scholarly journals The use of whole body calorimetry to compare measured versus predicted energy expenditure in postpartum women

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia C R Pereira ◽  
Sarah A Purcell ◽  
Sarah A Elliott ◽  
Linda J McCargar ◽  
Rhonda C Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Management Recommendations

ABSTRACT Background Accurate assessment of energy expenditure may support weight-management recommendations. Measuring energy expenditure for each postpartum woman is unfeasible; therefore, accurate predictive equations are needed. Objectives This study compared measured with predicted resting energy expenditure (REE) and total energy expenditure (TEE) in postpartum women. Methods This was a longitudinal observational study. REE was measured at 3 mo postpartum (n = 52) and 9 mo postpartum (n = 49), whereas TEE was measured once at 9 mo postpartum (n = 43) by whole body calorimetry (WBC). Measured REE (REEWBC) was compared with 17 predictive equations; measured TEE plus breast milk energy output (ERWBC) was compared with the estimated energy requirements/Dietary Reference Intakes equation (EERDRI). Fat and fat-free mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Group-level agreement was assessed by the Pearson correlation, paired t test, and Bland-Altman (bias) analyses. Individual-level accuracy was assessed with the use of Bland-Altman limits of agreement, and by the percentage of women with predicted energy expenditure within 10% of measured values (“accuracy”). Results The cohort was primarily Caucasian (90%). At a group level, the best equation predicting REEWBC was the DRI at 3 mo postpartum (–7 kcal, –0.1%; absolute and percentage bias, respectively), and the Harris-Benedict at 9 mo postpartum (–17 kcal, –0.5%). At an individual level, the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU) height and weight equation was the most accurate at 3 mo postpartum (100% accuracy) and 9 mo postpartum (98% accuracy), with the smallest limits of agreement. Equations including body composition variables were not more accurate. Compared with ERWBC, EERDRI bias was –36 kcal, with inaccurate predictions in 33% of women. Conclusions Many REE predictive equations were accurate for group assessment, with the FAO/WHO/UNU height and weight equation having the highest accuracy for individuals. EERDRI performed well at a group level, but inaccurately for 33% of women. A greater understanding of the physiology driving energy expenditure in the postpartum period is needed to better predict TEE and ultimately guide effective weight-management recommendations.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of 24 h energy expenditure measurements using a human whole body indirect calorimeter

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna O. De Boer ◽  
Aren J. H. Van Es ◽  
Joop E. Vogt ◽  
Joop M. A. Van Raaij ◽  
Joseph G. A. J. Hautvast
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Significant Difference

1. Ten female subjects completed two similar experimental procedures (periods 1 and 2) to obtain values of reproducibility of energy intake and 24 h energy expenditure (24hEE) measurements in a whole body indirect calorimeter. The periods consisted of consumption of a provided weight-maintenance diet for 6–8 d, faeces and urine collection during the last 4 d and occupation of the calorimeter during the last 3 d. The daily routine inside the calorimeter simulated a sedentary day in normal life with some physical activity: 8 h sleep, 75 min bicycling and the remaining time spent on sedentary activities. The metabolizable energy (ME) content of the diet (14% energy as protein, 46% energy as carbohydrate, 40% energy as fat) was calculated using food tables. The actual ME intake as well as digestibility and metabolizability of the diet were obtained later by analyses of food, faeces and urine for energy. Three consecutive 24hEE measurements were performed during the stay in the calorimeter in each period. The time interval between the two periods varied from 2 to 24 months. Reproducibility was assessed at group and individual level.2. Mean digestibility and metabolizability of the diet showed no significant difference between periods. The within-subject coefficient of variation of metabolizability between periods was 1.7%.3. Mean 24hEE (MJ) over 3 d did not differ between period 1 (8.78 (SD 0.63)) and period 2 (8.73 (SD 0.66)). The within-subject coefficient of variation in mean 24hEE over three successive days between periods was 3.1% but decreased, after deletion of values for subjects who were less adapted to the calorimeter, to 1.9%.4. The results are discussed with regard to length of trial and the number of subjects required to test a difference in energy metabolism using whole body indirect calorimeters.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure and substrate utilization during whole body vibration

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravena Santos Raulino ◽  
Fernanda Meira de Aguiar ◽  
Núbia Carelli Pereira de Avelar ◽  
Isabela Gomes Costa ◽  
Jacqueline da Silva Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to investigate whether the addition of vibration during interval training would raise oxygen consumption VO2 to the extent necessary for weight management and to evaluate the influence of the intensity of the vibratory stimulus for prescribing the exercise program in question.METHODS: VO2, measured breath by breath, was evaluated at rest and during the four experimental conditions to determine energy expenditure, metabolic equivalent MET, respiratory exchange ratio RER, % Kcal from fat, and rate of fat oxidation. Eight young sedentary females age 22±1 years, height 163.88± 7.62 cm, body mass 58.35±10.96 kg, and VO2 max 32.75±3.55 mLO2.Kg-1.min-1 performed interval training duration = 13.3 min to the upper and lower limbs both with vibration 35 Hz and 2 mm, 40 Hz and 2 mm, 45 Hz and 2 mm and without vibration. The experimental conditions were randomized and balanced at an interval of 48 hours.RESULTS: the addition of vibration to exercise at 45 Hz and 2 mm resulted in an additional increase of 17.77±12.38% of VO2 compared with exercise without vibration. However, this increase did not change the fat oxidation rate p=0.42 because intensity of exercise 29.1±3.3 %VO2max, 2.7 MET was classified as mild to young subjects.CONCLUSION: despite the influence of vibration on VO2 during exercise, the increase was insufficient to reduce body weight and did not reach the minimum recommendation of exercise prescription for weight management for the studied population.

scholarly journals Validation of the Danish 7-day pre-coded food diary among adults: energy intake v. energy expenditure and recording length

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1838-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Biltoft-Jensen ◽  
Jeppe Matthiessen ◽  
Lone B. Rasmussen ◽  
Sisse Fagt ◽  
Margit V. Groth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Food Items ◽  
In The Beginning

Under-reporting of energy intake (EI) is a well-known problem when measuring dietary intake in free-living populations. The present study aimed at quantifying misreporting by comparing EI estimated from the Danish pre-coded food diary against energy expenditure (EE) measured with a validated position-and-motion instrument (ActiReg®). Further, the influence of recording length on EI:BMR, percentage consumers, the number of meal occasions and recorded food items per meal was examined. A total of 138 Danish volunteers aged 20–59 years wore the ActiReg® and recorded their food intake for 7 consecutive days. Data for 2504 participants from the National Dietary Survey 2000–2 were used for comparison of characteristics and recording length. The results showed that EI was underestimated by 12 % on average compared with EE measured by ActiReg® (PreMed AS, Oslo, Norway). The 95 % limits of agreement for EI and EE were − 6·29 and 3·09 MJ/d. Of the participants, 73 % were classified as acceptable reporters, 26 % as under-reporters and 1 % as over-reporters. EI:BMR was significantly lower on 1–3 consecutive recording days compared with 4–7 recording days (P < 0·03). Percentage consumers of selected food items increased with number of recording days. When recording length was 7 d, the number of reported food items per meal differed between acceptable reporters and under-reporters. EI:BMR was the same on 4 and 7 consecutive recording days. This was, however, a result of under-reporting in the beginning and the end of the 7 d reporting. Together, the results indicate that EI was underestimated at group level and that a 7 d recording is preferable to a 4 d recording period.

scholarly journals Resting energy expenditure measured longitudinally following hip fracture compared to predictive equations: is an injury adjustment required?

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle D. Miller ◽  
Lynne A. Daniels ◽  
Elaine Bannerman ◽  
Maria Crotty
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Resting Energy

The present study measuring resting energy expenditure (REE; kJ/d) longitudinally using indirect calorimetry in six elderly women aged ≥70 years following surgery for hip fracture, describes changes over time (days 10, 42 and 84 post-injury) and compares measured values to those calculated from routinely applied predictive equations. REE was compared to REE predicted using the Harris Benedict and Schofield equations, with and without accounting for the theoretical increase in energy expenditure of 35 % secondary to physiological stress of injury and surgery. Mean (95 % CI) measured REE (kJ/d) was 4704 (4354, 5054), 4090 (3719, 4461) and 4145 (3908, 4382) for days 10, 42 and 84, respectively. A time effect was observed for measured REE,P=0·003. Without adjusting for stress the mean difference and 95 % limits of agreement for measured and predicted REE (kJ/kg per d) for the Harris Benedict equation were 1 (−9, 12), 10 (2, 18) and 9 (1, 17) for days 10, 42 and 84, respectively. The mean difference and 95 % limits of agreement for measured and predicted REE (kJ/kg per d) for the Schofield equation without adjusting for stress were 8 (−3, 19), 16 (6, 26) and 16 (10, 22) for days 10, 42 and 84, respectively. After adjusting for stress, REE predicted from the Harris Benedict or Schofield equations overestimated measured REE by between 38 and 69 %. Energy expenditure following fracture is poorly understood. Our data suggest REE was relatively elevated early in recovery but declined during the first 6 weeks. Using the Harris Benedict or Schofield equations adjusted for stress may lead to overestimation of REE in the clinical setting. Further work is required to evaluate total energy expenditure before recommendations can be made to alter current practice for calculating theoretical total energy requirements of hip fracture patients.

scholarly journals Validity of Two Questionnaires and Two Prediction Equations for Estimating Total Energy Expenditure in Healthy Adults: A Doubly Labeled Water Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1175-1175
Author(s):  
Megan McCrory ◽  
Hannah Bernard ◽  
Owen Maroney ◽  
Rashmi Sharma ◽  
Susan Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Bod Pod

Abstract Objectives The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is the gold standard for assessing total energy expenditure (TEE), but is costly. Questionnaires and prediction equations for TEE are nearly cost-free but research on their validity is scarce. We evaluated the validity of TEE assessed by two questionnaires and two prediction equations in comparison with TEE assessed by DLW. Based on previous work, we hypothesized that the questionnaires would be valid at a group level, and that the prediction equations would be valid at an individual level. Methods Data from a 10-d observational study in 124 healthy, nonsmoking adults were used (63% F, aged 29.8 ± 12.2 y, BMI 24.5 ± 3.9 kg/m2 (Mean ± SD)). TEE was measured by DLW using a mixed oral 2H218O dose containing 0.15 g 2H218O and 0.07 g of 2H2O per kg body weight. Analysis of urine samples and calculations of TEE were carried out using standard methodology. TEE was estimated from the 7-day Physical Activity Recall (7dPAR; Sallis et al. 1985), the Block Work and Home Survey (BWHS; Block et al. 2009), Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) equations for estimated energy requirements of adults with normal weight or overweight/obesity (IOM 2005), and the BOD POD air displacement plethysmograph. 7dPAR TEE was estimated by multiplying MET-min/day with resting metabolic rate estimated from DRI basal energy expenditure equations. The BOD POD measured body composition by densitometry and TEE was estimated from fat-free mass and fat mass (Nelson et al. 1992) and an activity factor (WHO 1985). Results TEE values were 2430 ± 535 (DLW), 2375 ± 445 (7dPAR), 2407 ± 750 (BWHS), 2335 ± 388 (DRI), 2134 ± 439 (BOD POD) kcal/d (Mean ± SD), with DRI and BOD POD significantly lower than DLW (P &lt;0.01). Mean ± 2SD limits of agreement (kcal/d) between DLW and 7dPAR (−766, 877) and BWHS (−1420, 1468) were wider than those between DLW and DRI (−630, 822) and BOD POD (−463, 1057). The R2 and SEE of the method associations with DLW ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 and 264 to 688 kcal/d, respectively (all P = 0.000). Conclusions The 7dPAR and BWHS were valid for estimating TEE at a group level. While the DRI and BOD POD equations were more accurate at estimating TEE of individuals, none of the tools are recommended for individual assessment of TEE due to their low R2 and wide Bland-Altman limits of agreement with DLW. Funding Sources NIH R01 DK075862 and Purdue University.

scholarly journals Assessment of energy and macronutrient intake in young men: a comparison of 4-day food record and 24-hour dietary recall

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Coelho Liberato ◽  
Josefina Bressan ◽  
Andrew Peter Hills
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the quantitative agreement between a 4-day food record and a 24-hour dietary recall in young men. METHODS: Thirty-four healthy men aged 18-25 years had their food intake estimated by 4-day food record within one week following 24-hour dietary recall in a cross-sectional study. Resting metabolic rate was assessed by indirect calorimetry and Energy Expenditure was estimated by physical activity records completed simultaneously with food intake records. The validity of food records was determined by direct comparison of Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure (95% confidence interval for Energy Intake/Energy Expenditure). RESULTS: There were good agreements between the measurements of energy and macronutrient intakes by 24-hour dietary recall and 4-day food record at the group level, but not at the individual level. Compared to energy expenditure, about 20% and 9% of participants underreported their Energy Intake by 4-day food record and 24-hour dietary recall, respectively. Over 30% of underreporters of Energy Intake estimated by 24-hour dietary recall underreported Energy Intake estimated by 4-day food record. CONCLUSION: Both diet methods, 24-hour dietary recall and 4-day food record, may be used to collect data at the group level, but not at the individual level. Both methods, however, appear to underestimate Energy Intake. Underreporting may be subject-specific and appears that is more difficult to retrieve valid dietary data from some people than others.

scholarly journals Validity of predictive equations to estimate RMR in females with varying BMI

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Thom ◽  
Konstantinos Gerasimidis ◽  
Eleni Rizou ◽  
Hani Alfheeaid ◽  
Nick Barwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Estimation Bias ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Estimation of RMR using prediction equations is the basis for calculating energy requirements. In the present study, RMR was predicted by Harris–Benedict, Schofield, Henry, Mifflin–St Jeor and Owen equations and measured by indirect calorimetry in 125 healthy adult women of varying BMI (17–44 kg/m2). Agreement between methods was assessed by Bland–Altman analyses and each equation was assessed for accuracy by calculating the percentage of individuals predicted within ± 10 % of measured RMR. Slopes and intercepts of bias as a function of average RMR (mean of predicted and measured RMR) were calculated by regression analyses. Predictors of equation bias were investigated using univariate and multivariate linear regression. At group level, bias (the difference between predicted and measured RMR) was not different from zero only for Mifflin–St Jeor (0 (sd 153) kcal/d (0 (sd 640) kJ/d)) and Henry (8 (sd 163) kcal/d (33 (sd 682) kJ/d)) equations. Mifflin–St Jeor and Henry equations were most accurate at the individual level and predicted RMR within 10 % of measured RMR in 71 and 66 % of participants, respectively. For all equations, limits of agreement were wide, slopes of bias were negative, and intercepts of bias were positive and significantly (P < 0⋅05) different from zero. Increasing age, height and BMI were associated with underestimation of RMR, but collectively these variables explained only 15 % of the variance in estimation bias. Overall accuracy of equations for prediction of RMR is low at the individual level, particularly in women with low and high RMR. The Mifflin–St Jeor equation was the most accurate for this dataset, but prediction errors were still observed in about one-third of participants.

scholarly journals Predictive equations for estimating resting energy expenditure in women with overweight and obesity at three postpartum stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri Halland Nesse ◽  
Inger Ottestad ◽  
Anna Winkvist ◽  
Fredrik Bertz ◽  
Lars Ellegård ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity ◽  
Resting Energy

Abstract The objective was to investigate which predictive equations provide the best estimates of resting energy expenditure (REE) in postpartum women with overweight and obesity. Lactating women with overweight or obesity underwent REE measurement by indirect calorimetry, and fat-free mass (FFM) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at three postpartum stages. Predictive equations based on body weight and FFM were obtained from the literature. Performance of the predictive equations were analysed as the percentage of women whose REE was accurately predicted, defined as a predicted REE within ±10 % of measured REE. REE data were available for women at 10 weeks (n 71), 24 weeks (n 64) and 15 months (n 57) postpartum. Thirty-six predictive equations (twenty-five weight-based and eleven FFM-based) were validated. REE was accurately predicted in ≥80 % of women at all postpartum visits by six predictive equations (two weight-based and four FFM-based). The weight-based equation with the highest performance was that of Henry (weight, height, age 30–60 years) (HenryWH30−60), with an overall mean of 83 % accurate predictions. The HenryWH30−60 equation was highly suitable for predicting REE at all postpartum visits (irrespective of the women's actual age), and the performance was sustained across changes in weight and lactation status. No FFM-based equation was remarkably superior to HenryWH30−60 for the total postpartum period.

scholarly journals Are Raw BIA Variables Useful for Predicting Resting Energy Expenditure in Adults with Obesity?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Marra ◽  
Iolanda Cioffi ◽  
Rosa Sammarco ◽  
Lidia Santarpia ◽  
Franco Contaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Group Equation ◽  
Bioimpedance Analysis ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Resting Energy

This study aimed to develop and validate new predictive equations for resting energy expenditure (REE) in a large sample of subjects with obesity also considering raw variables from bioimpedance-analysis (BIA). A total of 2225 consecutive obese outpatients were recruited and randomly assigned to calibration (n = 1680) and validation (n = 545) groups. Subjects were also split into three subgroups according to their body mass index (BMI). The new predictive equations were generated using two models: Model 1 with age, weight, height, and BMI as predictors, and Model 2 in which raw BIA variables (bioimpedance-index and phase angle) were added. Our results showed that REE was directly correlated with all anthropometric and raw-BIA variables, while the correlation with age was inverse. All the new predictive equations were effective in estimating REE in both sexes and in the different BMI subgroups. Accuracy at the individual level was high for specific group-equation especially in subjects with BMI > 50 kg/m2. Therefore, new equations based on raw-BIA variables were as accurate as those based on anthropometry. Equations developed for BMI categories did not substantially improve REE prediction, except for subjects with a BMI > 50 kg/m2. Further studies are required to verify the application of those formulas and the role of raw-BIA variables for predicting REE.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document