Adapting to Climate Sensitive Hazards through Architecture

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.49 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Allison Hoadley Anderson

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Soil Subsidence ◽

Adaptation Policies ◽

Planned Adaptation ◽

Building Operation ◽

Planning And Construction

In architecture, mitigation reduces the magnitude of climate change by reducing demand for resources; anticipatory adaptation improves performance against hazards; and planned adaptation creates policies and codes to support adaptation. Adaptation prepares for a future with intensifying climate conditions. The built environment must prepare for challenges that may be encountered during the service life of the building, and reduce human exposure to hazards. Structures are responsible for about 39% of the primary energy consumption worldwide and 24% of the greenhouse gas emissions, significantly contributing to the causes of climate change. Measures to reduce demand in the initial construction and over the life cycle of the building operation directly impact the climate. Improving performance against hazards requires a suite of modifications to counter specific threats. Adaptation measures may address higher temperatures, extreme precipitation, stormwater flooding, sea-level rise, hurricanes, drought, soil subsidence, wildfires, extended pest ranges, and multiple hazards. Because resources to meet every threat are inadequate, actions with low costs now which offer high benefits under a range of predicted future climates become high-priority solutions. Disaster risk is also reduced by aligning policies for planning and construction with anticipated hazards. Climate adaptation policies based on the local effects of climate change are a new tool to communicate risk and share resources. Building codes establish minimum standards for construction, so incorporating adaptation strategies into codes ensures that the resulting structures will survive a range of uncertain futures.

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Ethics and Climate Adaptation

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.013.42 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Clare Heyward

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Cultural Identity ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Basic Material ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Economic Interests ◽

Climate Policies ◽

Material Interests ◽

Adaptation Policies ◽

Physical Changes

In the context of climate policies, adaptation as a response to climate change aims not to prevent environmental impacts but to reduce the effects of the physical changes on key interests. Therefore, it is necessary to consider what kinds of things—what interests—should adaptation seek to protect from the effects of climate change. Any account of justice in adaptation must take a position on what interests adaptation measures should protect. The increasing convention in discourses on adaptation is to assume that protection of basic material interests of individuals is the proper goal of adaptation. Occasionally, it has been mooted that policies to safeguard economic interests can also count as adaptation. This chapter suggests that an interest in secure cultural identity is also relevant and that adaptation policies should take it into account.

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From vision to action: roadmapping as a strategic method and tool to implement climate change adaptation – the example of the roadmap ‘water sensitive urban design 2020’

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.065 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (9) ◽

pp. 2251-2259 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. U. Hasse ◽

D. E. Weingaertner

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Urban Design ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Support Tool ◽

Process Support ◽

Development Processes ◽

Water Sensitive Urban Design

As the central product of the BMBF-KLIMZUG-funded Joint Network and Research Project (JNRP) ‘dynaklim – Dynamic adaptation of regional planning and development processes to the effects of climate change in the Emscher-Lippe region (North Rhine Westphalia, Germany)’, the Roadmap 2020 ‘Regional Climate Adaptation’ has been developed by the various regional stakeholders and institutions containing specific regional scenarios, strategies and adaptation measures applicable throughout the region. This paper presents the method, elements and main results of this regional roadmap process by using the example of the thematic sub-roadmap ‘Water Sensitive Urban Design 2020’. With a focus on the process support tool ‘KlimaFLEX’, one of the main adaptation measures of the WSUD 2020 roadmap, typical challenges for integrated climate change adaptation like scattered knowledge, knowledge gaps and divided responsibilities but also potential solutions and promising chances for urban development and urban water management are discussed. With the roadmap and the related tool, the relevant stakeholders of the Emscher-Lippe region have jointly developed important prerequisites to integrate their knowledge, to clarify vulnerabilities, adaptation goals, responsibilities and interests, and to foresightedly coordinate measures, resources, priorities and schedules for an efficient joint urban planning, well-grounded decision-making in times of continued uncertainties and step-by-step implementation of adaptation measures from now on.

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A Framework for Identification, Assessment and Prioritization of Climate Change Adaptation Measures for Roads and Railways

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182312314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 12314

Author(s):

Yvonne Andersson-Sköld ◽

Lina Nordin ◽

Erik Nyberg ◽

Mikael Johannesson

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Hazard Identification ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Costs And Benefits ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Severe Accidents ◽

Risk Reduction Measures

Severe accidents and high costs associated with weather-related events already occur in today’s climate. Unless preventive measures are taken, the costs are expected to increase in future due to ongoing climate change. However, the risk reduction measures are costly as well and may result in unwanted impacts. Therefore, it is important to identify, assess and prioritize which measures are necessary to undertake, as well as where and when these are to be undertaken. To be able to make such evaluations, robust (scientifically based), transparent and systematic assessments and valuations are required. This article describes a framework to assess the cause-and-effect relationships and how to estimate the costs and benefits as a basis to assess and prioritize measures for climate adaptation of roads and railways. The framework includes hazard identification, risk analysis and risk assessment, identification, monetary and non-monetary evaluation of possible risk reduction measures and a step regarding distribution-, goal- and sensitivity analyses. The results from applying the framework shall be used to prioritize among potential risk reduction measures as well as when to undertake them.

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MODELING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION: AMENITY VERSUS PRODUCTIVITY AND MODERNIZATION

Climate Change Economics ◽

10.1142/s2010007813500061 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 04 (02) ◽

pp. 1350006 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

NATALI HRITONENKO ◽

YURI YATSENKO

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Environmental Adaptation ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Long Run ◽

Aggregated Model ◽

Total Productivity ◽

Adaptation Policies ◽

Adaptation Investments

We develop an aggregated model to study rational environmental adaptation policies that compensate negative consequences of climate change. The model distinguishes three categories of adaptation measures that (a) compensate the decrease of environmental amenity value, (b) compensate the decrease of total productivity, (c) develop and introduce new hazard-protected capital and technology. We analyze the optimal balance among consumption, capital investment, and different categories of adaptation investments under exogenous climate change. It appears that the climate change damage and subsequent adaptation do not lead to a higher level of capital modernization in the long run as compared to the benchmark case with no climate change. A synergism between productivity-related and amenity-related adaptation activities arises because the productivity-related adaptation positively impacts the economy and creates better possibilities for the amenity adaptation.

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Trapped or Voluntary? Non-Migration Despite Climate Risks

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12114718 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 4718 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bishawjit Mallick ◽

Jochen Schanze

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Human Rights ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Social Equality ◽

Specific Research ◽

Climate Risks ◽

Migration Research ◽

Policy Goals ◽

Adaptation Policies ◽

Research And Policy

Millions of people impacted by climate change actually want to remain in place; these aspirations and respective capabilities need more attention in migration research and climate adaptation policies. Residents at risk may voluntarily stay put, as opposed to being involuntarily trapped, and understanding such subjectivity is empirically challenging. This comment elaborates on “voluntary non-migration” to call attention to a neglected population within the ongoing discourses on climate-induced migration, social equality and human rights. A roadmap for action outlines specific research and policy goals.

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Climate Change Adaptation Measures for Buildings—A Scoping Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12051721 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1721 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anna Eknes Stagrum ◽

Erlend Andenæs ◽

Tore Kvande ◽

Jardar Lohne

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Built Environment ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Climate Scenarios ◽

Successful Operation ◽

Scientific Publications ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

General Studies

As the climate changes globally and locally, the built environment will be subject to different climatic exposure than in the past. Adaptation measures are required to ensure the long-term integrity and successful operation of the built environment. This study examines literature on climate adaptation measures for buildings through a scoping literature review. It is centered around the main journals in the field of climate adaptation of the built environment, then expanded to map the extent of scientific publications about climate adaptation in general. Studies that regard future climate scenarios have been of particular interest. The majority of the identified literature concerns climate change impacts on buildings in warm climates, with overheating being seen as the greatest challenge. Additionally, few empirical studies are found; most identified research is based on computer simulations or literature reviews. The volume of research on the consequences of climate change on buildings in cold regions is surprisingly small, considering the pecuniary stakes involved. The predictions of climate scenarios suggest regulatory/policy measures on climate adaptation should be taken as quickly as possible to avoid greater costs in the future. However, further research into future scenarios is also essential.

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Assessing the vulnerability of urban forests to climate change

Environmental Reviews ◽

10.1139/er-2013-0078 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 311-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

C. Ordóñez ◽

P.N. Duinker

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Urban Forests ◽

Urban Trees ◽

Species Selection ◽

General Notion ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Vulnerability Assessments ◽

Climate Vulnerability

Climate adaptation is being embraced by many municipalities worldwide. An element of this is the planting and protection of urban trees. However, the fact that climate change will also have an impact on urban trees has been largely overlooked. We argue that climate vulnerability assessments are necessary for addressing climate adaptation in urban forests and contribute to successful climate adaptation in cities. We review and integrate the literature on climate vulnerability and urban forests to explore how the general notion of urban forest vulnerability to climate change can be developed into an operational framework for undertaking a vulnerability assessment. The framework characterizes climate exposure, impact, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, as well as nonclimatic drivers and factors, in urban forests. The most important themes in this discussion include urban tree species selection and diversity, naturalization, resource access, social awareness and engagement, budget and economic valuation, liability issues, and governance structures. Climate change vulnerability assessments help us understand how and why urban forests are vulnerable to climate change, identify future areas for research, and determine what adaptation measures could be included in urban forest management. These assessments help bring climate change to the forefront of the decision-making process and contribute to successful urban adaptation to climate change.

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Participatory integrated assessment of flood protection measures for climate adaptation in Dhaka

Environment and Urbanization ◽

10.1177/0956247811433538 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 197-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Anika Nasra Haque ◽

Stelios Grafakos ◽

Marijk Huijsman

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Integrated Assessment ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Global Climate ◽

Flood Protection ◽

High Rate ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

The Government ◽

The City

Dhaka is one of the largest megacities in the world and its population is growing rapidly. Due to its location on a deltaic plain, the city is extremely prone to detrimental flooding, and risks associated with this are expected to increase further in the coming years due to global climate change impacts as well as the high rate of urbanization the city is facing. The lowest-lying part of Dhaka, namely Dhaka East, is facing the most severe risk of flooding. Traditionally, excess water in this part of the city was efficiently stored in water ponds and gradually drained into rivers through connected canals. However, the alarming increase in Dhaka’s population is causing encroachment of these water retention areas because of land scarcity. The city’s natural drainage is not functioning well and the area is still not protected from flooding, which causes major threats to its inhabitants. This situation increases the urgency to adapt effectively to current flooding caused by climate variability and also to the impacts of future climate change. Although the government is planning several adaptive measures to protect the area from floods, a systematic framework to analyze and assess them is lacking. The objective of this paper is to develop an integrated framework for the assessment and prioritization of various (current and potential) adaptation measures aimed at protecting vulnerable areas from flooding. The study identifies, analyzes, assesses and prioritizes adaptive initiatives and measures to address flood risks in the eastern fringe area, and the adaptation assessment is conducted within the framework of multi-criteria analysis (MCA) methodology. MCA facilitates the participation of stakeholders and hence allows normative judgements, while incorporating technical expertise in the adaptation assessment. Based on the assessment, adaptive measures are prioritized to indicate which actions should be implemented first. Such a participatory integrated assessment of adaptation options is currently lacking in the decision-making process in the city of Dhaka and could greatly help reach informed and structured decisions in the development of adaptation strategies for flood protection.

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Financing climate change in the conditions of the Slovak agricultural sector

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20219202021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 92 ◽

pp. 02021

Author(s):

Ivan Holúbek ◽

Marián Tóth ◽

Tomáš Rábek ◽

Johana Jakabovičová

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Global Climate ◽

National Level ◽

Value Added ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

European Investment

Research background: Globalization is a powerful engine of structural changes in national, regional and global economies. Except for positive economic effects, globalization also has negative effects. One of them is the deterioration of the global environmental situation and the ongoing global climate change. Purpose of the article: The paper focuses on the current global financing trends to mitigate the effects of climate change. Generally financial funds come from international, national and regional actors. Governments have a range of funding mechanisms and resources at their disposal. Within the EU, these are the Structural Funds, investment funds and the financing from European Investment Bank. At the national level, it is financial assistance from state budgets and local government budgets. Methods: The paper provides literature review of the possibilities of financing climate change at the national and international level and, using analysis and synthesis, points to future trends and sources of financing climate change. We also analyse the proposal of Common agricultural policy 2021-2027 and effects on Slovak agriculture. European Commission wants member states to use up to 40% of the budget for environmental goods and climate change. Slovakia might have problems to spend the allocation due to the fact, that most of the money will be voluntary schemes. Farmers will have the option to participate. Findings & Value added: Agriculture is seriously exposed to the adverse effects of climate change as agricultural activities are directly depending on climate conditions. The article analyses in detail the possibilities and sources of financing adaptation measures in the Slovak agricultural sector.

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