Polydnaviruses as tools to deliver wasp virulence factors to impair lepidopteran host immunity

2009 ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Moreau ◽  
Elisabeth Huguet ◽  
Jean-Michel Drezen
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Lepidopteran Host

scholarly journals Tripartite holobiont system in a vent snail broadens the concept of chemosymbiosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Yadong Zhou ◽  
Yi Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Genomic Plasticity ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Metabolic Heterogeneity ◽  
Genomic Basis

AbstractMany animals inhabiting deep-sea vents are energetically dependent on chemosynthetic endosymbionts, but how such symbiont community interacts with host, and whether other nutritional sources are available to such animals remain unclear. To reveal the genomic basis of symbiosis in the vent snail Alviniconcha marisindica, we sequenced high-quality genomes of the host and gill campylobacterial endosymbionts, as well as metagenome of the gut microbiome. The gill endosymbiont has a streamlined genome for efficient chemoautotrophy, but also shows metabolic heterogeneity among populations. Inter- and intra-host variabilities among endosymbiont populations indicate the host poses low selection on gill endosymbionts. Virulence factors and genomic plasticity of the endosymbiont provide advantages for cooperating with host immunity to maintain mutualism and thriving in changing environments. In addition to endosymbiosis, the gut and its microbiome expand the holobiont’s utilisation of energy sources. Host-microbiota mutualism contributes to a highly flexible holobiont that can excel in various extreme environments.

scholarly journals Black sea cucumber (Holothuria atra Jaeger, 1833) rescues Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected Caenorhabditis elegans via reduction of pathogen virulence factors and enhancement of host immunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 5759-5767
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Lee ◽  
Boon-Khai Tan ◽  
Su-Anne Eng ◽  
Gan Chee Yuen ◽  
Kit Lam Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens ◽  
Holothuria Atra

A strategy to circumvent the problem of multidrug resistant pathogens is the discovery of anti-infectives targeting bacterial virulence or host immunity.

scholarly journals Tailoring the Immune Response via Customization of Pathogen Gene Expression

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Runco ◽  
Charles B. Stauft ◽  
J. Robert Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Memory Response

The majority of studies focused on the construction and reengineering of bacterial pathogens have mainly relied on the knocking out of virulence factors or deletion/mutation of amino acid residues to then observe the microbe’s phenotype and the resulting effect on the host immune response. These knockout bacterial strains have also been proposed as vaccines to combat bacterial disease. Theoretically, knockout strains would be unable to cause disease since their virulence factors have been removed, yet they could induce a protective memory response. While knockout strains have been valuable tools to discern the role of virulence factors in host immunity and bacterial pathogenesis, they have been unable to yield clinically relevant vaccines. The advent of synthetic biology and enhanced user-directed gene customization has altered this binary process of knockout, followed by observation. Recent studies have shown that a researcher can now tailor and customize a given microbe’s gene expression to produce a desired immune response. In this commentary, we highlight these studies as a new avenue for controlling the inflammatory response as well as vaccine development.

Haemophilus somnus virulence factors and resistance to host immunity

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Inzana ◽  
Shivakumara Siddaramppa ◽  
Thomas J. Inzana
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Haemophilus Somnus

scholarly journals Components of the Cultivated Red Seaweed Chondrus crispus Enhance the Immune Response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Pseudomonas aeruginosa through thepmk-1,daf-2/daf-16, andskn-1Pathways

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (23) ◽  
pp. 7343-7350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghua Liu ◽  
Jeff Hafting ◽  
Alan T. Critchley ◽  
Arjun H. Banskota ◽  
Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Health Promoting

ABSTRACTMarine macroalgae are rich in bioactive compounds that can, when consumed, impart beneficial effects on animal and human health. The red seaweedChondrus crispushas been reported to have a wide range of health-promoting activities, such as antitumor and antiviral activities. Using aCaenorhabditis elegansinfection model, we show thatC. crispuswater extract (CCWE) enhances host immunity and suppresses the expression of quorum sensing (QS) and the virulence factors ofPseudomonas aeruginosa(strain PA14). Supplementation of nematode growth medium with CCWE induced the expression ofC. elegansinnate immune genes, such asirg-1,irg-2,F49F1.6,hsf-1,K05D8.5,F56D6.2,C29F3.7,F28D1.3,F38A1.5 ZK6.7,lys-1,spp-1, andabf-1, by more than 2-fold, whileT20G5.7was not affected. Additionally, CCWE suppressed the expression of PA14 QS genes and virulence factors, although it did not affect the growth of the bacteria. These effects correlated with a 28% reduction in the PA14-inflicted killing ofC. elegans. Kappa-carrageenan (K-CGN), a major component of CCWE, was shown to play an important role in the enhancement of host immunity. UsingC. elegansmutants, we identified thatpmk-1,daf-2/daf-16, andskn-1are essential in the K-CGN-induced host immune response. In view of the conservation of innate immune pathways betweenC. elegansand humans, the results of this study suggest that water-soluble components ofC. crispusmay also play a health-promoting role in higher animals and humans.

scholarly journals Black sea cucumber (Holothuria atra Jaeger, 1833) rescues Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected Caenorhabditis elegans via reduction of pathogen virulence factors and enhancement of host immunity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Lee ◽  
Boon-Khai Tan ◽  
Su-Anne Eng ◽  
Gan Chee Yuen ◽  
Kit Lam Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Holothuria Atra

AbstractA strategy to circumvent the problem of multidrug resistant pathogen is consumption of functional food rich in anti-infectives targeting bacterial virulence or host immunity. The black sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) is a tropical marine sea cucumer species traditionally consumed as remedy for many ailments. There is a paucity of knowledge the anti-infectives capacity of H. atra and the underlying mechanisms involved. The objectives of this study were to utilize the Caenorhabditis elegans-P. aeruginosa infection model to assess the anti-infective properties of H. atra. We first showed the capacity of a H. atra extract and fraction in promoting survival of C. elegans during a customarily lethal P. aeruginosa infection. The same chemical entities also attenuate the production of several P. aeruginosa virulence factors and biofilm. Treatment of infected transgenic lys-7::GFP worms with H. atra fraction restored the repressed expression of lys-7, a defense enzyme, indicating improved host immunity. QTOF-LCMS analysis revealed the presence of aspidospermatidine, an indole alkaloid and inosine. Collectively, our finding shows that H. atra confers survival advantage in C. elegans against P. aeruginosa infection through inhibition of pathogen virulence and eventually, the restitution of host lys-7 expression.

High temperature induces downregulation of polydnavirus gene transcription in lepidopteran host and enhances accumulation of host immunity gene transcripts

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lukas Seehausen ◽  
Michel Cusson ◽  
Jacques Régnière ◽  
Maxence Bory ◽  
Don Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Immunity Gene ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Lepidopteran Host

scholarly journals LasR-regulated proteases in acute vs. chronic lung infection: a double-edged sword

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
Lisa C. Hennemann ◽  
Dao Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen capable of causing both acute and chronic infections, particularly in individuals with compromised host defenses. The quorum sensing transcriptional activator LasR is widely recognized for its role in regulating the expression of acute virulence factors, notably several secreted proteases which cause direct host damage and subvert host immunity in acute infections. Paradoxically, lung infections caused by LasR-deficient variants, which are found in at least a third of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infections, are associated with accelerated lung disease and increased markers of inflammation compared to infections caused by strains with a functional LasR system. While the loss of LasR function often (although not always) results in impaired production of LasR-controlled acute virulence factors, the implication of this pathoadaptation on host-pathogen interactions and chronic disease pathology is less well recognized. We recently observed that loss of LasR function in lasR variants, which results in impaired secreted protease production, led to increased expression of the membrane-bound surface adhesion molecule mICAM-1 in the airway epithelium, and increased neutrophilic inflammation. Specifically, human airway epithelial cells stimulated with lasR variants had higher mICAM-1 expression and greater neutrophil binding in vitro compared to stimulation with wild-type P. aeruginosa. In a subacute non-lethal P. aeruginosa lung infection model, lasR variant infection also induced higher mICAM-1 expression in the murine airway epithelium and was associated with increased neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation in vivo. Here, we discuss how (loss of) LasR function and LasR-regulated proteases affect host immunity, inflammation and tissue pathology in acute vs. chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection.

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