6. Understanding the crime drop

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-82
Author(s):  
Tim Newburn
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Crime Drop

‘Understanding the crime drop’ explains that the downward trend has not been confined to particular countries. Nor is it a short-term blip, but has been sustained over a significant period of time, even during periods of great economic turbulence. There is no simple explanation for the rise or fall of crime. It is a combination of factors, including matters of political economy, social inequality, changes in our routine activities, and, more recently, greater attention given to security and crime prevention, which most likely explains the observed trends. However, the role of the Internet is also explored. Do our main measures of crime underestimate just how much crime is taking place?

Political and Economic Determinants of Asynchronous Approval of New GM Events

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Maurício Benedeti Rosa ◽  
Rosane Nunes de Faria ◽  
Eduardo Rodrigues de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Negative News ◽  
Consumer Access

AbstractWe use a political economy perspective to provide the first empirical analysis of the main political and economic determinants of asynchronous approval (AA) for a variety of countries over the period 2000–2015. The key results that emerge from our paper are the prominent role of regulatory quality and the number of internet users in a particular country in influencing AA across countries. We found that the higher the share of internet users in a country, the lower the AA. Consumer access to the internet makes them less exposed to negative news about genetically modified (GM) products, as they are less influenced by the negative bias of traditional mass media toward biotechnology. Additionally, the better the regulation quality (the more efficiently a government formulates and implements regulation), the shorter the time necessary to approve new GM events, and the lower the AA. Furthermore, our findings confirm that determinants such as corruption, trade relations with stringent markets, and the size of the rural population are also important in explaining AA of GM events.

scholarly journals Critical Surveillance Studies in the Information Society

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 566-592
Author(s):  
Thomas Allmer
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Information Society ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Political Economy Approach

The overall aim of this paper is to clarify how we can theorize and systemize economic surveillance. Surveillance studies scholars like David Lyon stress that economic surveillance such as monitoring consumers or the workplace are central aspects of surveillance societies. The approach that is advanced in this work recognizes the importance of the role of the economy in contemporary surveillance societies. The paper at hand constructs theoretically founded typologies in order to systemize the existing literature of surveillance studies and to analyze examples of surveillance. Therefore, it mainly is a theoretical approach combined with illustrative examples. This contribution contains a systematic discussion of the state of the art of surveillance and clarifies how different notions treat economic aspects of surveillance. In this work it is argued that the existing literature is insufficient for studying economic surveillance. In contrast, a typology of surveillance in the modern economy, which is based on foundations of a political economy approach, allows providing a systematic analysis of economic surveillance on the basis of current developments on the Internet. Finally, some political recommendations are drawn in order to overcome economic surveillance. This contribution can be fruitful for scholars who want to undertake a systematic analysis of surveillance in the modern economy and who want to study the field of surveillance critically.

Liability of Internet Service Providers under Nigerian Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-370
Author(s):  
Bernard Jemilohun
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Service Providers ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Private Rights

AbstractThis paper examines the role of Internet Service Providers as bridges and intermediaries between private persons, organizations even government arms and the Internet and the liabilities placed on them by the law with regard to wrongful acts of their subscribers or clients under the laws of Nigeria. It is common knowledge that actions againstISPs are commonest with defamation and infringement of copyright. The legal framework in theUSand the UKare examined to determine if there are lessons to learn for Nigeria. The Nigerian legal framework also places some responsibilities on ISPs with regard to crime prevention and prosecution. This is because private rights are not yet much of an issue in the Nigerian cyberspace. The paper points out that much of the regulation governingISPs liability in respect of civil matters do not have legislative power but are mere guidelines and suggests that theUSand UKpatterns have a lot to offer Nigeria.

scholarly journals Critical Surveillance Studies in the Information Society

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 566-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Allmer
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Information Society ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Political Economy Approach

The overall aim of this paper is to clarify how we can theorize and systemize economic surveillance. Surveillance studies scholars like David Lyon stress that economic surveillance such as monitoring consumers or the workplace are central aspects of surveillance societies. The approach that is advanced in this work recognizes the importance of the role of the economy in contemporary surveillance societies. The paper at hand constructs theoretically founded typologies in order to systemize the existing literature of surveillance studies and to analyze examples of surveillance. Therefore, it mainly is a theoretical approach combined with illustrative examples. This contribution contains a systematic discussion of the state of the art of surveillance and clarifies how different notions treat economic aspects of surveillance. In this work it is argued that the existing literature is insufficient for studying economic surveillance. In contrast, a typology of surveillance in the modern economy, which is based on foundations of a political economy approach, allows providing a systematic analysis of economic surveillance on the basis of current developments on the Internet. Finally, some political recommendations are drawn in order to overcome economic surveillance. This contribution can be fruitful for scholars who want to undertake a systematic analysis of surveillance in the modern economy and who want to study the field of surveillance critically.

scholarly journals Towards Marxian Internet Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Internet Studies ◽  
Surplus Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Media And Communication

This article gives an overview of example approaches of Critical Internet Studies and points out key concepts of this field. Critical Cyberculture Studies and Critical Political Economy/Critical Theory of the Internet are identified as two approaches in Critical Internet Studies. The paper also discusses the role of 11 Marxian concepts for Critical Internet Studies. Marxian concepts that have been reflected in Critical Internet Studies include: dialectics, capitalism, commodification, surplus value/exploitation/alienation/class, globalization, ideology, class struggle, commons, public sphere, communism, and aesthetics. The paper points out the importance of explicitly acknowledging the importance of Karl Marx’s thinking in Critical Internet Studies. Marx’s concepts are today frequently used implicitly, without acknowledging and engaging with their roots. A critique of the approach of “Critical” Cyberculture Studies is advanced. This approach is compared to the approaches of Critical Theory and Critical Political Economy of the Internet. The difference between these two approaches reflects the debate about class exploitation and non-class domination between Cultural Studies and Critical Political Economy in Media and Communication Studies.

Disaster Management and Continuity Planning in Libraries

2019 ◽  
pp. 500-524
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hamilton ◽  
Diane Brown
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuity Planning ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Year 2000

Since the year 2000 libraries' concepts of disaster management, contingency planning and the role of libraries in a major disruptive event have changed dramatically. Libraries have gone from an emphasis on protecting and restoring collections and facilities to an emphasis on service continuity. Although broadband adoption nationwide remains disproportionate at best, the advent and widespread use of the Internet and e-government mean that libraries have become the centers of communication for their communities in a crisis. This chapter will demonstrate the essential role of libraries before, during and after a disaster, both short term and long term and how to get a seat at the table with community planners by demonstrating the functions that are critical to recovery. In order to fulfill this community role, a library first needs to be prepared with its own business continuity plan.

Financialization, securitization and the decline of pubs in Britain

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1293-1311
Author(s):  
Liam Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Shareholder Value ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Political Economy Approach

Abstract Pubs in Britain are closing at a rapid rate. While changing regulatory, demographic and consumer trends have weakened the viability of pubs businesses in recent years, less is known about the role of Pub Companies, or ‘pubcos’, in contributing to the decline of the sector. Reflecting the core elements of financialization, pubcos acquire assets through securitization, prioritize shareholder value and operate under short-term financial targets and metrics. Adopting an institutionally sensitive geographical political economy approach, this article analyzes the ways in which pubcos, through financialization and securitization, have transformed the ownership and geographies of pubs in Britain. Foregrounding the firm as the unit of analysis, it emphasizes the importance of firm agency in creating more granular understandings of the geographical causes and implications of securitization. Analyzing the interrelationships between actors involved in the securitization process, particularly tensions between shareholders and bondholders, this article makes a novel contribution around the variegated, contradictory and conflicted nature of firm-level financialization.

The nature and dynamics of the counterfeiting business

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Antonopoulos ◽  
Alexandra Hall ◽  
Joanna Large ◽  
Anqi Shen ◽  
Michael Crang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet

Chapter three focuses on the nature and social organisation of the counterfeiting business. It examines the structures and actors involved in the business as well as their motivations, briefly explores the political economy of supply, and pays attention to the role of the internet in the trade.

Disaster Management and Continuity Planning in Libraries

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hamilton ◽  
Diane Brown
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuity Planning ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Year 2000

Since the year 2000 libraries' concepts of disaster management, contingency planning and the role of libraries in a major disruptive event have changed dramatically. Libraries have gone from an emphasis on protecting and restoring collections and facilities to an emphasis on service continuity. Although broadband adoption nationwide remains disproportionate at best, the advent and widespread use of the Internet and e-government mean that libraries have become the centers of communication for their communities in a crisis. This chapter will demonstrate the essential role of libraries before, during and after a disaster, both short term and long term and how to get a seat at the table with community planners by demonstrating the functions that are critical to recovery. In order to fulfill this community role, a library first needs to be prepared with its own business continuity plan.

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