1. What is climate change?

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Maslin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
Profound Influence

‘What is climate change?’ examines the role of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in moderating past global climate; why they have been rising since the industrial revolution; and why they are now considered dangerous pollutants. It considers which countries have produced the most GHGs and how this is changing with rapid global development. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change regularly collates and assesses the most recent key research and evidence for climate change. Its assessments have a profound influence on the negotiators of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). As more carbon is emitted into the atmosphere the effects of climate change will increase, which will threaten and challenge human society.

1. What is climate change?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mark Maslin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel

‘What is climate change?’ discusses what climate change is. Climate change is no longer just a scientific concern, but encompasses economics, sociology, geopolitics, national and local politics, law, and health just to name a few. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) play an important role in moderating past global climate. Why they have been rising since before the Industrial Revolution, and why are they now considered dangerous pollutants? Which countries have produced the most anthropogenic GHGs and how is this changing with rapid economic development? It is important here to consider the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and how it regularly collates and assesses the most recent evidence for climate change.

20. Australia and global climate change

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
Key Drivers

This chapter examines Australia’s engagement with the international politics of global climate change. It first provides an overview of the problem of global climate change and its likely effects, focusing on key complexities and dilemmas regarding climate change, and the evolution of the climate change regime through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process. It then considers key drivers of climate diplomacy, from the ideology and foreign policy perspectives of different governments to the role of public opinion and the ebb and flow of international cooperation. It shows that Australia’s changing approach to climate change cooperation underscores the profound challenges for the climate change regime.

Global Climate Change: Real or Myth?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
An Inconvenient Truth ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The One

We, the teeming billions of people on earth, are changing the earth’s climate at an unprecedented rate because we are spewing out greenhouse gases and are heading to a disaster, say most climate scientists. Not so, say the skeptics. We are just experiencing normal variations in earth’s climate and we should all take a big breath, settle down, and worry about something else. Which is it? A national debate has raged for the last several decades about whether anthropogenic (man-made) sources of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and other so-called “greenhouse gases“ (primarily methane and nitrous oxide) are causing the world to heat up. This phenomenon is usually called “global warming,” but it is more appropriate to call it “global climate change,” since it is not simply an increase in global temperatures but rather more complex changes to the overall climate. Al Gore is a prominent spokesman for the theory that humans are causing an increase in greenhouse gases leading to global climate change. His movie and book, An Inconvenient Truth, gave the message widespread awareness and resulted in a Nobel Peace Prize for him in 2008. However, the message also led to widespread criticism. On the one hand are a few scientists and a large segment of the general American public who believe that there is no connection between increased CO2 in the atmosphere and global climate change, or if there is, it is too expensive to do anything about it, anyway. On the other hand is an overwhelming consensus of climate scientists who have produced enormous numbers of research papers demonstrating that increased CO2 is changing the earth’s climate. The scientific consensus is expressed most clearly in the Fourth Assessment Report in 2007 by the United Nations–sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the fourth in a series of reports since 1990. The IPCC began as a group of scientists meeting in Geneva in November 1988 to discuss global climate issues under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the UNFCCC

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kuyper ◽  
Heike Schroeder ◽  
Björn-Ola Linnér
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Industrial Country ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Voluntary Contributions ◽  
Top Down ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
Climate Action

This article takes stock of the evolution of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) through the prism of three recent shifts: the move away from targeting industrial country emissions in a legally binding manner under the Kyoto Protocol to mandating voluntary contributions from all countries under the Paris Agreement; the shift from the top-down Kyoto architecture to the hybrid Paris outcome; and the broadening out from a mitigation focus under Kyoto to a triple goal comprising mitigation, adaptation, and finance under Paris. This review discusses the implications of these processes for the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of the UNFCCC's institutional and operational settings for meeting the convention's objectives. It ends by sketching three potential scenarios facing the UNFCCC as it seeks to coordinate the Paris Agreement and its relationship to the wider landscape of global climate action.

The Netherlands v. Stichting Urgenda

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 478-534
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions

478Environment — Treaties — Interpretation — Climate change — United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992 — Annex I — Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change — Greenhouse gases — Emissions reduction targets — Whether Netherlands obliged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenario — Treaty interpretationHuman rights — Treaties — Interpretation — Application — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — Article 2 — Right to life — Article 8 — Right to private and family life — Climate change — Greenhouse gases — Emissions reduction targets — Whether Netherlands having positive obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions — Principle of effective interpretation of treaties — Right to effective protectionState responsibility — Partial responsibility — Climate change — Human rights — Global problem — Treaties — United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992 — Paris Agreement, 2015 — Whether Netherlands partially responsible for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions — Individual responsibilityRelationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992 — Decisions of Conference of the Parties — Whether having effect in interpretation and application of domestic law — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — Right to life — Right to private and family life — The law of the Netherlands

scholarly journals COP and the Cloth: Quantitatively and Normatively Assessing Religious NGO Participation at the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Sci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
David Krantz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Politics ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
Global North ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Climate Crisis

How much is religion quantitatively involved in global climate politics? After assessing the role of the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change from a normative perspective, this descriptive, transdisciplinary and unconventional study offers the first comprehensive quantitative examination of religious nongovernmental organizations that formally participate in its annual meetings, the largest attempts to solve the climate crisis through global governance. This study finds that although their numbers are growing, only about 3 percent of registered nongovernmental organizations accredited to participate in the conference are overtly religious in nature—and that more than 80 percent of those faith-based groups are Christian. Additionally, this study finds that religious nongovernmental organizations that participate in the conference are mostly from the Global North. The results call for greater participation of religious institutions in the international climate negotiations in order for society to address the planetary emergency of climate change.

scholarly journals UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC) AND ROLE OF UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Shubham Yadav ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
Use Of Technology

Man is a creator and molder of his environment which vests him with physical sustenance and affords him an opportunity for overall growth and development. Development is a perpetual process enabling a man to realize his potentialities to achieve his targets by exploiting natureÂ’s resources. Sustainability is a pattern of socio structural economic transformation which optimizes the benefits without compromising or jeopardizing the interest and potentiality of future generations but ensuring the evolution of a common principle so that human beings can survive for a long time with the natural environment. People are one of nationÂ’s greatest resources for enforcement of environment laws and regulations are intimately related to the natural attributes as citizens are omnipresent, motivated and interested in environment quality. But at present time advanced use of science and technology or of manufacturing process has disturbed the ecological balance. Since 1972 many attempt has been made to reconcile this imbalance. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was an attempt to bring both these elements i.e. use of technology and maintenance of ecological fairness together and try to tackle the issues of sustainable development, environment degradation and climate change effectively. The UNFCCC was an idea which caused all the countries of the world to come together and look for a solution to this world problem. In this paper it has been attempted to understand the effectiveness of UNFCCC with respect to role of United States of America. The author has mentioned two particular conferences of parties which were proved to be two milestone steps for protecting our environment under international legal regime.

scholarly journals Predicting Paris: Multi-Method Approaches to Forecast the Outcomes of Global Climate Negotiations

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef F. Sprinz ◽  
Bruce Bueno de Mesquita ◽  
Steffen Kallbekken ◽  
Frans Stokman ◽  
Håkon Sælen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Climate Negotiations ◽  
Negotiation Simulation ◽  
Do So

We examine the negotiations held under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change in Paris, December 2015. Prior to these negotiations, there was considerable uncertainty about whether an agreement would be reached, particularly given that the world’s leaders failed to do so in the 2009 negotiations held in Copenhagen. Amid this uncertainty, we applied three different methods to predict the outcomes: an expert survey and two negotiation simulation models, namely the Exchange Model and the Predictioneer’s Game. After the event, these predictions were assessed against the coded texts that were agreed in Paris. The evidence suggests that combining experts’ predictions to reach a collective expert prediction makes for significantly more accurate predictions than individual experts’ predictions. The differences in the performance between the two different negotiation simulation models were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals O BIOGÁS E A PRODUÇÃO DE SUÍNOS DO SUL DO BRASIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladis Maria Backes Bühring ◽  
Vicente Celestino Pires Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
United Nations Framework Convention

A produção intensiva de suínos na região Sul do Brasil é desenvolvida principalmente em propriedades familiares em sistema de integração basicamente. A concentração de dejetos representa uma biomassa  residual de elevada carga orgânica, com potencial risco de contaminação ambiental e se não forem geridos de forma adequada, podem acarretar em contaminação dos recursos hídricos, do solo e do ar. O tratamento dos dejetos de suínos pela digestão anaeróbia possui potencial no suprimento energético e de saneamento ambiental no meio rural, produzindo biogás, biofertilizante e reduzindo a matéria orgânica poluente. Nesse contexto, objetivo foi estimar o plantel de suínos da agricultura familiar da região Sul do Brasil, com cálculos da quantidade de dejetos e de produção de biogás, além da redução de emissões de metano para o plantel considerado. Para isso foram utilizados dados de plantel do IBGE, e os cálculos realizados pela metodologia estabelecida pelo Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC) constante nas orientações do UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). A partir deste estudo constatou-se a importância da agricultura familiar na cadeia de produção de suínos, pois detêm 67% do plantel na região Sul do Brasil, com elevado potencial de produção de biogás e de redução de emissão de metano pela adoção do tratamento dos dejetos de suínos através da digestão anaeróbia, com possibilidade de transformar um passivo ambiental em ativo energético e econômico na propriedade rural.

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