scholarly journals Removal of ammonia by palm oil clinker (POC) as submerged fixed media in sequence batch reactor (SBR) mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
Y Z Chew ◽  
Z K Yap ◽  
S R M Kutty ◽  
A A S Ghaleb ◽  
N M Y Almahbashi
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Fixed Media ◽  
Sequence Batch Reactor

Effects of perlite and caustic soda on microorganism activities of leachate in a sequence batch reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (18) ◽  
pp. 2321-2334
Author(s):  
Etesam Ganjian ◽  
Majid Peyravi ◽  
Ali Asqar Ghoreyshi ◽  
Mohsen Jahanshahi ◽  
Soodabeh Khalili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sequence Batch Reactor

scholarly journals Evaluation of dolomite as catalyst in the transesterification reaction using palm oil (RBD)

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (209) ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Stephanie Alexa Ñústez Castaño ◽  
Duvan Oswaldo Villamizar Castro ◽  
Edgar Mauricio Vargas Solano
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rbd Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Ester Content

In this study, the catalytic activity of dolomite was evaluated for the transesterification of Colombian RBD palm oil with methanol, carried out in a batch reactor at 333,15K and 600rpm. The activated dolomites (calcined at 1073.15K for 2h) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Hammett indicators method, and quantification of the surface area, average pore size and average pore volume BET. The influence of reaction variables such as catalyst amount (%wt /wt) and methanol / palm oil molar ratio (mole/mole) was investigated. Under the suitable reaction conditions, the amount of calcined dolomite equal to 4% (wt /wt) based on the weight of oil, the methanol-oil molar ratio equal to 9:1, and the reaction time = 1h, the methyl ester content of 82.67% of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) can be achieved.

Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Electrocoagulation Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
Tipakorn Suwannarat ◽  
Nipon Pisutpaisal ◽  
Siriorn Boonyawanich
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The purpose of current study was to examine the ability of electrocoagulation in decreasing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) constituted in palm oil mill effluent. Bench-scale batch reactor containing two aluminum or steel plates (10 cm width × 30 cm height with 0.1 cm thickness) serving as electrodes with the interval distance of 3 cm was set up. The wastewater with COD concentration of 68,425 mg L-1 was treated in the reactor under the varied direct currents (0.3-1.3 A) and contact time (30-120 min). Sodium chloride was added to the wastewater to obtain the final concentration of 2 g L-1 (conductivity of 10 ms) prior to being fed into the reactor. The results showed that higher treatment efficiency when the aluminum was used as electrodes compared to the steel. COD removal efficiency was directly proportional to the contact time. The maximum COD and TSS removal observed at 1.3 A current input and 60 min contact time are 74.1 and 77.0%, respectively.

High-rate nitrogen removal and its behavior of granular sequence batch reactor under step-feed operational strategy

2013 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhong ◽  
Yaqin Wang ◽  
Yongjian Wang ◽  
Junping Lv ◽  
Yaochen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Operational Strategy ◽  
Sequence Batch Reactor

Epoxidation of Palm Oil Catalyzed by Titanium-Grafted Silica Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ismail Sharifah Nafisah ◽  
Ahmad Faiza Mohd ◽  
Mohamed Rahmah ◽  
Yhaya Firdaus ◽  
Fauzi Roslinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Nmr Spectrum ◽  
Epoxidized Palm Oil ◽  
Epoxidation Reaction ◽  
Epoxy Groups ◽  
Scanning Electron

Epoxidation reaction is an important reaction in organic synthesis because the formed epoxides are intermediates that can be converted to a variety of products. Catalytic palm oil epoxidation using titanium-grafted silica, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxoformic acid was carried out at 60 °C in a fixed batch reactor. Titanium-grafted silica with different percentages of silica content was prepared through sol-gel hydrolysis and was utilized in epoxidation of palm oil. Titanium-grafted silica particles and Epoxidized palm oil were characterized by techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The TiOSi bonds were detected at 960 cm-1in Ti-Si 0.5 and exhibited highest yield of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) in the epoxidation process which is 84% conversion of unsaturation in palm oil to epoxy groups. New peaks observed in the range of δ 2.4 ppm to 3.6 ppm in the NMR spectrum of EPO belong to protons of the epoxy cyclic ring group, CH-O-CH confirming successful epoxidation of palm oil using the prepared catalyst.

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