What Predicts the Physical Activity Intention–Behavior Gap? A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E Rhodes ◽  
Amy Cox ◽  
Reza Sayar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Anticipated Regret ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Study Characteristics

Abstract Background Intention is theorized as the proximal determinant of behavior in many leading theories and yet intention–behavior discordance is prevalent. Purpose To theme and appraise the variables that have been evaluated as potential moderators of the intention–physical activity (I-PA) relationship using the capability–opportunity–motivation– behavior model as an organizational frame. Methods Literature searches were concluded in August 2020 using seven common databases. Eligible studies were selected from English language peer-reviewed journals and had to report an empirical test of moderation of I-PA with a third variable. Findings were grouped by the moderator variable for the main analysis, and population sample, study design, type of PA, and study quality were explored in subanalyses. Results The search yielded 1,197 hits, which was reduced to 129 independent studies (138 independent samples) of primarily moderate quality after screening for eligibility criteria. Moderators of the I-PA relationship were present among select variables within sociodemographic (employment status) and personality (conscientiousness) categories. Physical capability, and social and environmental opportunity did not show evidence of interacting with I-PA relations, while psychological capability had inconclusive findings. By contrast, key factors underlying reflective (intention stability, intention commitment, low goal conflict, affective attitude, anticipated regret, perceived behavioral control/self-efficacy) and automatic (identity) motivation were moderators of I-PA relations. Findings were generally invariant to study characteristics. Conclusions Traditional intention theories may need to better account for key I-PA moderators. Action control theories that include these moderators may identify individuals at risk for not realizing their PA intentions. Prospero # CRD42020142629.

Perceived Behavioral Control over Child Physical Activity Support Measure

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E. Rhodes ◽  
John C. Spence ◽  
Tanya Berry ◽  
Sameer Deshpande ◽  
Guy Faulkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Child Physical Activity ◽  
Support Measure

Gender differences for theory-based determinants of muscle-strengthening physical activity in college-aged students: a moderation analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Fairchild Saidi ◽  
Paul Branscum
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Perceived Norms ◽  
Motivational Interventions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Researchers and practitioners have primarily focused on understanding and promoting aerobic forms of physical activity (PA), while leaving muscle-strengthening forms of PA less understood. There are also stark gender disparities for muscle-strengthening PA but not aerobic PA. The purpose of this study was to apply the reasoned action approach (RAA) toward understanding theory-based determinants of muscle-strengthening PA and to explore gender differences. Female (n = 272) and male (n = 120) college students completed a valid and reliable survey evaluating their participation in muscle-strengthening PA and the constructs of the RAA (intentions, attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control [PBC]). Results showed that attitudes, perceived norms, and PBC explained a substantial amount of the variance of intentions for both female (53.8%) and male (54.7%) participants; however, when predicting participation in muscle-strengthening PA, PBC moderated the relationship between intentions and muscle-strengthening PA participation for female participants but not for male participants. Results from this study showed that for women, implementational processes are likely needed for public health interventions to promote muscle-strengthening PA to build capability, skills, and self-efficacy, while for men, motivational interventions are warranted to create favorable attitudes.

Predicting Physical Activity Intention and Behavior in School-Age Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Foley ◽  
Harry Prapavessis ◽  
Ralph Maddison ◽  
Shauna Burke ◽  
Erin McGowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Efficacy Measures ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
And Behavior

Two studies were conducted to predict physical activity in school-aged children. Study 1 tested the utility of an integrated model in predicting physical activity (PA) intention and behavior—the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and self-efficacy theory. Six hundred and forty-five New Zealand children (aged 11–13 years) completed measures corresponding to the integrated model and a self-reported measure of PA one week later. Perceived behavioral control (PBC) and subjective norm were the two strongest predictors of intentions. Task efficacy and barrier efficacy were the two strongest predictors of PA. A second study (Study 2) was conducted to determine whether the self-efficacy measures could discriminate objectively measured PA levels. Sixty-seven Canadian children (aged 11–13 years) completed task and barrier self-efficacy measures. The following week, children classified as ‘high’ (n = 11) and ‘lower’ (n = 7) for both task and barrier efficacy wore an Actical® monitor for seven consecutive days to provide activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) data. Results showed that children with high efficacy expended significantly greater AEE than their lower efficacious counterparts. Findings from these two studies provide support for the use of self-efficacy interventions as a potentially useful means of increasing PA levels among school-aged children.

The Theory of Planned Behavior and Physical Activity Change: Outcomes of the Aging Well and Healthily Intervention Program for Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elske Stolte ◽  
Marijke Hopman-Rock ◽  
Marja J. Aartsen ◽  
Theo G. van Tilburg ◽  
Astrid Chorus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Aging Well

The predictive value of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on intention and physical activity (PA) over time was examined. Data from the Aging Well and Healthily intervention program (targeting perceived behavioral control and attitude, not subjective norm) were analyzed, including pretest (T0), posttest (T1, except subjective norm) and 4–6 months follow-up (T2, PA outcomes only) (N = 387, M age 72 years). Structural equation modeling was used to test a TPB model. PA was measured subjectively using the Voorrips sports subscale (T0 and T2), items measured perceived increase in PA (T1), and adherence to exercises (T1 and T2). Model fit was good. The TPB explained variation in intention well (R2 .54–.60) and some PA behavior (R2 .13–.16). The intervention successfully got participants to exercise independent of the measured TPB concepts. More TPB studies in the context of interventions are needed.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Variables Related to Weight-Related Self-Stigma in Physical Activity among Young Adults across Weight Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier C. C. Fung ◽  
Amir H. Pakpour ◽  
Ya-Ke Wu ◽  
Chia-Wei Fan ◽  
Chung-Ying Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control

A healthy lifestyle with sufficient physical activity (PA) can contribute to weight management. Yet, many people do not maintain a healthy lifestyle. To explain PA, we propose a model that incorporates the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with weight-related self-stigma. We recruited 325 young adults to complete questionnaires regarding their physical activities, weight-related self-stigma, and TPB factors. We used structural equation modeling to examine the model fit and the path invariance across weight groups. The model showed excellent model fit, but path invariance was not supported. Weight-related self-stigma significantly explained the perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and engagement of PA. People without overweight and people with overweight have different considerations for PA. Weight-related self-stigma is important for PA as well. To promote a healthy lifestyle, healthcare providers should provide different suggestions or interventions that suit their patients’ weight-related concerns.

Prediction of Physical Activity Intention from Social Psychological Variables: Results from the Campbell's Survey of Weil-Being

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard M. Waekel ◽  
W. Kerry Mummery ◽  
Thomas Stephens ◽  
Cora L. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Relative Utility

The purpose of the study was to investigate the utility of various social-psychological variables for predicting intentions to engage in physical activity within a national population. More specifically, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and perceived social support measures were utilized to provide modified operationalizations of the theories of planned behavior and reasoned action in order to assess their relative utility for predicting physical activity intentions. Data from the Campbell's Survey of the Weil-Being of Canadians enabled the assessment of the predictive efficacy of the two models in the overall population, as well as in various population subgroups. The theory of planned behavior was found to account for a substantially greater percentage of the behavior intention variance (31%) than did the theory of reasoned action (15%). Further, the study provides some support for the utility of the theory of planned behavior for understanding the activity intentions of different population groups.

Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Physical Activity: The Moderating Role of Mental Toughness

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Hannan ◽  
Robyn L. Moffitt ◽  
David L. Neumann ◽  
Patrick R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Toughness Index

This study explored whether mental toughness, the capacity to maintain performance under pressure, moderated the relation between physical activity intentions and subsequent behavior. Participants (N = 117) completed the Mental Toughness Index and a theory of planned behavior questionnaire. Seven days later, physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained substantial variance (63.1%) in physical activity intentions. Intentions also significantly predicted physical activity behavior. The simple slopes analyses for the moderation effect revealed a nonsignificant intention–behavior relation at low levels of mental toughness. However, intentions were significantly and positively related to physical activity when mental toughness was moderate or high, suggesting that the development of a mentally tough mindset may reduce the gap between behavior and physical activity intention. Future research is needed to confirm these findings and apply them in the design of mental toughness interventions to facilitate physical activity engagement.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Relationships Between the Built Environment and Individual-Level Perceptions of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E Rhodes ◽  
Ru Zhang ◽  
Chun-Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract Background Socioecological models highlight the potential direct and indirect effects of multiple levels of influence in explaining physical activity (PA). Social cognitive theories, however, position individual cognitions as the mediator of external factors such as the built environment when explaining PA. Purpose To appraise the evidence for direct and indirect associations between the built environment and social cognition to predict PA. Methods Literature searches were concluded in February 2019 using five common databases. Eligible studies were in the English language that included any direct and indirect tests of individual perceptions and the built environment with PA. Results The initial search yielded 18,521 hits, which was reduced to 46 independent studies of primarily medium quality after screening for eligibility criteria. Findings were grouped by type of PA then grouped by the type of individual and built environment constructs within the model, and subdivided by adult and youth samples. There was evidence that self-efficacy/perceived control accounted for the covariance between environmental accessibility/convenience and total PA, while habit accounted for the covariance in this relationship for transport PA, particularly in adult samples. There was no evidence that the built environment had a direct association with PA after controlling for individual-level factors. Conclusions The results provide initial support for the mediation tenet in social cognition models for the relationship between individual, built environment, and PA. In practice, these findings highlight the need for coordinated interventions of individual and environmental change.

Factors influencing Turkish parents’ intentions towards anti-consumption of junk food

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Yarimoglu ◽  
Ipek Kazancoglu ◽  
Zeki Atıl Bulut
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Anticipated Regret ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze parents’ intentions toward the anti-consumption of junk food for their children. The paper incorporated the theory of planned behavior (TPB) using two external factors, which previously have not been investigated together. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was designed from previous studies consisting of the constructs of the TPB (intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control) and two external factors (anticipated regret and perceived risk). An online survey was conducted among 392 participants. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test the hypotheses. Findings All hypotheses were supported. Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control affected parental intentions toward the anti-consumption of junk food. The two external factors of the model also affected parental intentions toward the anti-consumption of junk food. Research limitations/implications There were four limitations regarding participants, the research model and product type. Practical implications Junk food producers, sellers, fast food restaurants and public policies should encourage healthy lifestyles, particularly for children. Junk food producers and fast food restaurants should offer healthier nutritional options. Governmental policies should include legal regulations to restrict marketing strategies for unhealthy products. Parents, as the primary influencers of children, should be educated regarding the anti-consumption of junk food. Originality/value The study contributed to the anti-consumption literature by analyzing buying intentions toward junk food within the concept of anti-consumption, analyzing intentions by adding anticipated regret and perceived risk to the TPB model and analyzing the effects of perceived risk on anticipated regret.

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