Factors Associated with Transition of HIV Care Readiness Among Adolescents and Youth from a Specialty Pediatric HIV Clinic in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 495-502
Author(s):  
Leah R. Harris ◽  
Heather J. Hoffman ◽  
Caleb J. Griffith ◽  
Nara Lee ◽  
Wei Li A. Koay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Factors Associated

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Genital and Extragenital Chlamydia and Gonorrhea among Transgender Women in HIV Care in the United States; 2005-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia T. Van Gerwen ◽  
Ashutosh Tamhane ◽  
Andrew O. Westfall ◽  
Michael J. Mugavero ◽  
Heidi M. Crane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Factors Associated

Shifting the Paradigm in HIV Prevention and Treatment Service Delivery Toward Differentiated Care for Youth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Guilamo-Ramos ◽  
Marco Thimm-Kaiser ◽  
Adam Benzekri ◽  
Donna Futterman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Differentiated Care

Despite significant progress in the fight against HIV/AIDS in the United States, HIV prevention and treatment disparities among key populations remain a national public health concern. While new HIV diagnoses are increasing among people under age 30—in particular among racial, ethnic, and sexual minority adolescents and young adults (AYA)—dominant prevention and treatment paradigms too often inadequately consider the unique HIV service needs of AYA. To address this gap, we characterize persistent and largely overlooked AYA disparities across the HIV prevention and treatment continuum, identify AYA-specific limitations in extant resources for improving HIV service delivery in the United States, and propose a novel AYA-centered differentiated care framework adapted to the unique ecological and developmental factors shaping engagement, adherence, and retention in HIV services among AYA. Shifting the paradigm for AYA to differentiated HIV care is a promising approach that warrants implementation and evaluation as part of reinforced national efforts to end the HIV epidemic in the United States by 2030.

Mass School Shootings in the United States: A Novel Root Cause Analysis Using Lay Press Reports

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (13) ◽  
pp. 1423-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Rees ◽  
Lois K. Lee ◽  
Eric W. Fleegler ◽  
Rebekah Mannix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Shootings ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Root Cause

School shootings comprise a small proportion of childhood deaths from firearms; however, these shootings receive a disproportionately large share of media attention. We conducted a root cause analysis of 2 recent school shootings in the United States using lay press reports. We reviewed 1760 and analyzed 282 articles from the 10 most trusted news sources. We identified 356 factors associated with the school shootings. Policy-level factors, including a paucity of adequate legislation controlling firearm purchase and ownership, were the most common contributing factors to school shootings. Mental illness was a commonly cited person-level factor, and access to firearms in the home and availability of large-capacity firearms were commonly cited environmental factors. Novel approaches, including root cause analyses using lay media, can identify factors contributing to mass shootings. The policy, person, and environmental factors associated with these school shootings should be addressed as part of a multipronged effort to prevent future mass shootings.

Mainstream Flavor: Ethnic Cuisine and Assimilation in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-85
Author(s):  
Anna Boch ◽  
Tomás Jiménez ◽  
Katharina Roesler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Culture Change ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
Restaurant Reviews ◽  
Mexican Populations

Assimilation theories posit that cultural change is part and parcel of the assimilation process. That change can register in the symbols and practices that individuals invoke as part of an ethnic experience. But cultural change also includes the degree to which the mainstream takes up those symbols and practices as part of its composite culture. We develop a way to examine whether cuisine, an important component of ethnic culture, is part of the mainstream’s composite culture and the contextual factors associated with the presence of ethnic cuisine in the composite culture. We begin with a comparison of 761,444 reviews of Mexican, Italian, Chinese, and American restaurants across the United States from Yelp!, an online customer review platform. We find that reviews of Mexican restaurants mention ethnicity and authenticity much more than reviews of Italian and American restaurants, but less than reviews of Chinese restaurants, suggesting intermediate mainstreaming of Mexican cuisine. We then examine Mexican restaurant reviews in the 82 largest U.S. core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) to uncover the contextual factors associated with Mexican cuisine’s local mainstream presence. We find that Mexican food is less defined in ethnic terms in CBSAs with larger and more culturally distinct Mexican populations and at less-expensive restaurants. We argue that regional versions of the composite culture change as ethnic groups come to define a region demographically and culturally.

“In the Bible Belt:” The role of religion in HIV care and prevention for transgender people in the United States South

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 102613
Author(s):  
Darius Scott ◽  
Nastacia M. Pereira ◽  
Sayward E. Harrison ◽  
Meagan Zarwell ◽  
Kamla Sanasi-Bhola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Bible Belt ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
United States South ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Role Of Religion

Leadership Continuity and Change in Hmong Refugee Communities in the United States

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Jeremy Hein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
International Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Authority Structures

Political violence and international migration have the potential to disrupt leadership continuity in Hmong refugee communities in the United States. At the same time, clan and village authority structures from Laos favor leadership continuity despite dramatic social change. Data on 40 Hmong leaders in ten communities are used to determine if the indigenous sources of leadership continue to determine who becomes a leader after resettlement. The majority of leaders were leaders in Southeast Asia and have close kin who were leaders, indicating leadership continuity. Whether these leaders have held few or many leadership positions in the United States, however, is not determined by prior leadership or kinship, but by factors associated with acculturation. Initial leadership status in a host society is linked to authority structures from the homeland, but social change influences subsequent leadership careers.

Trends in modifiable behaviorally related cancers: Who is affected the most?

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13531-e13531
Author(s):  
John Chan ◽  
Michelle Ann P. Caesar ◽  
Chloe Chan ◽  
Michael Richardson ◽  
Daniel Stuart Kapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Asian Men

e13531 Background: To examine trends in modifiable behaviorally related cancers among racial groups in the United States. Methods: Data were obtained from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database for all cancers diagnosed between 2001 and 2017. Alcohol-associated cancers, HPV-associated, obesity-associated, physical inactivity-associated, and tobacco-associated were defined using ICD-O-3 site codes. SEER*Stat 8.3.8 and Joinpoint regression program 4.8.0.1 were used to calculate the trends of associated cancers expressed per 100,000. Results: In women, the incidence of all cancers has decreased significantly or remain unchanged for all racial groups in 2017, with the exception of an increase of HPV related cancers in white women (APC = 0.77%, p < 0.001), obesity related cancers in Hispanic women (APC = 0.46%, p < 0.001), and postmenopausal breast cancer in Black and Asian women (APC 0.78%, 1.06%, p < 0.001). The incidence of alcohol, tobacco, obesity, and physical inactivity associated cancer decreased significantly in men for all racial groups in 2017. HPV related cancers increased annually by 3.13% (p < 0.001) in White men and 0.90% in Asian men (p = 0.022). The highest decrease in modifiable factors associated with cancers was in physical inactivity related cancers in black men from the west (APC = -3.79, p < 0.001). The intersection of black race and U.S. region had the highest decreases in all cancers except obesity-related cancers where the intersection of Asian race and Midwest region had the highest decrease. Conclusions: In women, most modifiable factors associated with cancer are decreasing except in obesity related cancers and physical inactivity/obesity related postmenopausal breast cancer. In men, these rates of cancer are decreasing for all racial groups except HPV related cancers in White and Asian men.

Environmental risk factors associated with Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in the United States: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 2520-2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. KRUEGER ◽  
E. D. HILBORN ◽  
R. R. CONVERSE ◽  
T. J. WADE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
H Pylori

SUMMARYHelicobacter pylori imparts a considerable burden to public health. Infections are mainly acquired in childhood and can lead to chronic diseases, including gastric ulcers and cancer. The bacterium subsists in water, but the environment's role in transmission remains poorly understood. The nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was examined for environmental risk factors associated with H. pylori seroprevalence. Data from 1999–2000 were examined and weighted to represent the US population. Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations with seropositivity. Self-reported general health condition was inversely associated with seropositivity. Of participants aged <20 years, seropositivity was significantly associated with having a well as the source of home tap water (aOR 1·7, 95% CI 1·1–2·6) and living in a more crowded home (aOR 2·3, 95% CI 1·5–3·7). Of adults aged ⩾20 years, seropositivity was not associated with well water or crowded living conditions, but adults in soil-related occupations had significantly higher odds of seropositivity compared to those in non-soil-related occupations (aOR 1·9, 95% CI 1·2–2·9). Exposures to both well water and occupationally related soil increased the effect size of adults' odds of seropositivity compared to non-exposed adults (aOR 2·7, 95% CI 1·3-5·6). Environmental exposures (well-water usage and occupational contact with soil) play a role in H. pylori transmission. A disproportionate burden of infection is associated with poor health and crowded living conditions, but risks vary by age and race/ethnicity. These findings could help inform interventions to reduce the burden of infections in the United States.

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