Possibility of Using Cotton Knitted Fabric Waste in Concrete

Abstract The use of waste and recycled materials in the construction industry, especially in concrete production, is becoming increasingly popular. The production of cotton underwear generates a certain amount of knitted fabric waste. This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using cotton knitted fabric waste (CKFW) in concrete and to explore its potential application in the construction industry. The aim of the study is not only to reduce the waste but also to add positive properties to the concrete. A total of 4 mixes were prepared for testing purposes. CKFW were cut into small pieces of size about 6-8 cm x 2 cm. The addition of CKFW was a substitute for aggregates and replaced 0, 2.5, 5 and 10% of the total volume of aggregates in the concrete mix to make the concrete lighter. All mixes have the same amount of cement, water and superplasticizer. The knitted waste was saturated in water before mixing with other concrete components. The properties of the fresh mix were determined by slump method. The dynamic modulus of elasticity, flexural strength and compressive strength were tested on 28 days old concrete specimens. The σ-δ diagram is also presented. It was found that specimens with CKFW have better flexural strength and higher ductility but lower compressive strength than the reference concrete mix. The mix with the highest percentage of CKFW reduced the compressive strength by 28%, while the specimens with lower percentage of CKFW increased the flexural strength by 20% compared to the reference mix. The capillary water absorption capacity of concrete is closely related to its durability. The water absorption by capillarity was measured after 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 45, 60 min, and 4 and 24 h. The increase in the amount of water absorbed was found to be higher than that of the reference mix. It was related to the percentage increase in the knitted waste and the values obtained ranged from 3.3 to 5.6% of the mass of the dry sample. The largest reduction in concrete density was 3.8% compared to the reference mix. Based on the obtained results, recommendations for further tests are given.

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Experimental Investigation on Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement with Bamboo Leaf Ash on Concrete Property

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/6468444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Gashaw Abebaw ◽

Bahiru Bewket ◽

Shumet Getahun

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Construction Industry ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Setting Time ◽

Sulfate Attack ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Concrete Production ◽

Bamboo Leaf Ash ◽

Price Escalation

Ethiopia’s construction industry is aggressively expanding than ever before. Cement is the most essential and expensive material in this regard. Cement takes 10%–15% by volume of concrete. Nowadays, the construction industry is challenged by the scarcity of cement and price escalation of the cement market. However, scholars try to replace cement with pozzolanic material. Besides this, they investigated that bamboo leaf ash possesses pozzolanic properties. Ethiopia has about 850,000 hectares of lowland bamboo, so it is good to utilize bamboo leaf ash as a replacement material for cement. In this study, the capability of lowland Ethiopian bamboo leaf ash as a partial substitute for cement in C-25 concrete production with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of OPC by BLA with 0.49 percent water-to-cement ratio was investigated. This study examines the chemical properties of BLA, physical properties of cement paste, workability, compressive strength, water absorption, density, and sulfate attack of concrete. The chemical composition of bamboo leaf ash was examined, the summation of SiO2, AlO3, and FeO3 is 76.35%, and the ash was classified class N pozzolan. The normal consistency percentage of water increases as the BLA replacement amount increases, and both initial and final setting time ranges increase as the BLA replacement amount increases. The compressive strength of concrete for 5% and 10% BLA achieves the target mean strength (33.5 MPa) on the 28th day, and on the 56th day, 5% and 10% replacements increase the concrete strength by 1.84% and 0.12%, respectively. The water absorption and sulfate attack have significant improvement of the BLA-blended concrete on 5% and 10% BLA content. According to the findings, bamboo leaf ash potentially substitutes cement up to 10%. The outcome of the study will balance the cement price escalation and increase housing affordability without compromise in quality.

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Study on Waterproof and Water-Resistant Properties of Gypsum

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1585 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 476-478 ◽

pp. 1585-1588

Author(s):

Hong Pan ◽

Guo Zhong Li

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Ordinary Portland Cement ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Softening Coefficient

The comprehensively modified effect of cement, VAE emulsion and self-made acrylic varnish on mechanical and water-resistant properties of gypsum sample was investigated and microstructure of gypsum sample was analyzed. Experimental results exhibit that absolutely dry flexural strength, absolutely dry compressive strength, water absorption and softening coefficient of gypsum specimen with admixture of 10% ordinary Portland cement and 6% VAE emulsion and acrylic varnish coated on its surface can respectively reach to 5.11MPa , 10.49 MPa, 8.32% and 0.63, respectively.

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Effect of Cyclic Exposure of Chemicals on Compressive Strength of Polyester Resin Based Polymer Concrete

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.687.185 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 687 ◽

pp. 185-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Masoud Jamshidi ◽

Mohammad Javad Ghasemi ◽

Abdolreza Hashemi

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Construction Industry ◽

Polyester Resin ◽

Unsaturated Polyester ◽

Concrete Structures ◽

Polymer Concrete ◽

Acid Solutions ◽

Gas Oil ◽

Demineralized Water ◽

Concrete Production

Polymer concretes (PC) were introduced to building and construction industry more than 50 years ago. Gradually, they became a suitable substitute for concrete structures. Their superior properties againt aggresives introduced them as a good overlay for concrete structures; however, their application was shortly diminished due to the higher costs. In this research a homemade cost-quality effective resin (unsaturated polyester) is used as binder in the polymer concrete production. Polymer concrete specimens were evaluated for compressive strength and its fluctuation due to cyclic exposure to different aggresive solutions (sulfuric acid, nitric acid, citric acid, chloridric acid, sodum sulfate, water, demineralized water, sodium hydroxid, potasium hydroxid and gas oil). It was found that PC specimens degraded more in alkali conditioned in comparison to acid solutions.

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Influences of shrinkage reducing admixture on the mechanical properties, drying shrinkage, water absorption and porosity of Portland cement mortar

Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE ◽

10.31814/stce.nuce2021-15(3)-05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 55-67

Author(s):

Nguyen Van Chinh

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Drying Shrinkage ◽

Effective Porosity ◽

Minor Effect ◽

Wide Range ◽

Shrinkage Reducing Admixture ◽

A Minor

Drying shrinkage is the main cause of early age cracking of concrete and mortar. A wide range of research has been conducted to reduce the drying shrinkage, including using fibres or chemical admixtures. This paper investigated the effect of shrinkage reducing admixture on the flexural strength, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, water absorption and porosity of mortar. The mix compositions were ordinary Portland cement (OPC) : sand : liquid = 1: 1: 0.38 in which liquid consisted of water and shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA). SRA was used at the proportions of 2%, 4%, and 7% by weight of cement. The test results show that SRA reduces the flexural and compressive strengths of mortar. The reduction in flexural strength and compressive strength at 28 days is 14% and 25%, respectively at 7% SRA dosage. In addition, SRA significantly reduces the drying shrinkage and water absorption of mortar. At 7% SRA dosage, the drying shrinkage at 53 days is reduced by 60% while the water absorption rate at 24 hours is reduced by 54%. However, SRA has a minor effect on the pore size distribution, effective porosity, and cumulative intrusion volume of mortar.

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THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM ASH INCORPORATION IN FOAMED CONCRETE

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v75.4996 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Farah A. Hadi ◽

Hanizam Awang ◽

Muhammed Zuhear Almulali

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Drying Shrinkage ◽

Target Density ◽

Concrete Mix ◽

Different Ages ◽

Foamed Concrete ◽

Oil Palm Ash ◽

Enhanced Properties

This paper investigates the effect of replacing different portions of cement by fine oil palm ash (FOPA). A target density of 1000 kg/m3 was used for the foamed concrete mixes. A foamed concrete mix of 1 part binder, 2 parts filler and 0.45 part of water has been used. Cement was replaced at levels of 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65% by weight of binder. The compressive strength, density, water absorption, drying shrinkage and sorptivity were tested at different ages. The mix containing 25% of fine OPA showed enhanced properties in comparison to the control mix at the age of 90 days. The mixed showed higher compressive strength, less water absorption, increased density and lesser sorptivity. However, the same mix showed higher shrinkage readings than that of the control mix.

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Properties of Concrete Prepared with Recycled Aggregates Treated by Bio-Deposition Adding Oxygen Release Compound

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12132147 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (13) ◽

pp. 2147 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yaguang Zhu ◽

Quanquan Li ◽

Peizhen Xu ◽

Xiangrui Wang ◽

Shicong Kou

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

High Water ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Recycled Aggregates ◽

Culture Solution ◽

Oxygen Release ◽

Micro Cracks ◽

Concrete Production ◽

New Treatment

Recycled aggregates have high water absorption and crushing index. In order to improve the properties of recycled aggregates in concrete production, various treatments were used to modify the aggregates. In recent years, bio-deposition as a new treatment method of recycled aggregates was environmentally friendly. An improved method of bio-deposition was implemented to modify the properties of recycled mortar aggregates (RMA). O-bio-deposition is based on aerobic bacteria induced CaCO3 precipitation by respiration by varying the distance between the RMA and the bottom of the container and by adding an oxygen release compound to the culture solution that contains bacteria to promote the induction of CaCO3. First, the physical properties, including water absorption, crushing value, and apparent density, of the coarse RMA under different treatment methods were determined, and an o-bio-deposition treatment method was obtained. The fine RMA was treated and compared with the untreated RMA. Concretes were then prepared from the treated coarse RMA, and compressive strength and slump were determined. In addition, the effect of the o-bio-deposition treatment on the RMA surface and the micro-cracks of concretes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the water absorption and crushing index of the coarse RMA treated by o-bio-deposition were reduced by 40.38 and 19.76% compared with untreated RMA, respectively. Regarding the concrete, the slump and the compressive strength (28 d) of concrete were increased by 115% and 25.3%, respectively compared with the untreated concrete.

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Comparative Strength and Cost of Rice Husk Concrete Block

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201928004002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 280 ◽

pp. 04002

Author(s):

Setya Winarno

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Concrete Block ◽

Strength Analysis ◽

Normal Concrete ◽

Comparative Cost ◽

Concrete Production ◽

Sustainable Materials ◽

The Cost

This research presents a comparative cost and strength analysis of rice husk concrete block which is aimed at reducing the cost of concrete production and emphasizing environmentally and friendly sustainable materials. Concrete block materials consist of cement, filler, and rice husk. Tests were performed to compare the strength and cost of seven cement rice husk weight ratios designated ranging from 0.67 to 2.00 with constant water cement ration of 0.4. Samples have been tested for 28-day strength. The analysis of the results has showed that the higher proportions of rice husk correspond to decreased strength dan cost polynomially. At 134% proportion of rice husk, it is optimum value for rice husk concrete block. In this point, the compressive strength satisfies the standard. Also, water absorption of 16,04% justifies the maximum standard. Overall, the cost of 134% RH concrete is Rp 511,809 per m3 which is 42.5% cheaper than normal concrete block.

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The Influence of Discharge Time, Kind of Additive, and Kind of Aggregate on the Properties of Three-Stage Mixed Concrete

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10113862 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3862 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alena Sicakova ◽

Karol Urban

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Recycled Concrete ◽

Recycled Aggregates ◽

Concrete Aggregate ◽

Discharge Time ◽

Concrete Mixtures ◽

Concrete Properties ◽

Concrete Production ◽

The Impact

Application of recycled aggregates (RA) for concrete production is limited due to their poor quality. While the environmental benefits of using the RA are well accepted, some unsolved problems prevent this type of material from wide application in structural concrete. The research and development of techniques which can minimize the adverse effect of RA on the concrete properties are highly requested. A specific mixing approach can also be helpful; here, mineral additives play a significant role for improvement of RA performance within the mixing process. However, delivery process can influence the homogeneity and uniformity of the concrete mixtures, resulting in negative effect on technical parameters. In this study, the impact of delivery time (0 min, 45 min, and 90 min) on the set of hardened concrete properties is presented while the three-stage mixing is used. Two kinds of additives—fly ash (FA) and recycled concrete powder (RCP)—were tested to coat the coarse fraction of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in the first step of mixing. For comparison, cement as coating material and natural aggregate instead the RCA were also used. The following parameters were tested after 28 days of setting and hardening: density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption capacity, and depth of penetration of water under pressure. Generally, 90 min of working with concrete mixtures left no significantly negative influence on tested characteristics. Based on ANOVA results, with prolonged discharge time, the changes in composition of the mixtures become less important for compressive strength, density, and water absorption.

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