The Past of the Future of Computation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Cognitive Tool ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
A Current

Hand axes, language, and computers are tools that increase our ability to deal with the world. Computing is a cognitive tool and comes in several kinds: digital, analog, and brain-like. An analog telephone connects two telephones with a wire. Talking causes a current to flow on the wire. In a digital telephone the voltage is converted into groups of ones or zeros and sent at high speed from one telephone to the other. An analog telephone requires one simple step. A digital telephone requires several million discrete steps per second. Digital telephones work because the hardware has gotten much faster. Yet brains constructed of slow devices and using a few watts of power are competitive for many cognitive tasks. The important question is not why machines are becoming so smart but why humans are still so good. Artificial intelligence is missing something important probably based on hardware differences.

The Future of Work and the Changing Workplace

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Joshi ◽  
J.R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Future Of Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
The Future ◽  
Market Opportunities

The world of work has been impacted by technology. Work is different than it was in the past due to digital innovation. Labor market opportunities are becoming polarized between high-end and low-end skilled jobs. Migration and its effects on employment have become a sensitive political issue. From Buffalo to Beijing public debates are raging about the future of work. Developments like artificial intelligence and machine intelligence are contributing to productivity, efficiency, safety, and convenience but are also having an impact on jobs, skills, wages, and the nature of work. The “undiscovered country” of the workplace today is the combination of the changing landscape of work itself and the availability of ill-fitting tools, platforms, and knowledge to train for the requirements, skills, and structure of this new age.

scholarly journals Cognitive Challenges in Human–Artificial Intelligence Collaboration: Investigating the Path Toward Productive Delegation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Fügener ◽  
Jörn Grahl ◽  
Alok Gupta ◽  
Wolfgang Ketter
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

A consensus is beginning to emerge that the next phase of artificial intelligence (AI) induction in business organizations will require humans to work with AI in a variety of work arrangements. This article explores the issues related to human capabilities to work with AI. A key to working in many work arrangements is the ability to delegate work to entities that can do them most efficiently. Modern AI can do a remarkable job of efficient delegation to humans because it knows what it knows well and what it does not. Humans, on the other hand, are poor judges of their metaknowledge and are not good at delegating knowledge work to AI—this might prove to be a big stumbling block to create work environments where humans and AI work together. Humans have often created machines to serve them. The sentiment is perhaps exemplified by Oscar Wilde’s statement that “civilization requires slaves…. Human slavery is wrong, insecure and demoralizing. On mechanical slavery, on the slavery of the machine, the future of the world depends.” However, the time has come when humans might switch roles with machines. Our study highlights capabilities that humans need to effectively work with AI and still be in control rather than just being directed.

scholarly journals The Young-New as a Space of Occurrence in the “World” by V. Bibikhin

2021 ◽  
Vol V (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Elena Smirennikova
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

The article deals with a fragment of a lecture by V.V. Bibikhin, in which eternity is interpreted as a constant renewal, the young-new. The new present, the “now”, makes the preceding present different, thereby turning it into the past. This "now" does not exist in the way of being and is recognized only as the boundary between the past and the future. But it touches us, captures us. The new can't be planned, it can only be allowed, let be. The allowing is a risk, because the unknown will always fall out, something that you cannot prepare beforehand, prepare a way to deal with it. However, in the new we always recognize the same thing. Also to be ready for the new is to be ready for the generosity of being, which gives more and more. Being gives space and time to appear. The non-appeared, the different, seems to us separated with a line, a boundary. And we imagine eternity as something being abroad, beyond the line of time. But for Bibikhin, this is a meeting with the boundary itself, which is different both to what is located on one side of the boundary and to what is on the other. Eternity is not there, “beyond the line”, but here and now: it exists by its absence. Absolutely different, boundary, line, eternity — not just different, but is different, new each time. That is why Bibikhin's eternity is the young-new itself.

Remembering the Future, Anticipating the Past: History, Time, and Cosmology among the Maya of Yucatan

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Farriss
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Past History ◽  
The Other ◽  
General View ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

This essay is about concepts of time and the past among the Maya Indians of Yucatan in southeastern Mexico. It explores how these concepts fit into the Maya's general view of the way the world works and how they relate to certain dynamics of Maya history—as we define history—during their pre-Hispanic and colonial past. One inspiration has been the often baffling written records the Maya have left, from which we try to quarry historical facts without always enquiring what the records meant to the people who produced them. The other is the reminder, provided by recent historical work from anthropologists, that people do not record their past so much as construct it, with an eye to the present, and at the same time use that past in molding the present.

scholarly journals Estructura y dinámica de la conciencia moral en el proceso educativo

10.14201/2921 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan-Carles Mélich
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Temporary Structure ◽  
Technical Question

The aim of this work settles on describing, through the fenomenological methodology, the structure and dinamics of the moral conscience and its function in the educational process. The moral conscience, equally than the epistemologica! moral, is endowed of a temporary structure. Time, through its three dimensions (past, present, and future) allows the dialectics of the moral conscience. In the past the values are settled, in the present takes place the hermeneutics of reality, and in the future make an irruption the duty and the project. In the second part of this article, the author gets the moral conscience with the educational conscience together (in touch). Both are not identic, one cannot be reduced to the other. The main (basic) diference settles on the «technical question (matter)». Hence the educational conscience does not limit itself; like the moral one, to a hermeneutics of the present, but moreover it provokes and endeavours an «intervention» of the present, that is to say, a modification of the world.

Whose Culture? Whose Literacy?

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lauter
Keyword(s):  
Zora Neale Hurston ◽  
Red Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Color Blind

Zora Neale Hurston, the black writer and anthropologist, liked to tell a story about how she was arrested for crossing against a red light. But, she laughed, she had gotten off. “I told the policeman,” she would say, “that I had seen white folks pass on the green and so assumed the red light was for me.” That story has always held a particular appeal to me, since my father was color blind and could not tell red from green. He knew them apart in traffic lights, he once told me, only because one was always on top and the other on bottom. signs, particularly: Which are on top and which on bottom; which command you to stop, and which invite you to proceed, and how that might differ, depending who “you” are. After all, schools, whatever else they do, help establish and transmit our society’s cultural signals, those determinative red and green lights. Indeed, one way of understanding the curriculum is as an elaborate set of signals directing students onto the various tracks they will likely follow throughout their lives. However that might be, it is certainly true that educational institutions always seem to be caught between two prepositions, “in” and “to.” Part of our mission is to instruct students in various disciplines, in history, in literature, in physics. But at the same time, we are expected to orient students to the world outside the classroom, to its creation and recreation in the work they will perform and the ideas they will evolve. find a tension in these prepositions between the voices of the past and the visions of the future. The dilemma may seem familiar, yet another chapter in the honored debate between the Ancients and the Moderns, between those who say “set the students’ eyes firmly upon the ‘monuments of unaging intellect,’ “ and those who say “educere, lead them forth, help them dream, let their ‘thought be mother to the deed.’ ”

Just Nationalism: The Future of an Illusion

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 345-363
Author(s):  
Andrew Levine
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

Until quite recently, political philosophers routinely ignored nationalism. Nowadays, the topic is very much on the philosophical agenda. In the past, when philosophers did discuss nationalism, it was usually to denigrate it. Today, nationalism elicits generally favorable treatment. I confess to a deep ambivalence about this turn of events. On the one hand, much of what has emerged in recent work on nationalism appears to be on the mark. On the other hand, the anti- or extra-nationalist outlook that used to pervade political philosophy seems as sound today as it ever was, and perhaps even more urgent in the face of truly horrendous eruptions of nationalist hostilities in many parts of the world. What follows is an effort to grapple with this ambivalence. My aim will be to identify what is defensible in the nationalist idea and then to reflect on the flaws inherent in even the most defensible aspects of nationalist theory and practice.

The Future of the Sahara

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Cloudsley-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Long-term climatic variations over the past 400,000 years, disclose a cyclical alternation of cold or glacial phases. At the present time, the world is experiencing one of its warmer climatic periods. Nevertheless, summer insolation has decreased sharply during the last 9,000 years and, apart from human influences, a gradual reduction in temperature might well be expected to occur during the next 50,000 years. On the other hand, if the human-induced ‘greenhouse effect’ manifests itself as is sometimes forecast, climatic changes will take place much faster, and temperatures could reach higher levels than in any of the post-Pleistocene interglacial phases. The future of the Sahara depends to a considerable extent upon which of these trends actually manifests itself.

Post-Soviet economy development: From the past to the future

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Present Situation ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Out ◽  
A Current

The article is devoted to major events in the history of the post-Soviet economy, their influence on forming and development of modern Russia. The author considers stages of restructuring, market reforms, transformational crisis, and recovery growth (1999-2011), as well as a current period which started in2011 and is experiencing serious problems. The present situation is analyzed, four possible scenarios are put forward for Russia: “inertia”, “mobilization”, “decisive leap”, “gradual democratic development”. More than 30 experts were questioned in the process of working out the scenarios.

Profilometry. Using Corneo-scleral topography for scleral lens fitting

The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (128) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Gregory DeNaeyer
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

The world-wide use of scleral contact lenses has dramatically increased over the past 10 year and has changed the way that we manage patients with corneal irregularity. Successfully fitting them can be challenging especially for eyes that have significant asymmetries of the cornea or sclera. The future of scleral lens fitting is utilizing corneo-scleral topography to accurately measure the anterior ocular surface and then using software to design lenses that identically match the scleral surface and evenly vault the cornea. This process allows the practitioner to efficiently fit a customized scleral lens that successfully provides the patient with comfortable wear and improved vision.

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