Advancing community-led research into the climate of the Common Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Eggleston ◽  
Steven Phipps ◽  
Oliver Bothe ◽  
Helen V. McGregor ◽  
Belen Martrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Science ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Present Climate ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era ◽  
Scientific Questions ◽  
New Phase

<p>The past two thousand years is a key interval for climate science. This period encompasses both the era of human-induced global warming and a much longer interval when changes in Earth’s climate were governed principally by natural drivers and unforced variability. Since 2009, the Past Global Changes (PAGES) 2k Network has brought together hundreds of scientists from around the world to reconstruct and understand the climate of the Common Era using open and collaborative approaches to palaeoclimate science, including virtual meetings. The third phase of the network will end in December 2021. Here we highlight some key outputs of PAGES 2k and present the major themes and scientific questions emerging from recent surveys of the community. We explore how these might boost a new phase of PAGES 2k or a successor project(s). This year we will further reach out to the community through Town Hall consultations, vEGU and other meetings, and a PAGES 2k global webinar series. The aim of these activities is to foster development of post-2021 community-led PAGES initiatives that connect past and present climate.</p>

Radicalism in the Argentine Catholic Church

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Deiner
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Third World ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Church

ON 11 MAY 1974 FATHER MUGICA, A LEADING SPOKESMAN OF THE Movement of Priests for the Third World (MPTW) and a pro- Peronist, was machine-gunned to death as he left his church in a working-class neighbourhood after celebrating mass. Once again the Catholic Church in Argentina called for peace and understanding as the proper path for Argentines, and the MPTW issued a long statement condemning the use of violence. Nevertheless, the common pleas by the two factions of the Church in Argentina have had little visible effect in stopping the violence through which Argentina is now suffering. In order to understand how the political and doctrinal differences from within the Church in Argentina have influenced in the past and will continue to influence the political developments in Argentina it is first necessary to look at the background of the problem.

scholarly journals Millennial-to-centennial patterns and trends in the hydroclimate of North America over the past 2000 years

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan N. Shuman ◽  
Cody Routson ◽  
Nicholas McKay ◽  
Sherilyn Fritz ◽  
Darrell Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past 2000 Years ◽  
Annual Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era ◽  
Millennial Scale

Abstract. A synthesis of 93 hydrologic records from across North and Central America, and adjacent tropical and Arctic islands, reveals centennial to millennial trends in the regional hydroclimates of the Common Era (CE; past 2000 years). The hydrological records derive from materials stored in lakes, bogs, caves, and ice from extant glaciers, which have the continuity through time to preserve low-frequency (> 100 year) climate signals that may not be well represented by other shorter-lived archives, such as tree-ring chronologies. The most common pattern, represented in 46 (49 %) of the records, indicates that the centuries before 1000 CE were drier than the centuries since that time. Principal components analysis indicates that millennial-scale trends represent the dominant pattern of variance in the southwest and northeast U.S., the mid-continent, Pacific Northwest, the Arctic, and the tropics, although not all records within a region show the same direction of change. The Pacific Northwest, Greenland, and the southernmost tier of the tropical sites tended to dry toward present, as many other areas became wetter than before. Twenty-two records (24 %) indicate that the Medieval period (800–1300 CE) was drier than the Little Ice Age (1400–1900 CE), but in many cases the difference was part of the longer millennial-scale trend, and, in 25 records (27 %), the Medieval period represented a pluvial (wet) phase. Where quantitative records permitted a comparison, we found that centennial-scale fluctuations over the Common Era represented changes of 3–7 % of the modern inter-annual range of variability in precipitation, but the accumulation of these long-term trends over the entirety of the Holocene caused recent centuries to be significantly wetter, on average, than most of the past 11 000 years.

scholarly journals Exploring the Sphinx and the Great Pyramid Through the Logos Heuristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Antonio Cassella
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Great Pyramid ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era

After detecting a primary triangulation through the crossing of two 18-mile (diameter) identical circles around a shared 14-mile baseline in ancient Egypt, the author hypothesizes that, in the 26th century before the Common Era, Pharaoh Khufu replaced with hope the general fear for the catlike goddess that preceded Giza’s Sphinx. Khufu changed the monstrous head of a monumental lioness on Giza’s plateau into the coarse head of the respected Horus-Pharaoh that guarded the southern lily plant and the northern papyrus. The Sphinx’s new symbolic head, or classical conservation in the finite first attention, joined flexible quantum computing in the ambiguous creativity of its body and the infinite second attention. The changed Sphinx and the Great Pyramid that followed its transfiguration point silently at the union of classical and quantum computing in the Third Attention that recreates natural systems, dreams, and social progress.

scholarly journals Placing the Common Era in a Holocene context: millennial to centennial patterns and trends in the hydroclimate of North America over the past 2000 years

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan N. Shuman ◽  
Cody Routson ◽  
Nicholas McKay ◽  
Sherilyn Fritz ◽  
Darrell Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Medieval Climate Anomaly ◽  
Climate Anomaly ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past 2000 Years ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era ◽  
Millennial Scale

Abstract. A synthesis of 93 hydrologic records from across North and Central America, and adjacent tropical and Arctic islands, reveals centennial to millennial trends in the regional hydroclimates of the Common Era (CE; past 2000 years). The hydrological records derive from materials stored in lakes, bogs, caves, and ice from extant glaciers, which have the continuity through time to preserve low-frequency ( > 100 year) climate signals that may extend deeper into the Holocene. The most common pattern, represented in 46 (49 %) of the records, indicates that the centuries before 1000 CE were drier than the centuries since that time. Principal component analysis indicates that millennial-scale trends represent the dominant pattern of variance in the southwestern US, northeastern US, mid-continent, Pacific Northwest, Arctic, and tropics, although not all records within a region show the same direction of change. The Pacific Northwest and the southernmost tier of the tropical sites tended to dry toward present, as many other areas became wetter than before. In 22 records (24 %), the Medieval Climate Anomaly period (800–1300 CE) was drier than the Little Ice Age (1400–1900 CE), but in many cases the difference was part of the longer millennial-scale trend, and, in 25 records (27 %), the Medieval Climate Anomaly period represented a pluvial (wet) phase. Where quantitative records permitted a comparison, we found that centennial-scale fluctuations over the Common Era represented changes of 3–7 % in the modern interannual range of variability in precipitation, but the accumulation of these long-term trends over the entirety of the Holocene caused recent centuries to be significantly wetter, on average, than most of the past 11 000 years.

scholarly journals Low-resolution Australasian palaeoclimate records of the last 2000 years

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn C. Dixon ◽  
Jonathan J. Tyler ◽  
Andrew M. Lorrey ◽  
Ian D. Goodwin ◽  
Joëlle Gergis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
A Priori ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Bayesian Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past 2000 Years ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era ◽  
Australasian Region

Abstract. Non-annually resolved palaeoclimate records in the Australasian region were compiled to facilitate investigations of decadal to centennial climate variability over the past 2000 years. A total of 661 lake/wetland, geomorphic, marine, and speleothem records were identified and then assessed against a set of a priori criteria based on temporal resolution, record length, dating methods, and confidence of the proxy-climate relationship over the Common Era. A high quality subset of 22 records across Australasia met the criteria and they are endorsed for subsequent analyses. New chronologies based on progressive Bayesian techniques were constructed for the high quality records to ensure a consistent approach to age modelling and quantification of age uncertainties. Chronological uncertainty was the primary reason why records did not meet the selection criteria. Despite present limitations, existing proxies and reconstruction techniques that successfully capture climate variability in the region show potential to address spatial gaps and expand the range of climate variables covering the last 2000 years from the Australasian region.

scholarly journals EPISTEMOLOGI DAKWAH FARDIYAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMUNIKASI ANTAR PRIBADI

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

Da ’wa fardiycih is one of the common activities in Islamic preaching and has been applied since earlier period of Islam. However, it has not applied scientific development so that it goes naturally. Referring to this case, this paper tries to discuss the epistemology of da ’wa fardiyah. The study on essence of da ’wa fardiyah will be started from the use of the term itself Since the term is not specifically found in the Quran, its definition is taken from interpersonal communication. The writer try to build a derived definition as follow: Da’wa fardiyah is face to face interaction between one individual and the other or between an individual and small group of people in order to change the individual or small group of people to live in the way of Islamic teachings. How to develop relation is applied gradually. It started from developing positive perception to mad’u and followed with developing cultural and social relation. The third phase is applied through a closed relation con- sidering potentials and differences in every individual.

scholarly journals The functions of the corpus luteum.—III. The factors concerned in the development of the mammary gland

1929 ◽  
Vol 104 (729) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
New Phase

Phases of Mammary Growth .—The development of the mammary gland from before puberty until the later stages of pregnancy may roughly be divided into four phases:— ( a ) During the pre-pubertal phase the mammary gland undergoes gradual development, though the gland is still limited to a few ducts in the neighbourhood of the nipple. ( b ) At puberty ( i. e. , the first œstrus) growth in the ducts takes place. This phase is well marked in the guinea-pig (Loeb, 17) in the rabbit (Ancel and Bouin, 5), and in teh opossum (Hartmen, 14). In teh absence of pregnancy this occurs at each œstrus. ( c ) These phases of growth, however, still leave the gland in a rudimentary condition, and after ovulation, correlated with the development of the corpus luteum, the third phase of growth of the mammary gland begins. If pregnancy fails to occur the subsequent removal of the luteal influence results in cessation of mammary growth after a greater or lesser development. The growth of the gland during the luteal phase of the cycle may being rapidly (as in the rabbit) or there may be a hiatus between the development of œstrus and of the luteal phase (as in the guineapig). Even during the luteal phase of the short diœstrous cycle in the non-pregnant animal the gland may be built up sufficiently to admit of a certain amount of secretion (Hammond and Woodman, 13). Where the luteal phase is very pronounced, as in animals such as the rabbit, ferret and dog, the end of the very considerable growth phase is regularly accompanied by the secretion of milk (Ancel and Bouin, 3, 4; Hammond, 12; Marshall and Halnan, 18). ( d ) During pregnancy the ultimate growth of the mammary gland occurs and this far exceeds the development at any other time. Two phases of growth are found. In the early stages of pregnancy the mammary gland undergoes a degree of development comparable with that found during the luteal phase of the ordinary cycle or during pseudo-pregnancy. In the later stages, however, an entirely new phase of growth begins, which results in greatly increased size of the gland and which culminates in the full development of the gland as found at the end of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Historical issues in Polish-Russian relations within the period of 1989 to 2007

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-255
Author(s):  
Konrad Słowiński
Keyword(s):  
Political Elites ◽  
Russian History ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Communist System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Issues ◽  
Deep Crisis ◽  
The Way

The article focuses on the issue of the influence of the historical conditions on the Polish-Russian relations at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The history of these two countries is linked by a long-lasting and difficult past, and thus numerous unresolved disputes, burdens, and myths arose that have been felt to this day. In 1989, after the fall of the Communist system in our country, new political elites managing the process of democratic changes in the Third Polish Republic made efforts that aimed at settling disputed threads from the common Polish-Russian history. On the way to making up for the past, the period between 1989 and 2007 was marked by a number of important events that could be seen as the symbol of the common reconciliation. Unfortunately, there were also moments of regression and deep crisis that negatively affected the cooperation of both countries in the matter of dealing with difficult cards of the common history. This was influenced by a different approach to the past that is understood differently in Poland and in Russia and that contributed to the emergence of numerous misunderstandings, as well as to the mutual accusations in this field.

History of Fishing and Sailing Communities in the Western Indian Ocean

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Prabha Ray
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era ◽  
Over Time

Archaeologically, the presence of fishing groups is attested in the coastal areas of the western Indian Ocean as early as the seventh millennium bce. A history of these groups shows that they diversified into sailing, trading, pearling, and other occupations over time. By the third and second millennium bce, there is evidence for the use of certain varieties of fish for ornamentation and religious offerings, especially in the Harappan culture of the Indus valley. By the early centuries of the Common Era, a complex relationship developed between several occupational groups involved in fishing and sailing, such as shipbuilders, sailors, merchants, fishermen, and religious personnel, and this is evident from the connections that these coastal groups forged with those located inland as well as those based across the seas. Sailing across the seas involved sharing of knowledge not only of wind systems and navigation but also of boatbuilding and means of identifying different regions of the coast. In this, coastal shrines played a dual role. They functioned as markers to orient sailing vessels, but more importantly were centers of worship that brought together both inland and coastal communities.

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