membrane performance was evaluated using sodium chloride solution in a cross-flow permeation-testing cell for salt rejection and water flux. The results show significant improvement in water flux and salt rejection. The permeation test of 120 bilayers of poly (allylaminehydrochloride)/poly (vinylsulfate) on PSF substrate showed water flux of 37 L/ (m2.h) and salt rejection of 53%, for a 2000-ppm salt solution feed. The highest water flux of 40 L/m2.h with 80% salt rejection, relative to the control membrane was obtained for the membranes containing nanoclays at 25oC temperature, 40.0 bar pressure and 2000 ppm feed concentration. Thus, our study demonstrated that these TFC membranes are promising, and these novel fabrication techniques are great tool to manufacture the RO membrane.

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