Key instruments of state regulation of the industrial sector

The article provides an analysis of financial and non-financial instruments of state regulation of the industrial sector. The studies carried out on the use of support measures by high-tech and innovative enterprises in different sectors of the economy show their high interest in obtaining it. It was revealed that the maximum demand for a state support measure is about twenty-five percent, while on average it does not exceed 10%. The concern is caused by the inability of enterprises to use several support measures at the same time, most often they apply for one measure for a specific investment project. The use of support measures in combination will allow industrial enterprises to effectively implement their strategic plans and form an increasing vector of industry development.

Mobility Aware Displacement Approximation Technique Based LSS and Privacy Preservation for Effective Data Routing in WSN with IoT Devices

The Location based Service Selection (LSS) in WSN has been well studied. Towards effective LSS, an efficient Mobility Aware Displacement Approximation (MADA-LSS) based approach is presented in this article. The model monitors the mobility of mobile device and predict the possible location at different future time stamp. According to the future time stamp, the list of service locations are identified at different possible locations. According to the possible locations and service set, the method discover set of routes to reach each of the service points. For each of the route, the method estimates Data Arrival Rate (DAR), Data Claim Rate (DCR) and Data Rate Support Measure (DRSM) for both Access Point as well as route identified. Also, the method ranks the service points according to DRSM value and estimates the Trusted Handover Measure (THM) for the routes according to IoT (Internet of Things) devices of any route. By considering both THM and DSRM values an optimal service point as well as route has been selected to perform data transmission. Also, the privacy preservation is performed by using the same set of displacement approximation scheme which selects optimal encryption based on mobility parameters and time complexity and security of different encryption schemes. The proposed method improves the performance of LSS and secure routing.

Living with Reduced Income: An Analysis of Household Financial Vulnerability Under COVID-19

The COVID-19 crisis has led to substantial reductions in earnings. We propose a new measure of financial vulnerability, computable through survey data, to determine whether households can withstand a certain income shock for a defined period of time. Using data from the ECB Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) we analyse financial vulnerability in seven EU countries. We find that, out of the 243 million individuals considered, 47 million are vulnerable to a three month long income shock (the average length of the first wave COVID-19 lockdown), i.e., they cannot afford food and housing expenses for three months without privately earned income. Differences across countries are stark. Individuals born outside the EU are especially likely to be vulnerable. Being younger, a single parent, and a woman are also statistically significant risk factors. Through a tax-benefit microsimulation exercise, we look into the COVID-19 employment protection benefits, the largest income support measure in the countries considered. Considering as our sample individuals in households where someone receives a salary, we derive household net income when employees are laid-off and awarded the COVID-19 employment protection benefits enacted. Our findings suggest that the employment protection schemes are extremely effective in reducing the number of vulnerable individuals. The relative importance of rent and mortgage suspensions, (likewise, widespread COVID-19 policies), in alleviating vulnerability, is highly country dependent.

Being a parent in Finland: a culturally-tailored psychoeducative parental support programme

Problem Migrant origin children are overrepresented in child protective services and among cases of suspected maltreatment against children. Language barriers, poor understanding of the child welfare system and differences in perceptions of child rearing and disciplinary practices create additional burden during the assessment process. Authorities struggle to meet the needs of migrant origin families. Description of the problem A variety of universal, selective and indicative parenting support programmes are available. While these have been shown to be effective also among persons of migrant origin, cultural adaptation has also been suggested to increase the benefits. Any adaptation to a trial-tested programme may, however, impact its integrity. To avoid this, a separate culturally sensitive Being a Parent in Finland programme was developed to complement other parenting interventions and supporting services offered by the health and social welfare authorities. Intervention was developed as part of the Barnahus project coordinated by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. Results The aim of the Being a Parent in Finland psychoeducational group programme is to increase the wellbeing and safety of children through group-based parental support. The programme consists of three two-hour meetings offered to parents of children aged 3 to 12 years. The main themes include the Finnish service system, parenting practices that support the child's development and wellbeing and wellbeing of the family as well as children's rights. Psychoeducational videos were produced as supportive material. Groups of maximum 8-10 participants are led by trained instructors, assisted by professional interpreters. Lessons The programme will be piloted by the city of Helsinki, with the first two groups starting in May 2021. Experiences and lessons learned from these groups will be presented. Impact assessment of the programme and will be launched in autumn 2021. Key messages While culturally sensitive adaptations may increase positive outcomes of parental programmes, there is a risk for compromising programme integrity, leading to minimized or even adverse consequences. Being a parent in Finland aims at supporting the wellbeing and safety of families through culturally sensitive psychoeducative groups administered as complementary support measure to other services.

Big Data-Based Boring Indexes and Their Application during TBM Tunneling

Tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunneling data have been extensively collected to utilize TBM information technology by analyzing and mining the data for achieving a safe and efficient TBM tunneling. Feature extraction of big data could reduce the complexity for problems, but conventional indexes based on feature extraction, such as field penetration index (FPI), specific penetration (SP), and boreability index (BI), have some disadvantages. Thus, we present novel boring indexes derived from tunneling data in the Yinchao TBM project. Linear thrust-penetration and torque-penetration relationships in filtered ascending sections ( p ≥ 2 mm/r) are proposed using statistical features and through physical mechanism analysis of parameters in the TBM cyclic tunneling process. Boring indexes, such as normal boring difficulty index, initial rock mass fragmentation difficulty index, and tangential boring difficulty index, are defined using the coefficients of the linear thrust-penetration and torque-penetration relationships. Subsequently, the defined boring indexes are verified using performance prediction of 291 cyclic tunneling processes. Finally, a preliminary application of support measure suggestions is conducted using the statistical features of boring indexes, where certain criteria are proposed and verified. The results showed that the criterion of boring indexes for support measure suggestions could achieve a reasonable confirmation, potentially providing quantitative quotas for support measure suggestions in the subsequent construction process.

Topological stability and shadowing of dynamical systems from measure theoretical viewpoint

In this paper it is proved that a topologically stable invariant measure has no sinks or sources in its support; an expansive homeomorphism is topologically stable if it exhibits a topologically stable nonatomic Borel support measure and a continuous map has the shadowing property if there exists an invariant measure with the shadowing property such that each almost periodic point is contained in the support of the invariant measure.

European Union funding for rural development in Latvia

Rural areas are defined differently in various literature sources. However, any scientist points to changes in rural areas that are associated with the outflow of people to cities and land abandonment in some regions. The multifunctionality of rural areas determines their importance in the development of any country. In the European Union (EU), 28.0 % of the EU-28 population lived in a rural area in 2015, while in Latvia – 32.3 % of its total population. Therefore, support instruments of the second pillar of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (rural development) contribute to a sufficient standard of living for the rural population and include both economic and social objectives. The research aims to analyse the EU support instruments for rural development that promote economic and social development in rural areas in Latvia. The research analyses the definition of the concept of rural territory given in national and EU policy documents and the results of project-type measures of the EU CAP second pillar (rural development) support instruments implemented during the planning period 2014-2020 for national rural development policy. It was found that in Latvia total available public funding for the RDP 2014-2020 was EUR 1.541 million, there were 6 main priorities and 88 % projects were funded at the end of February 2021. Progress in implementing the support measure Farm and business development was analysed in detail.

Corrosion Level of Rock Bolts Exposed to Aggressive Environments in Nordic Road Tunnels

For road tunnels in most Nordic countries, temporary rock support installed during tunnel excavation usually becomes a part of the permanent rock support. Rock bolts are the most common rock support measure in road tunnels excavated in hard rock, and their conditions over the period of tunnel operation play a significant role in the safety of these tunnels. The rock bolt types and aggressive environmental conditions considered in this research are focused on those used and observed in Norwegian and Swedish road tunnels. Findings elsewhere in similar environments are included to highlight the different kinetics of degradation. Based on the collected data, the corrosion levels in these road tunnels are comparable to those in the most polluted industrial areas. Aggressive groundwater conditions for rock bolts include a groundwater pH below four (which can be caused by sulfuric acid formation due to the oxidation of the mineral pyrite in the rock), marine groundwater, and flowing groundwater with a high concentration of dissolved oxygen. Furthermore, chloride-bearing deicing salts commonly used on roads located in cold climate regions during winter can promote corrosion in rock bolts from the tunnel room. For these environments, this research proposes a lognormal probability function to quantify the expected steel corrosion level for 25, 50, and 100 years of exposure time. The corrosion protection given by cement grouting, hot-dip galvanizing and epoxy coating are also addressed to explore their contributions to the lifespan extension of rock bolts in acidic and chloride-rich environments.

A Results-Oriented Approach for the Animal Welfare Measure of the European Union’s Rural Development Programme

Farm animal welfare is a major concern to the European Union’s citizens, addressed in the Rural Development Programmes by a specific animal welfare support measure. Previous evaluation results reveal that the implemented action-oriented measures fail when it comes to improving animal health, an important dimension of animal welfare. Results-oriented measures could compensate for this deficiency, but little is known about their design. In order to improve the effectiveness of current animal welfare measures for dairy cows, we analysed the elements of such a measure in an interdisciplinary, application-oriented research project involving agricultural economists and livestock scientists. We have used a mixed methods approach including a written Delphi survey, group-discussions and on-farm data-collection to select suitable indicators, develop an approach for the identification of threshold values and to design a support measure. Results suggest that, in animal welfare support measures, action- as well as results-oriented elements are necessary to address all dimensions of animal welfare.

Support Measures to Prevent the Deformation and Failure of a Carbonaceous Mudstone Tunnel

A carbonaceous mudstone tunnel is a type of soft rock tunnel. There is little research on the prevention and control measures for the deformation and failure of carbonaceous mudstone tunnels. In this article, we investigated the construction of the Qiguding carbonaceous mudstone tunnel in Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, China. We monitored and analyzed the deformation and stress characteristics of a section under the original support scheme. The monitoring data showed that this section had large peripheral convergence, vault subsidence, steel arch strain, and concrete strain. The deformations exhibited significant differences in the horizontal and vertical directions, eventually resulting in concrete cracking, steel arch bulging, and distortion in the section. The analysis showed that the primary mechanisms for the failure were the softening characteristics of the carbonaceous mudstone, the plastic rheology, and the shear slip of the rock stratum. Based on a comparative analysis and numerical simulation, we proposed a new support measure called the longitudinal rigid enlarged foundation that consists of a steel arch longitudinal connection system and a locking foot anchor pipe system. Several comparative tests were performed at the tunnel site. The results demonstrated the excellent performance and reliability of the proposed support scheme for the deformation control of the carbonaceous mudstone, providing a reference for similar projects.