Whole-body skeletal muscle mass: development and validation of total-body potassium prediction models

AbstractResearches have suggested Mediterranean diet might lower the risk of chronic diseases, but data on skeletal muscle mass (SMM) are limited. This community-based cross-sectional study examined the association between the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMDS) and SMM in 2230 females and 1059 males aged 40–75 years in Guangzhou, China. General information and habitual dietary information were assessed in face-to-face interviews conducted during 2008–2010 and 3 years later. The aMDS was calculated by summing the dichotomous points for the items of higher intakes of whole grain, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, fish and ratio of MUFA:SFA, lower red meat and moderate ethanol consumption. The SMM of the whole body, limbs, arms and legs were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry during 2011–2013. After adjusting for potential covariates, higher aMDS was positively associated with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, SMM/height2, kg/m2) at all of the studied sites in males (all Ptrend<0·05). The multiple covariate-adjusted SMI means were 2·70 % (whole body), 2·65 % (limbs), 2·50 % (arms) and 2·70 % (legs) higher in the high (v. low) category aMDS in males (all P<0·05). In females, the corresponding values were 1·35 % (Ptrend=0·03), 1·05, 0·52 and 1·20 %, (Ptrend>0·05). Age-stratified analyses showed that the favourable associations tended to be more pronounced in the younger subjects aged less than the medians of 59·2 and 62·2 years in females and males (Pinteraction>0·10). In conclusion, the aMDS shows protective associations with SMM in Chinese adults, particularly in male and younger subjects.

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Dilution of oral D3 -Creatine to measure creatine pool size and estimate skeletal muscle mass: development of a correction algorithm

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle ◽

10.1002/jcsm.12278 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 540-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Mahalakshmi Shankaran ◽

Gregg Czerwieniec ◽

Chancy Fessler ◽

Po-yin Anne Wong ◽

Salena Killion ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Pool Size ◽

Correction Algorithm ◽

Mass Development

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Total-body skeletal muscle mass: estimation by a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/76.2.378 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 378-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 396

Author(s):

Jaehee Kim ◽

ZiMian Wang ◽

Steven B Heymsfield ◽

Richard N Baumgartner ◽

Dympna Gallagher

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Mass Estimation ◽

X Ray ◽

Total Body

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Reference Values for Skeletal Muscle Mass – Current Concepts and Methodological Considerations

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030755 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 755 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Carina O. Walowski ◽

Wiebke Braun ◽

Michael J. Maisch ◽

Björn Jensen ◽

Sven Peine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Reference Values ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Reference Population ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Whole Body ◽

Whole Body Imaging ◽

Cross Sectional

Assessment of a low skeletal muscle mass (SM) is important for diagnosis of ageing and disease-associated sarcopenia and is hindered by heterogeneous methods and terminologies that lead to differences in diagnostic criteria among studies and even among consensus definitions. The aim of this review was to analyze and summarize previously published cut-offs for SM applied in clinical and research settings and to facilitate comparison of results between studies. Multiple published reference values for discrepant parameters of SM were identified from 64 studies and the underlying methodological assumptions and limitations are compared including different concepts for normalization of SM for body size and fat mass (FM). Single computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging images and appendicular lean soft tissue by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are taken as a valid substitute of total SM because they show a high correlation with results from whole body imaging in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. However, the random error of these methods limits the applicability of these substitutes in the assessment of individual cases and together with the systematic error limits the accurate detection of changes in SM. Adverse effects of obesity on muscle quality and function may lead to an underestimation of sarcopenia in obesity and may justify normalization of SM for FM. In conclusion, results for SM can only be compared with reference values using the same method, BIA- or DXA-device and an appropriate reference population. Limitations of proxies for total SM as well as normalization of SM for FM are important content-related issues that need to be considered in longitudinal studies, populations with obesity or older subjects.

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Japanese radio calisthenics prevents the reduction of skeletal muscle mass volume in people with type 2 diabetes

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e001027 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomonori Kimura ◽

Takuro Okamura ◽

Keiko Iwai ◽

Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽

Takafumi Senmaru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

High Intensity ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Whole Body ◽

Therapeutic Exercises ◽

The Difference

ObjectiveReduction of muscle mass and strength is an important treatment target for patients with type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have reported that high-intensity resistance training improves physical function; however, all patients found it difficult to perform high-intensity resistance training. Radio calisthenics, considered as therapeutic exercises to promote health in Japan, are simple exercises that can be performed regardless of age and help move the muscles and joints of the whole body effectively according to the rhythm of radio. We investigated the efficacy of radio calisthenics for muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes in this retrospective cohort study.Research design and methodsA total of 42 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) was calculated as appendicular muscle mass (kg) divided by height squared (m2). We defined the change of SMI as the difference of SMI between the beginning and end of hospitalization.ResultsAmong 42 patients, 15 (11 men and 4 women) performed radio calisthenics. Body weights of both radio calisthenics exercisers and non-exercisers decreased during hospitalization. The change of SMI was significantly lesser in radio calisthenics exercisers than in non-exercisers (7.1±1.4 to 7.1±1.3, –0.01±0.09 vs 6.8±1.1 to 6.5±1.2, –0.27±0.06 kg/m2, p=0.016). The proportion of decreased SMI was 85.2% (23/27 patients) in non-radio calisthenics exercisers, whereas that in radio calisthenics exercisers was 46.7% (7/15 patients).ConclusionsRadio calisthenics prevent the reduction of skeletal muscle mass. Thus, radio calisthenics can be considered effective for patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Activin-type II receptor B (ACVR2B) and follistatin haplotype associations with muscle mass and strength in humans

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01322.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 102 (6) ◽

pp. 2142-2148 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Sean Walsh ◽

E. Jeffrey Metter ◽

Luigi Ferrucci ◽

Stephen M. Roth

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Interindividual Variation ◽

Whole Body ◽

Haplotype Structure ◽

Type Ii

Genetic variation in myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle, in cattle has shown remarkable influence on skeletal muscle, resulting in a double-muscled phenotype in certain breeds; however, DNA sequence variation within this gene in humans has not been consistently associated with skeletal muscle mass or strength. Follistatin and activin-type II receptor B ( ACVR2B) are two myostatin-related genes involved in the regulation and signaling of myostatin. We sought to identify associations between genetic variation and haplotype structure in both follistatin and ACVR2B with skeletal muscle-related phenotypes. Three hundred fifteen men and 278 women aged 19–90 yr from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were genotyped to determine respective haplotype groupings (Hap Groups) based on HapMap data. Whole body soft tissue composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Quadriceps peak torque (strength) was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Women carriers of ACVR2B Hap Group 1 exhibited significantly less quadriceps muscle strength (shortening phase) than women homozygous for Hap Group 2 (109.2 ± 1.9 vs. 118.6 ± 4.1 N·m, 30°/s, respectively, P = 0.036). No significant association was observed in men. Male carriers of follistatin Hap Group 3 exhibited significantly less total leg fat-free mass than noncarriers (16.6 ± 0.3 vs. 17.5 ± 0.2 kg, respectively, P = 0.012). No significant associations between these haplotype groups were observed in women. These results indicate that haplotype structure at the ACVR2B and follistatin loci may contribute to interindividual variation in skeletal muscle mass and strength, although these data indicate sex-specific relationships.

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