History of Fishing and Sailing Communities in the Western Indian Ocean

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Prabha Ray
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era ◽  
Over Time

Archaeologically, the presence of fishing groups is attested in the coastal areas of the western Indian Ocean as early as the seventh millennium bce. A history of these groups shows that they diversified into sailing, trading, pearling, and other occupations over time. By the third and second millennium bce, there is evidence for the use of certain varieties of fish for ornamentation and religious offerings, especially in the Harappan culture of the Indus valley. By the early centuries of the Common Era, a complex relationship developed between several occupational groups involved in fishing and sailing, such as shipbuilders, sailors, merchants, fishermen, and religious personnel, and this is evident from the connections that these coastal groups forged with those located inland as well as those based across the seas. Sailing across the seas involved sharing of knowledge not only of wind systems and navigation but also of boatbuilding and means of identifying different regions of the coast. In this, coastal shrines played a dual role. They functioned as markers to orient sailing vessels, but more importantly were centers of worship that brought together both inland and coastal communities.

Editorial Introduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Editors of the JIOWS
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fourth Volume ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Indian Ocean World ◽  
Shed Light

The editors are proud to present the first issue of the fourth volume of the Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies. This issue contains three articles, by James Francis Warren (Murdoch University), Kelsey McFaul (University of California, Santa Cruz), and Marek Pawelczak (University of Warsaw), respectively. Warren’s and McFaul’s articles take different approaches to the growing body of work that discusses pirates in the Indian Ocean World, past and present. Warren’s article is historical, exploring the life and times of Julano Taupan in the nineteenth-century Philippines. He invites us to question the meaning of the word ‘pirate’ and the several ways in which Taupan’s life has been interpreted by different European colonists and by anti-colonial movements from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. McFaul’s article, meanwhile, takes a literary approach to discuss the much more recent phenomenon of Somali Piracy, which reached its apex in the last decade. Its contribution is to analyse the works of authors based in the region, challenging paradigms that have mostly been developed from analysis of works written in the West. Finally, Pawelczak’s article is a legal history of British jurisdiction in mid-late nineteenth-century Zanzibar. It examines one of the facets that underpinned European influence in the western Indian Ocean World before the establishment of colonial rule. In sum, this issue uses two key threads to shed light on the complex relationships between European and other Western powers and the Indian Ocean World.

scholarly journals Bat coronavirus phylogeography in the Western Indian Ocean

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Joffrin ◽  
Steven M. Goodman ◽  
David A. Wilkinson ◽  
Beza Ramasindrazana ◽  
Erwan Lagadec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bat Coronavirus

AbstractBats provide key ecosystem services such as crop pest regulation, pollination, seed dispersal, and soil fertilization. Bats are also major hosts for biological agents responsible for zoonoses, such as coronaviruses (CoVs). The islands of the Western Indian Ocean are identified as a major biodiversity hotspot, with more than 50 bat species. In this study, we tested 1,013 bats belonging to 36 species from Mozambique, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Reunion Island and Seychelles, based on molecular screening and partial sequencing of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. In total, 88 bats (8.7%) tested positive for coronaviruses, with higher prevalence in Mozambican bats (20.5% ± 4.9%) as compared to those sampled on islands (4.5% ± 1.5%). Phylogenetic analyses revealed a large diversity of α- and β-CoVs and a strong signal of co-evolution between CoVs and their bat host species, with limited evidence for host-switching, except for bat species sharing day roost sites.ImportanceThis is the first study to report the presence of coronaviruses (CoVs) in bats in Mayotte, Mozambique and Reunion Island, and in insectivorous bats in Madagascar. Eight percent of the tested bats were positive for CoVs, with higher prevalence in continental Africa than on islands. A high genetic diversity of α- and β-CoVs was found, with strong association between bat host and virus phylogenies, supporting a long history of co-evolution between bats and their associated CoVs in the Western Indian Ocean. These results highlight that strong variation between islands does exist and is associated with the composition of the bat species community on each island. Future studies should investigate whether CoVs detected in these bats have a potential for spillover in other hosts.

scholarly journals New host and distribution record of Pontobdella macrothela (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Hirudinea) from a Grey Reef Shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856), in Mozambique, Western Indian Ocean

Check List ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
Clare A. Keating Daly ◽  
Danielle Orrell ◽  
Isabel M. da Silva ◽  
João P. F. Macuio ◽  
Tessa N. Hempton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
First Record ◽  
New Host ◽  
Reef Shark ◽  
The Third ◽  
Distribution Record

This report describes the first record of the piscicolid leech Pontobdella macrothela from Mozambique waters and the first record of P. macrothela parasitizing a Grey Reef Shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos). The leech, P. macrothela, was found attached externally between the third and fourth gill slits of a shark captured off Vamizi Island, Quirimbas Archipelago, northern Mozambique. 

Advancing community-led research into the climate of the Common Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Eggleston ◽  
Steven Phipps ◽  
Oliver Bothe ◽  
Helen V. McGregor ◽  
Belen Martrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Science ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Present Climate ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era ◽  
Scientific Questions ◽  
New Phase

<p>The past two thousand years is a key interval for climate science. This period encompasses both the era of human-induced global warming and a much longer interval when changes in Earth’s climate were governed principally by natural drivers and unforced variability. Since 2009, the Past Global Changes (PAGES) 2k Network has brought together hundreds of scientists from around the world to reconstruct and understand the climate of the Common Era using open and collaborative approaches to palaeoclimate science, including virtual meetings. The third phase of the network will end in December 2021. Here we highlight some key outputs of PAGES 2k and present the major themes and scientific questions emerging from recent surveys of the community. We explore how these might boost a new phase of PAGES 2k or a successor project(s). This year we will further reach out to the community through Town Hall consultations, vEGU and other meetings, and a PAGES 2k global webinar series. The aim of these activities is to foster development of post-2021 community-led PAGES initiatives that connect past and present climate.</p>

Gujarat in the History of the Indian Ocean

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
History Writing ◽  
New Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean

This chapter takes a stock taking exercise of the history writing on Gujarat and Indian maritime history over the last five decades. It identifies the major shifts and emphases that mark the nature of historical knowledge. What these hold for the discipline of history in general and how these inflect the case study of Gujarat in particular are examined. The intention of such a stock taking exercise is also to consider the importance of recovering and reading new and local archives and of incorporating new methods into standard historical work. The author also explores the most significant shifts that have emerged in the recent historiography of the Indian Ocean and of maritime Gujarat: study of law and piracy and Muslim seafaring and sailing practices in the western Indian Ocean.

Gene flow and demographic history of the mangrove crab Neosarmatium meinerti: A case study from the western Indian Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lapo Ragionieri ◽  
Stefano Cannicci ◽  
Christoph D. Schubart ◽  
Sara Fratini
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
History Of

Melancholy, Hanuš Jelínek and Miloš Marten

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Jana Kantoříková
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Politics ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Paul Claudel ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

The aim of this article is to present the roles of Miloš Marten (1883–1917) in the Czech–French cultural events of the first decade of the 20th century in the background of his contacts with Hanuš Jelínek (1878–1944). The first part of the article deals with Marten’s artistic and life experience during his stays in Paris (1907–1908). The consequences of those two stays to the artist’s life and work will be accentuated. The second part takes a close look at Miloš Marten’s critique of Hanuš Jelínek’s doctoral thesis Melancholics. Studies from the History of Sensibility in French Literature. To interpretate Marten’s reasons for such a negative criticism is our main pursued objective. Such criticism results not only from the rivality between Czech critics oriented to France, but also from different conceptions of the role of critical method and the role of the critic and the artist in the international cultural politics. The third part concludes with the critics’ „reconciliation‟ around 1913 by means of the common interest in the work and personality of Paul Claudel.

Phylogeography of the introduced speciesRattus rattusin the western Indian Ocean, with special emphasis on the colonization history of Madagascar

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Tollenaere ◽  
Carine Brouat ◽  
Jean-Marc Duplantier ◽  
Lila Rahalison ◽  
Soanandrasana Rahelinirina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Colonization History ◽  
History Of

Indian Merchants and the Western Indian Ocean: The Early Seventeenth Century

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashin Das Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Area ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Work Done

Researches in Indian economic history have stimulated curiosity about India's connections with the Indian Ocean area. Work done on European expansion in the non-European world has also contributed to the development of this area of enquiry. Recent writings on the Indian Ocean and the Indian maritime merchant have indicated important possibilities of further research. I shall first briefly consider some of these, and then pass on to an examination of a concrete historical problem where Indian economic history meets the history of European expansion and the two themes are held together by the Indian Ocean.

scholarly journals Negotiating Identity and Belonging in the Western Indian Ocean: Fluid Enabling Spaces in M.G. Vassanji’s Uhuru Street

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Dolors Ortega ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Short Story Cycle ◽  
Indian Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
Story Cycle

This article analyses the short story cycle Uhuru Street, which describes the life of the members of the minority Ismaili community, whom Vassanji fictionalises as Shamsis, in the context of crucial changes in the history of Tanzania. Diaspora, fragmentation and ethnic multiplicity in a really hierarchical tripartite society will be studied within the framework of cross-cultural networking in the Western Indian Ocean, where complex identity relations are established. Our discussion stems from a brief historical genealogy of the Indian community in Tanzania, it analyses the complex identity relations and affiliations among Tanzanian citizens of Indian descent, and moves on to the analysis of Vassanji’s short stories in order to explore those fluid and enabling spaces where identity and belonging are to be negotiated.

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