scholarly journals Role of the Hog1 Stress-activated Protein Kinase in the Global Transcriptional Response to Stress in the Fungal PathogenCandida albicans

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Enjalbert ◽  
Deborah A. Smith ◽  
Michael J. Cornell ◽  
Intikhab Alam ◽  
Susan Nicholls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Stress Genes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Response To Stress

The resistance of Candida albicans to many stresses is dependent on the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) Hog1. Hence we have explored the role of Hog1 in the regulation of transcriptional responses to stress. DNA microarrays were used to characterize the global transcriptional responses of HOG1 and hog1 cells to three stress conditions that activate the Hog1 SAPK: osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and heavy metal stress. This revealed both stress-specific transcriptional responses and a core transcriptional response to stress in C. albicans. The core transcriptional response was characterized by a subset of genes that responded in a stereotypical manner to all of the stresses analyzed. Inactivation of HOG1 significantly attenuated transcriptional responses to osmotic and heavy metal stresses, but not to oxidative stress, and this was reflected in the role of Hog1 in the regulation of C. albicans core stress genes. Instead, the Cap1 transcription factor plays a key role in the oxidative stress regulation of C. albicans core stress genes. Our data show that the SAPK network in C. albicans has diverged from corresponding networks in model yeasts and that the C. albicans SAPK pathway functions in parallel with other pathways to regulate the core transcriptional response to stress.

scholarly journals A Conserved Stress-activated Protein Kinase Regulates a Core Stress Response in the Human PathogenCandida albicans

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 4179-4190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Smith ◽  
Susan Nicholls ◽  
Brian A. Morgan ◽  
Alistair J.P. Brown ◽  
Janet Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
The Core ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Molecular Circuitry

Previous work has implicated the Hog1 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) in osmotic and oxidative stress responses in the human pathogen Candida albicans. In this study, we have characterized the role of Hog1 in mediating these and other stress responses in C. albicans. We provide evidence that a SAPK-dependent core stress response exists in this pathogen. The Hog1 SAPK is phosphorylated and it accumulates in the nucleus in response to diverse stress conditions. In addition, we have identified Hog1-regulated genes that are induced in response to stress conditions that activate Hog1. These analyses reveal both activator and repressor functions for the Hog1 SAPK. Our results also demonstrate that stress cross-protection, a classical hallmark of the core stress response, occurs in C. albicans between stresses that activate the Hog1 SAPK. Importantly, we find that the core stress response in C. albicans has adapted to the environmental niche of this human pathogen. This niche specificity is reflected by the specific environmental conditions that drive the Hog1-regulated core stress response in C. albicans and by differences in the molecular circuitry that control this response.

scholarly journals The Role of Aquaporin Overexpression in the Modulation of Transcription of Heavy Metal Transporters under Cadmium Treatment in Poplar

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Andrea Neri ◽  
Silvia Traversari ◽  
Andrea Andreucci ◽  
Alessandra Francini ◽  
Luca Sebastiani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Metal Transporters ◽  
Metal Transporter ◽  
Cadmium Treatment ◽  
Tolerance To Cadmium ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Cd Translocation ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

Populus alba ‘Villafranca’ clone is well-known for its tolerance to cadmium (Cd). To determine the mechanisms of Cd tolerance of this species, wild-type (wt) plants were compared with transgenic plants over-expressing an aquaporin (aqua1, GenBank GQ918138). Plants were maintained in hydroponic conditions with Hoagland’s solution and treated with 10 µM of Cd, renewed every 5 d. The transcription levels of heavy metal transporter genes (PaHMA2, PaNRAMP1.3, PaNRAMP2, PaNRAMP3.1, PaNRAMP3.2, PaABCC9, and PaABCC13) were analyzed at 1, 7, and 60 d of treatment. Cd application did not induce visible toxicity symptoms in wt and aqua1 plants even after 2 months of treatment confirming the high tolerance of this poplar species to Cd. Most of the analyzed genes showed in wt plants a quick response in transcription at 1 d of treatment and an adaptation at 60 d. On the contrary, a lower transcriptional response was observed in aqua1 plants in concomitance with a higher Cd concentration in medial leaves. Moreover, PaHMA2 showed at 1 d an opposite trend within organs since it was up-regulated in root and stem of wt plants and in leaves of aqua1 plants. In summary, aqua1 overexpression in poplar improved Cd translocation suggesting a lower Cd sensitivity of aqua1 plants. This different response might be due to a different transcription of PaNRAMP3 genes that were more transcribed in wt line because of the importance of this gene in Cd compartmentalization.

scholarly journals Effect of Lead and Copper on Photosynthetic Apparatus in Citrus (Citrus aurantium L.) Plants. The Role of Antioxidants in Oxidative Damage as a Response to Heavy Metal Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Anastasia Giannakoula ◽  
Ioannis Therios ◽  
Christos Chatzissavvidis
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Citrus Aurantium

Photosynthetic changes and antioxidant activity to oxidative stress were evaluated in sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) leaves subjected to lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and also Pb + Cu toxicity treatments, in order to elucidate the mechanisms involved in heavy metal tolerance. The simultaneous effect of Pb− and Cu on growth, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), chlorophylls, flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolics, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters were examined in leaves of Citrus aurantium L. plants. Exogenous application of Pb and Cu resulted in an increase in leaf H2O2 and lipid peroxidation (MDA). Toxicity symptoms of both Pb and Cu treated plants were stunted growth and decreased pigments concentration. Furthermore, photosynthetic activity of treated plants exhibited a significant decline. The inhibition of growth in Pb and Cu-treated plants was accompanied by oxidative stress, as indicated by the enhanced lipid peroxidation and the high H2O2 concentration. Furthermore, antioxidants in citrus plants after exposure to high Pb and Cu concentrations were significantly increased compared to control and low Pb and Cu treatments. In conclusion, this study indicates that Pb and Cu promote lipid peroxidation, disrupt membrane integrity, reduces growth and photosynthesis and inhibit mineral nutrition. Considering the potential for adverse human health effects associated with high concentrations of Pb and Cu contained in edible parts of citrus plants the study signals that it is important to conduct further research into the accessibility and uptake of the tested heavy metals in the soil and whether they pose risks to humans.

Role of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) in mediating heavy metal and pesticide induced oxidative stress in plants: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 935-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babar Shahzad ◽  
Mohsin Tanveer ◽  
Zhao Che ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Sardar Alam Cheema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal

Role of Phytochelatins in Heavy Metal Stress and Detoxification Mechanisms in Plants

2013 ◽  
pp. 73-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar Gupta ◽  
Hildegarde Vandenhove ◽  
Masahiro Inouhe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Detoxification Mechanisms

scholarly journals Role of nitric oxide in plant responses to heavy metal stress: exogenous application versus endogenous production

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (17) ◽  
pp. 4477-4488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C Terrón-Camero ◽  
M Ángeles Peláez-Vico ◽  
Coral Del-Val ◽  
Luisa M Sandalio ◽  
María C Romero-Puertas
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Research Perspectives

Abstract Anthropogenic activities, such as industrial processes, mining, and agriculture, lead to an increase in heavy metal concentrations in soil, water, and air. Given their stability in the environment, heavy metals are difficult to eliminate and can constitute a human health risk by entering the food chain through uptake by crop plants. An excess of heavy metals is toxic for plants, which have various mechanisms to prevent their accumulation. However, once metals enter the plant, oxidative damage sometimes occurs, which can lead to plant death. Initial production of nitric oxide (NO), which may play a role in plant perception, signalling, and stress acclimation, has been shown to protect against heavy metals. Very little is known about NO-dependent mechanisms downstream from signalling pathways in plant responses to heavy metal stress. In this review, using bioinformatic techniques, we analyse studies of the involvement of NO in plant responses to heavy metal stress, its possible role as a cytoprotective molecule, and its relationship with reactive oxygen species. Some conclusions are drawn and future research perspectives are outlined to further elucidate the signalling mechanisms underlying the role of NO in plant responses to heavy metal stress.

Role of Nitric Oxide in Overcoming Heavy Metal Stress

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-237
Author(s):  
Pradyumna Kumar Singh ◽  
Madhu Tiwari ◽  
Maria Kidwai ◽  
Dipali Srivastava ◽  
Rudra Deo Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentumMoench) FeMT3 Gene in Heavy Metal Stress: Protective Role of the Protein and Inducibility of the Promoter Region under Cu2+and Cd2+Treatments

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 3488-3494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana B. Nikolić ◽  
Jelena T. Samardžić ◽  
Ana M. Bratić ◽  
Ivan P. Radin ◽  
Srdjan P. Gavrilović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Metal Stress
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