Algorithm offers personalized audio in enclosed space

Physics World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 7ii-7ii
Author(s):  
Sam Jarman
Keyword(s):  
Enclosed Space

An acoustic algorithm could soon let occupants of a car cabin listen to different audio programmes without the need for headphones.

scholarly journals Listener-Position and Orientation Dependency of Auditory Perception in an Enclosed Space: Elicitation of Salient Attributes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Bogdan Ioan Băcilă ◽  
Hyunkook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Repertory Grid Technique ◽  
Apparent Source ◽  
Grid Technique ◽  
Subjective Study ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
Orientation Dependency

This paper presents a subjective study conducted on the perception of auditory attributes depending on listener position and head orientation in an enclosed space. Two elicitation experiments were carried out using the repertory grid technique—in-situ and laboratory experiments—which aimed to identify perceptual attributes among 10 different combinations of the listener’s positions and head orientations in a concert hall. It was found that, between the in-situ and laboratory experiments, the listening positions and head orientations were clustered identically. Ten salient perceptual attributes were identified from the data obtained from the laboratory experiment. Whilst these included conventional attributes such as ASW (apparent source width) and LEV (listener envelopment), new attributes such as PRL (perceived reverb loudness), ARW (apparent reverb width) and Reverb Direction were identified, and they are hypothesised to be sub-attributes of LEV (listener envelopment). Timbral characteristics such as Reverb Brightness and Echo Brightness were also identified as salient attributes, which are considered to potentially contribute to the overall perceived clarity.

Computer Prediction of Insertion Loss Due to a Single Barrier in a Non-Diffuse Empty Enclosed Space

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Dance ◽  
J.P. Roberts ◽  
B.M. Shield
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Theory ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Test Space ◽  
Computer Prediction ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Geometric Acoustics ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
Barrier Model

This paper describes the development of an efficient barrier model for the prediction of sound distribution in non-diffuse empty enclosed spaces. Diffraction is modelled using an extended version of the Ondet and Barbry computer model, RAYCUB, which is a proven model used to predict sound distribution in empty and fitted non-diffuse enclosed spaces. As RAYCUB is based on geometric acoustics, it is not possible to directly model diffraction around a barrier. Diffraction around barriers is known to cause only localised, frequency dependent effects on sound distribution in acoustically complex environments such as factories. It was intended that a barrier model should impose a minimum of additional computation time on the factory noise prediction program. Three methods of approximating barriers were developed, all based upon a simplified implementation of the geometric theory of diffraction. The barrier models were tested in two configurations of an empty test space. The model REDIR gave more accurate results than the original RAYCUB model, especially at lower frequencies.

The Influence of Ventilation Gaps on the Dynamics of a Fire in an Enclosed Space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis-Mihai Burada ◽  
Florin-George Gionea ◽  
Andrei-Mugur Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Enclosed Space

Transitioning Escape Rooms to a Virtual Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 104687812110351
Author(s):  
Jared M. Kutzin ◽  
Jenny E. Sanders ◽  
Christopher G. Strother
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Virtual Experiences ◽  
Enclosed Space

Escape room games have gained in popularity in both entertainment and education venues over the past several year. The global health pandemic put an abrupt end to in-person escape room programs due to the enclosed space in which they take place. In an attempt to continue to utilize the escape room concept we set about to create a virtual escape room using commonly available software and assessed its usability and participant feelings about the experience. The results indicated that the participants thought the escape room was engaging (88%), that they had to work as a team (95%), and that they overall enjoyed the experience (85%). Virtual experiences cannot completely replace in-person experiences, but there are ways to introduce important teamwork and communication concepts to participants and make online meetings and conferences more engaging.

IoT-Based Auto-Disinfectant Sprinkler System for Large Enclosed Space

2021 ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
K. S. Ackshaya Varshini ◽  
T. Aghil ◽  
G. Anuradha ◽  
Y. Ashwin Ramanathan ◽  
G. Suganya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Enclosed Space

Prevention of suicide due to charcoal burning

2021 ◽  
pp. 743-748
Author(s):  
Ying-Yeh Chen ◽  
Jacky Wong ◽  
Paul Yip
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Common Method ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Charcoal Burning ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
The Media ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
Year 2000

Since the year 2000, suicide by combustion of barbecue charcoal in an enclosed space has become a common method of suicide in many East Asian countries. The spread of charcoal burning suicides was related to the pervasive media glamorization of the method to be a painless, peaceful, and effective way to end one’s life. Popularity of the internet accompanying its contagious effect further imposes challenges in suicide prevention, in particular, in the prevention of charcoal burning suicides. In areas where charcoal burning has already become a common method of suicide, effective strategies include working with the media to moderate the reporting of suicide news and creating barriers in the purchase of charcoal. In other areas where the method is still not widely known, muting the media reporting of this specific method of suicide to eliminate its ‘cognitive availability’ is key to prevent the seeding of charcoal burning suicides.

A human reliability assessment through enclosed space entry operation onboard ships

2020 ◽  
pp. 147509022097986
Author(s):  
Omer Soner ◽  
Metin Celik
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Human Element ◽  
Administrative Control ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
Systematic Control ◽  
Safe Working

An enclosed space poses a serious risk to workers since its atmosphere can be oxygen-deficient, polluted or contain flammable and/or toxic gases or vapours. Hence, it is important to keep in mind that an enclosed space should not be entered unless it is absolutely necessary. However, many processes often need the worker to be present in an enclosed space. At this point, great attention should be paid to create and maintain safe working conditions, when entering enclosed space is required. Even though studies have investigated several aspects of enclosed space entry, further research is required to explore the human element role. This is urgently needed, considering that human errors are one of the main reasons for enclosed space entry accidents. Hence, this study has investigated the human element role during an enclosed space entry operation via the enhanced SOHRA method. Three scenarios have been developed to assess HEP values. Beyond that, systematic control measure assignment is provided to reduce HEP values. Hierarchy of control measures are considered to improve entering enclosed space operational safety. Elimination (drone-assisted survey), substitution (IoT), engineering (permit control system-PCS), and administrative control measures (electronic permit) have been proposed. Further, this study results can also provide useful insight for other industries (petrochemical, oil, refinery, gas, agriculture, construction etc.), where the accidents in enclosed spaces taking place. Therefore, the study provides not only a theoretical insight but also practical application to improve the safety of seafarers.

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