Transgender-Specific Policy in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baird Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Trans People ◽  
In Trans ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
And Gender

The situation of trans rights in Latin America varies greatly by country and region despite a binding 2017 opinion from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) clarifying member states’ obligations to guarantee trans rights. While countries in the Southern Cone and Northern Andes have recently made great strides in protecting and supporting their trans citizens, Central America, the Caribbean, and several countries in South America continue to offer little or no legal support for trans rights. Some countries, such as Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Uruguay, have passed Gender Identity Laws that provide trans people with the ability to rectify their documents to reflect their names and gender identities. The current state of trans-specific policy in the region is explored by first framing it through an overview of the relevant parts of the IACHR ruling and then presenting the case for the depathologization of trans identities, one of the movement’s most pressing goals. Crucial to this discussion is the next section, which presents the current rights and limitations in trans-specific healthcare in the region. A discussion of the importance of gender identity as a basic human right, recognized in the IACHR ruling, follows, continuing on to an analysis of the place of children, adolescents, and their parents in relation to this right. Relatedly, the next section explores the prevalence and force of anti-discrimination laws in the region, which vary greatly in their specific protection of trans people. Finally, we attempt to look forward to what may be next in the fight for trans rights in the region, exemplifying cases such as that of Uruguay, which has recently begun to debate trans-specific reparations, and Argentina, which has begun to debate dedicated employment slots for trans people.

scholarly journals Gender Identity: The Human Right of Depathologization

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Castro-Peraza ◽  
Jesús Manuel García-Acosta ◽  
Naira Delgado ◽  
Ana María Perdomo-Hernández ◽  
Maria Inmaculada Sosa-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Trans People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Access To Medical Care ◽  
The One

Background: Transgender people have a gender identity different from the one allocated to them at birth. In many countries, transsexualism and transgenderism are considered mental illnesses under the diagnosis of gender dysphoria. This pathologization impacts on human rights. Main content: The United Nations (UN) has denounced violations against trans-people, including attacks, forced medical treatments, lack of legal gender recognition, and discrimination in the areas of education, employment, access to healthcare, and justice. The UN has linked these violations directly with discriminatory diagnostic classifications that pathologize gender diversity. Trans-people have been pathologized by psycho-medical classification and laws all around the world, with a different impact depending on countries. This paper argues that pathologization infringes infringes upon a wide range of human rights such as; civil, economic, social cultural and also the access to medical care. Conclusions: The current situation for trans-people with respect to legal healthcare matters, depends on the country. Human rights are universal, not a question for cultural interpretation. They are the minimum that every human being must have assured only by the fact of being human. Countries must protect these rights by regulating trans-pathologization with special attention dedicated to intersex people and their specific needs.

Better pensions, better jobs: status and alternatives toward universal pension coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGEL MELGUIZO ◽  
MARIANO BOSCH ◽  
CARMEN PAGES
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Pension Coverage ◽  
Fiscal Space

AbstractThis article offers an overview of the current state of labor markets and pension coverage in a wide sample of Latin America and the Caribbean countries, and proposes a series of possible avenues toward universal coverage, not only as an instrument to fight poverty during old age, but also as part of an agenda for increasing formal employment and productivity growth. We conclude that despite perspectives of low economic growth and reduced fiscal space, the region is going through intense demographic and socio-economic changes, which increase the demand for better jobs and provide a real opportunity for initiating the bold reforms in pensions, labor, and taxes needed to achieve universal coverage.

Populism and Gender

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Abi-Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Gendered Discourse ◽  
Male Leadership ◽  
And Gender

Despite the breadth and depth of inquiries into populism, its relationship with gender issues remains a widely understudied topic. On one hand, focus has been almost entirely on male leadership, despite the presence of a significant number of female populist leaders. On the other hand, procedural definitions of populism ignore the substantive and symbolic elements that emerge from a populist gendered discourse. Through a generalized discussion and references to specific examples in Europe and Latin America, this chapter explores three major topics at the intersection of populism and gender: populist supporters, populist gendered representation, and the subordination of personal (gender) identity in populist discourse. Consistent with previous studies, it illustrates the difficulty in finding common patterns in the populist treatment of gender issues, and where they emerge it is an instance of trends in gendered discourse, not populist discourse.

Informal Investment for Entrepreneurs in Latin America and the Caribbean

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Alicia Coduras ◽  
Ignacio De la Vega
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Informal Investment ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Business ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Angel Investment

The authors provide a broad view of the field of informal investment in the region, emphasizing the importance of separating the contribution of this sector from that provided by other channels of financing of entrepreneurship such as angel investment and venture capital. After framing the issue and reviewing the most relevant academic literature, the authors discuss the existing relationship between the current state of informal investment in the area and the size of the informal sector in economies that constitute the sector. They also show the magnitude of informal investment and its impact on the creation of new business activities, identifying the most salient features of the process, as well as their strong and weak points, and a deep reflection on the elements that would have to work to make progress in the modernization of this sector.

scholarly journals Social and Gender Inequalities in Depressive Symptoms Among Urban Older Adults of Latin America and the Caribbean

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. S226-S236 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Eugenia Alvarado ◽  
M. Victoria Zunzunegui ◽  
F. Beland ◽  
M. Sicotte ◽  
L. Tellechea
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Editorial

Collectivus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Ivonne Molinares Guerrero ◽  
Eliana Sanandres Campis ◽  
Davide Riccardi
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
And Gender

La revista Collectivus, con esta nueva publicación del volumen 6, número 1, titulada “migraciones y género desde una perspectiva transnacional”, ofrece un espacio monográfico inédito cuyo propósito es profundizar el estudio sobre los movimientos humanos mundiales analizando, especialmente, la realidad y el enfoque femenino.Los 13 artículos del presente número, con el propósito de ofrecer una mirada holística, interdisciplinaria e intercultural de la temática, se nutrieron de las contribuciones que aportaron las autoras y los autores desde Latinoamérica, el Caribe y Europa.AbstractThe magazine Collectivus, with this new publication of volume 6, number 1, entitled "Migrations and gender from a transnational perspective", offers an unpublished monographic space whose purpose is to deepen the study of world human movements, analyzing, in particular, the reality and the female approach.The 13 articles of this issue, with the purpose of offering a holistic, interdisciplinary and intercultural view of the subject, were nourished by the contributions contributed by the authors and authors from Latin America, the Caribbean and Europe. 

Public Opinion Toward LGBT People and Rights in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Chaux ◽  
Manuela León ◽  
Lina Cuellar ◽  
Juliana Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Attitudes Toward Homosexuality ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
And Gender

Important changes toward more acceptance of homosexuality seem to be occurring in many countries around the world. However, large differences exist between individuals, societal groups, countries, and regions in attitudes toward homosexuality. Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LatAmC) are not an exception in either of these trends. More positive attitudes toward homosexuality in LatAmC countries and significant legal and political changes in favor of LBGT rights have been occurring in the region since the third wave of democratization in the 1980s. Nonetheless, there are important limitations to these advancements: they are highly uneven; they are fragile and likely to become targets of politically motivated public outrage; enforcement is irregular and often faces hostile resistance from the civil servants appointed to enact and uphold them; and LGBT individuals continue to face high levels of violence, making the region one of the deadliest for sexual and gender minorities, particularly trans women. Analyses from two large surveys, conducted periodically in several LatAmC countries, which include questions about homophobic attitudes (the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, or ICCS, and the Latin American Public Opinion Project, or LAPOP) show a clear historical pattern of increased acceptance toward homosexuality in most countries. They also reveal large differences between countries with high (e.g., Uruguay) or low (e.g., Haiti) levels of acceptance of homosexuality. Multiple variables are associated with these differences. In almost all countries, women and more educated, less religious, and more politically active participants show more positive attitudes toward homosexuality than men and less educated, more religious (especially evangelical) and less politically involved participants. The analysis of attitudes toward homosexuality in LatAmC shows that (a) change in attitudes at a large scale is possible and is occurring relatively fast in LatAmC; (b) some countries are greatly lagging behind in these changes, especially in the Caribbean; and (c) policies and programs are urgently needed in the region, not only to facilitate changes in those countries where homophobic attitudes are still very common, but also to consolidate changes that have already been occurring.

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