Linking Late-Imperial and Early Modern Population Dynamics in the Lower Yangzi Valley

2015 ◽  
pp. 469-498
Author(s):  
Mark Elvin
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Modern Population

Nonmetric dental characteristics of the early modern population of Okinawa Island in Nansei Islands, Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Manabe ◽  
J. Oyamada ◽  
Y. Kitagawa ◽  
K. Igawa ◽  
K. Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
Nansei Islands ◽  
Modern Population

scholarly journals Why was there no capitalism in early modern China?

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIAGO NASSER APPEL
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Early Modern China

ABSTRACT In this paper, we ask the following question: why couldn’t Early Modern China make the leap to capitalism, as we have come to know it in the West? We suggest that, even if China compared well with the West in key economic features - commercialization and commodification of goods, land, labor - up to the 18th century, it did not traverse the path to Capitalism because of the “fact of empire”. Lacking the scale of fiscal difficulties encountered in Early Modern Europe, Late Imperial China did not have to heavily tax merchants and notables; therefore, it did not have to negotiate rights and duties with the mercantile class. More innovatively, we also propose that the relative lack of fiscal difficulties meant that China failed to develop a “virtuous symbiosis” between taxing, monetization of the economy and public debt. This is because, essentially, it was the mobilization of society’s resources - primarily by way of public debt or taxes - towards the support of a military force that created the first real opportunities for merchants and bankers to amass immense and unprecedented wealth.

State Involution: A Study of Local Finances in North China, 1911–1935

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasenjit Duara
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
North China ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Republican China ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Charles Tilly ◽  
State And Local

Beginning around the turn of the twentieth century, the Chinese state launched onto a course of development that seemed to resemble the process in early modern Europe that Charles Tilly and others have called state making (Tilly 1975). The phenomenon of an expanding state structure penetrating levels of society untouched before, subordinating, co-opting, or destroying the relatively autonomous authority structures of local communities in a bid to increase its command of local resources, appeared to be repeating itself in late imperial and republican China. The similarities include the impulse toward centralization, bureaucratization, and rationalization; the insatiable drive to increase revenues for both military and civilian purposes; the violent resistance of local communities to this inexorable process of intrusion and extraction; and the formation of alliances between the state and local elites to consolidate their power (Duara 1983).

scholarly journals Osteoarthritis – a problematic skeletal trait in past human populations. Osteoarthritic changes vs. entheseal changes in the late medieval and early modern population form Łekno

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-161
Author(s):  
Anna Myszka ◽  
Janusz Piontek ◽  
Jacek Tomczyk ◽  
Marta Zalewska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Entheseal Changes

AbstractAccording to medical knowledge, physical activity plays a role in osteoarthritic changes formation. The impact of occupation on osteoarthritic changes development in past human populations is not clear enough, causing problems with interpretation. The aim of the current study is to examine the relationship between osteoarthritis and entheseal changes. Skeletal material comes from the late medieval, early modern population from Łekno (Poland). The sample consists of 110 males and 56 females (adults only). Osteophytes, porosity and eburnation were analyzed in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle. Entheses on the humerus, radius, femur, and tibia were examined. Standard ranked categorical scoring systems were used for the osteoarthritic and entheseal changes examination.Males with more developed osteophytes in the shoulder have more “muscular” upper limbs (higher values of muscle markers). Males with more developed osteophytes in the hip and knee are predicted to have more “muscular” lower limbs. Males with more developed osteoarthritis in the shoulder, wrist, hip, and knee exhibit more developed entheseal changes. Males with more developed entheses tend to yield more developed osteophytes (all joints taken together) and general osteoarthritis (all changes and all joints taken together). Females with more developed entheses have more developed osteoarthritis in the elbow, wrist, and hip. Individuals with more developed entheses have much more developed osteophytes. When all the three types of changes are taken together, more “muscular” females exhibit more developed osteoarthritis. The lack of uniformity of the results, wild discussions on the usage of entheses in activity patterns reconstruction and other limitations do not allow to draw unambiguous conclusions about the impact of physical activity on the osteoarthritis in past populations and further studies are needed.

Russian-Chinese Cultural Exchanges in the Early Modern Period

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Samoylov
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Cultural Information ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Imperial China

This chapter investigates the development of Sino-Russian exchanges from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. The author emphasizes the role of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing for transmitting social-cultural information between the two neighboring empires. Through their writings on late imperial China, missionaries like Archimandrite Iakinf (Bichurin) played a key role in the burgeoning of Russian Sinology and created an idealistic image of China in political, legal, and educational terms. The author further ponders at the diverse and even conflicting perceptions of China among Russian missionaries and intellectuals. They did not represent China as it was but as what they expected it to be—a symbolic mirror image for them to reflect upon the reality in Russia.

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