Effect of a high-egg diet on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes and Egg (DIABEGG) Study—randomized weight-loss and follow-up phase

Abstract Aims/hypothesis The reasons underlying a greater association of premature mortality with early-onset type 2 diabetes relative to late-onset disease are unclear. We evaluated the clinical characteristics at type 2 diabetes diagnosis and the broad trajectories in cardiometabolic risk factors over the initial years following diagnosis in relation to age at diagnosis. Methods Our cohort consisted of 100,606 individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Swedish National Diabetes Register from 2002 to 2012. The average follow-up time was 2.8 years. Analyses were performed using a linear mixed-effects model for continuous risk factors and a mixed generalised linear model with a logistic link function for dichotomous risk factors. Results The individuals diagnosed at the youngest age (18–44 years) were more often male and had the highest BMI (mean of 33.4 kg/m2) at diagnosis and during follow-up compared with all other groups (those diagnosed at 45–59 years, 60–74 years and ≥75 years; p < 0.05), being ~5 kg/m2 higher than the oldest group. Although HbA1c patterns were similar between all age groups, there was a difference of about 5 mmol/mol (0.45%) between the two groups at 8 years post-diagnosis (p < 0.05). Additionally, individuals diagnosed younger had ~0.7 mmol/l higher triacylglycerol, and ~0.2 mmol/l lower HDL-cholesterol levels at diagnosis relative to the oldest group. Such differences continued for several years post diagnosis. Yet, although more of these younger individuals were receiving oral glucose-lowering agents, other cardioprotective therapies were prescribed less often in this group. Differences in BMI, blood glucose and lipid levels remained with adjustment for potential confounders, including marital status, education and country of birth, and, where relevant, differential treatments by age, and in those with at least 5 years of follow-up. Conclusions/interpretation Individuals who develop type 2 diabetes at a younger age are more frequently obese, display a more adverse lipid profile, have higher HbA1c and a faster deterioration in glycaemic control compared with individuals who develop diabetes later in life. These differences largely remain for several years after diagnosis and support the notion that early-onset type 2 diabetes may be a more pathogenic condition than late-onset disease.

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Functional high-intensity exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes

Experimental Physiology ◽

10.1113/ep086844 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (7) ◽

pp. 985-994 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ciarán E. Fealy ◽

Stephan Nieuwoudt ◽

Julie A. Foucher ◽

Amanda R. Scelsi ◽

Steven K. Malin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Exercise Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

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80-OR: Treatment with Once-Weekly Semaglutide 2.4 mg Improves Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults with Overweight/Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: STEP 2 Post-hoc Analysis

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db21-80-or ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 80-OR

Author(s):

ROBERT F. KUSHNER ◽

MELANIE J. DAVIES ◽

JOHN DEANFIELD ◽

W. TIMOTHY GARVEY ◽

OLE JEPPESEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Post Hoc Analysis ◽

Post Hoc

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Baru Nut Intake and Resistance Training Practice Have Potential to Reduce the Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401317666210420122023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

John Sebastião Cardoso da Silva ◽

Maria Sebastiana Silva ◽

Maria Margareth Veloso Naves

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Cardiometabolic Health

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF). There is strong evidence about the benefits of oilseeds intake and the practice of resistance training (RT) in the prevention and treatment of T2DM and its associated CMRF. However, no study has evaluated the combination of these interventions yet. Baru nut, an oilseed native to the Brazilian Cerrado, stands out among oilseeds due to its healthy nutritional composition, which have the potential to reduce CMRF in T2DM. RT, in turn, provides positive changes in the composition and metabolism of muscle cells, which contributes to improving cardiometabolic health. Objective: This review aimed to summarize the effects and mechanisms related to the intake of baru nut and the practice of RT in reducing CMRF in T2DM. Method: Literature research was performed using the keywords "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "Dipteryx alata Vog", "nuts", "physical exercise" and "resistance training", isolated or associated, in Web of Science and Pubmed databases. Results: Baru nut is an oilseed with high density of nutrients and bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antihypercholesterolemic properties, and the RT is associated with beneficial effects on CMRF in T2DM individuals. Thus, the consumption of baru nut and the RT have potential to improve the insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, body composition, and serum lipid profile. Conclusion: The baru nut consumption and the RT have potential to reduce the cardiometabolic risk factors in T2DM. Both interventions are innovative and promising approaches to preserve the health of T2DM individuals.

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Interleukin-15 and irisin serum concentrations are not related to cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes from Korea and Germany

Acta Diabetologica ◽

10.1007/s00592-019-01417-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 381-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyung Mook Choi ◽

Soon Young Hwang ◽

Kyungdo Han ◽

Hye Soo Chung ◽

Nam Hoon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Interleukin 15

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Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000787 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000787 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rianneke de Ritter ◽

Simone J S Sep ◽

Carla J H van der Kallen ◽

Miranda T Schram ◽

Annemarie Koster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Pressure Difference ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure Difference

ObjectiveTo investigate whether adverse differences in levels of cardiovascular risk factors in women than men, already established when comparing individuals with and without diabetes, are also present before type 2 diabetes onset.Research design and methodsIn a population-based cohort study of individuals aged 40-75 years (n=3410; 49% women, 29% type 2 diabetes (oversampled by design)), we estimated associations with cardiometabolic and lifestyle risk factors of (1) pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (reference category: normal glucose metabolism) and (2) among non-diabetic individuals, of continuous levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Age-adjusted sex differences were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models with sex interaction terms.ResultsIn pre-diabetes, adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factors were greater in women than men for systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.02 mm Hg; 95% CI:−0.26 to 6.30), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (difference, −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.02), total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (difference, 0.22; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.44), triglycerides (ratio: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.22), and inflammation markers Z-score (ratio: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.41). In type 2 diabetes, these sex differences were similar in direction, and of greater magnitude. Additionally, HbA1c among non-diabetic individuals was more strongly associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors in women than men: per one per cent point increase, systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.58 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.03 to 7.19), diastolic blood pressure (difference, 2.10 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.02 to 4.23), HDL cholesterol (difference, −0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.19 to 0.00), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (difference, 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.47). With regard to lifestyle risk factors, no consistent pattern was observed.ConclusionOur results are consistent with the concept that the more adverse changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in women (than men) arise as a continuous process before the onset of type 2 diabetes.

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Cardiometabolic risk factors and their treatment in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1586/17446651.2.3.331 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 331-339

Author(s):

Sudhesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

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Dietary intake and cardiometabolic risk factors among Venezuelan adults: a nationally representative analysis

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-020-00362-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dina Goodman ◽

Juan P. González-Rivas ◽

Lindsay M. Jaacks ◽

Maritza Duran ◽

María Inés Marulanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Political Crisis ◽

Food Groups

Abstract Background Increasing trends in global obesity have been attributed to a nutrition transition where healthy foods are replaced by ultra-processed foods. It remains unknown if this nutrition transition has occurred in Venezuela, a country undergoing a socio-political crisis with widespread food shortages. Methods We described dietary intake of Venezuelans from a nationally representative study conducted between 2014 and 2017. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of dietary, sociodemographic, and clinical data from Venezuelans ≥20 years of age (n = 3420). Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Standardized clinical and anthropometric measurements estimated obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. A Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was calculated using an amended Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women score where the range was 0 to 8 food groups, with 8 being the most diverse. Analyses accounted for complex survey design by estimating weighted frequencies of dietary intake and DDS across sociodemographic and cardiometabolic risk-based subgroups. Results The prevalence of obesity was 24.6% (95% CI: 21.6–27.7), type 2 diabetes was 13.3% (11.2–15.7), and hypertension was 30.8% (27.7–34.0). Western foods were consumed infrequently. Most frequently consumed foods included coffee, arepas (a salted corn flour cake), and cheese. Mean DDS was 2.3 food groups (Range: 0–8, Standard Error: 0.07) and this score did not vary among subgroups. Men, younger individuals, and those with higher socioeconomic status were more likely to consume red meat and soft drinks once or more weekly. Women and those with higher socioeconomic status were more likely to consume vegetables and cheese once or more daily. Participants with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension had lower daily intake of red meat and arepas compared to participants without these risk factors. Conclusions Despite high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, adults in Venezuela have not gone through a nutrition transition similar to that observed elsewhere in Latin America. Dietary diversity is low and widely consumed food groups that are considered unhealthy are part of the traditional diet. Future studies are needed in Venezuela using more comprehensive measurements of dietary intake to understand the effect of the socio-political crisis on dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors.

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