scholarly journals Dietary quality among children from 6 months to 4 years, NHANES 2011–2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather C Hamner ◽  
Latetia V Moore
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Us ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Modified Diet

ABSTRACT Background The US Dietary Guidelines for Americans provide dietary recommendations for individuals aged ≥2 y and metrics exist to assess alignment. Nonfederal feeding recommendations exist for children <2 y, but limited metrics and assessment of dietary quality are available. Objective We aimed to assess dietary quality of children aged 6 mo–4 y using a modified Diet Quality Index Score (DQIS). Methods NHANES 2011–2016 dietary data were used to estimate the dietary quality of children 6 mo–4 y old using a modified DQIS. Differences in mean modified DQIS by demographics were assessed using linear regression. Results Mean modified DQIS ± SE was 22.4 ± 0.23 out of 45 possible points (50%) for children 6 mo–4 y of age on a given day. Modified DQIS scores on a given day decreased with age (27.7 ± 0.27 for 6- to 11-mo-olds, 23.9 ± 0.31 for 1-y-olds, 21.4 ± 0.26 for 2- to 3-y-olds, and 20.6 ± 0.49 for 4-y-olds; P < 0.0001 for trend). Children 6–11 mo old had 16% higher overall modified DQIS scores than 1-y-olds (P < 0.0001) and higher modified DQIS subcomponent scores for refined grains and protein, indicating higher age-appropriate intakes (P < 0.05). Similarly, children 6–11 mo old also had higher modified DQIS subcomponent scores, indicating no or limited intake, for 100% fruit juice, sugar-sweetened beverages, other added sugars, and salty snacks (P < 0.02). Conclusions Dietary quality declines with age and may begin as early as 1 y. The modified DQIS tool could help assess the dietary quality of young children. This may be important when identifying programmatic and policy efforts aimed at establishing and maintaining healthy dietary patterns beginning at an early age.

Review of the scientific evidence used for establishing US policies on added sugars

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 646-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula R Trumbo
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee has set recommendations to limit added sugars. This action was based on the association between dietary pattern quality scores and chronic disease risk, the results of meta-analyses conducted for the World Health Organization, and data from modeling of dietary patterns for establishing the US Department of Agriculture’s Healthy US-Style Eating Patterns. Recommendations provided by the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans were used by the US Food and Drug Administration to establish, for the first time, the mandatory declaration of added sugars and a Daily Value of added sugars for the Nutrition Facts label. This review provides an overview of the scientific evidence considered by the World Health Organization, the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and the US Food and Drug Administration for setting recent polices and regulations on added sugars and highlights important issues and inconsistencies in the evaluations and interpretations of the evidence.

scholarly journals Foods Consumed by US Adults From Cafeterias and Vending Machines: NHANES 2005 to 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-674
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Onufrak ◽  
Hatidza Zaganjor ◽  
Latetia V. Moore ◽  
Heather C. Hamner ◽  
Joel E. Kimmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Purpose: As part of wellness efforts, employers may seek to improve the nutritional quality of foods offered and consumed in cafeterias and vending machines. However, little is known about who consumes food from these venues and the types and dietary quality of the foods consumed. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Nonschool cafeterias and vending machines. Participants: US adults ≥20 years old. Measures: Prevalence of consuming foods, most common foods eaten, leading calorie sources, 2010 Healthy Eating Index Analysis: Using 24-hour dietary recall data from NHANES 2005-2014 (N = 25,549 adults), we estimated the prevalence of consuming foods, assessed the most commonly consumed foods, and calculated dietary quality of foods. Results: On a given day, 3.1% of adults consumed foods from cafeterias and 3.9% from vending machines. Consumers averaged 692 kcal from cafeterias and 264 kcal from vending machines. Cafeteria consumers had higher income and education, while vending consumers were more likely to be male and younger adults. Common cafeteria foods included vegetables and fruits, but cafeteria foods were generally high in sodium and low in whole grains. Sugar-sweetened beverages and candies accounted for approximately half of all vending calories. Conclusion: Foods chosen from cafeterias and vending machines do not align well with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Improving the dietary quality of foods consumed from these venues could impact millions of adults.

scholarly journals Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with lower quality of the non-SSB diet in US adolescents and young adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex M Doherty ◽  
Allison M Lacko ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
The Us

ABSTRACT Background Since 2003–4, the United States has seen large declines in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake overall, especially among non-Hispanic white (NHW) subpopulations. However, obesity prevalence has not shown comparable declines in the 2 highest SSB-consuming groups, adolescents and young adults. Little is understood about the quality of the diet excluding SSBs (non-SSB diet). Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in non-SSB diet quality in SSB consumers and nonconsumers in adolescents and young adults and in the 3 major race/ethnic subgroups. Methods This study utilized data from the NHANES, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the US population. Data from 6426 participants aged 12–29 y from the NHANES (2009–2014) was included. Quality of the non-SSB diet was measured using the 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Multivariate linear regressions controlled for sociodemographic characteristics and included interactions by race/ethnicity [NHWs, non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs), Hispanics]. Individuals were classified as non-, low- (&lt;10% of daily calories), or high-SSB consumers (≥10% of daily calories), according to the US Dietary Guidelines added sugar intake recommendation. Results Non-SSB HEI scores differed among SSB consumer groups (53 for adolescent nonconsumers compared with 46 for high consumers, P &lt; 0.001; 57 for young adult nonconsumers compared with 45 for high consumers, P &lt; 0.001), although all scores were low and require improvement. Among NHBs, significant differences in non-SSB HEI were found only between non- and low-SSB consumers. In Hispanics, associations varied by age group, with significant differences found for young adults but no association found for adolescents. Conclusions Low non-SSB HEI scores in SSB consumers suggest that reducing SSB consumption alone will not be a sufficient strategy for improving dietary quality in adolescents and young adults. Future policies must also consider improving the non-SSB diet.

scholarly journals Toward an Evidence-Based Definition and Classification of Carbohydrate Food Quality: An Expert Panel Report

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2667
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Comerford ◽  
Yanni Papanikolaou ◽  
Julie Miller Jones ◽  
Judith Rodriguez ◽  
Joanne Slavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Carbohydrate Quality ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

Carbohydrate-containing crops provide the bulk of dietary energy worldwide. In addition to their various carbohydrate forms (sugars, starches, fibers) and ratios, these foods may also contain varying amounts and combinations of proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, prebiotics, and anti-nutritional factors that may impact diet quality and health. Currently, there is no standardized or unified way to assess the quality of carbohydrate foods for the overall purpose of improving diet quality and health outcomes, creating an urgent need for the development of metrics and tools to better define and classify high-quality carbohydrate foods. The present report is based on a series of expert panel meetings and a scoping review of the literature focused on carbohydrate quality indicators and metrics produced over the last 10 years. The report outlines various approaches to assessing food quality, and proposes next steps and principles for developing improved metrics for assessing carbohydrate food quality. The expert panel concluded that a composite metric based on nutrient profiling methods featuring inputs such as carbohydrate–fiber–sugar ratios, micronutrients, and/or food group classification could provide useful and informative measures for guiding researchers, policymakers, industry, and consumers towards a better understanding of carbohydrate food quality and overall healthier diets. The identification of higher quality carbohydrate foods could improve evidence-based public health policies and programming—such as the 2025–2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

scholarly journals Availability of free fruits and vegetables at canteen lunch improves lunch and daily nutritional profiles: a randomised controlled trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 1030-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl K. Lachat ◽  
Roosmarijn Verstraeten ◽  
Bruno De Meulenaer ◽  
Joris Menten ◽  
Lieven F. Huybregts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Canteens are known to be promising settings for activities to promote intake of fruits and vegetables, but it remains unclear to what extent distributing free fruits and vegetables can influence dietary patterns of customers. The present study evaluated the effect of providing fruits and vegetables for free in a university canteen on the daily diet of university canteen customers. Canteen customers (n 209) were randomly allocated to a fruit and vegetable group (FVG) and a control group (CG). FVG participants were given two portions of fruits and one portion of vegetables for free at lunchtime. Food and beverage intake was measured using a dietary record for 3 d and dietary quality was appraised using a comprehensive scoring system. The FVG participants ate 80 g more fruits (P < 0·01) and 108 g more vegetables (P < 0·001) on a daily basis compared with the CG participants. No differences were found for energy density, total energy, Na and energy from fat between the groups per day. A higher intake of fruits and vegetables was observed at lunch and of vegetables during the dinner and evening snacks. The FVG participants were more likely to comply with dietary recommendations for fruits and vegetables and had a better dietary profile on the study days and for the lunch consumed on those days. The results of the present study demonstrate how modifications of a canteen lunch can be instrumental to enhance the nutritional quality of lunch as well as the overall quality of the diet of the customers.

scholarly journals The Impact of Adding Sugars to Milk and Fruit on Adiposity and Diet Quality in Children: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis of the Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants (IDEFICS) Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Dello Russo ◽  
Wolfgang Ahrens ◽  
Stefaan De Henauw ◽  
Gabriele Eiben ◽  
Antje Hebestreit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Idefics Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age And Sex

Sugar, particularly as free sugars or sugar-sweetened beverages, significantly contributes to total energy intake, and, possibly, to increased body weight. Excessive consumption may be considered as a proxy of poor diet quality. However, no previous studies evaluated the association between the habit of adding sugars to “healthy” foods, such as plain milk and fresh fruit, and indicators of adiposity and/or dietary quality in children. To answer to these research questions, we Panalysed the European cohort of children participating in the IDEFICS study. Anthropometric variables, frequency of consumption of sugars added to milk and fruit (SAMF), and scores of adherence to healthy dietary pattern (HDAS) were assessed at baseline in 9829 children stratified according to age and sex. From this cohort, 6929 children were investigated again after two years follow-up. At baseline, a direct association between SAMF categories and adiposity indexes was observed only in children aged 6–<10 years, while the lower frequency of SAMF consumption was significantly associated with a higher HDAS. At the two year follow-up, children with higher baseline SAMF consumption showed significantly higher increases in all the anthropometric variables measured, with the exception of girls 6–<10 years old. The inverse association between SAMF categories and HDAS was still present at the two years follow-up in all age and sex groups. Our results suggest that the habit to adding sugars to foods that are commonly perceived as healthy may impact the adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and increase in adiposity risk as well.

scholarly journals Replacing the nutrients in dairy foods with non-dairy foods will increase cost, energy intake and require large amounts of food: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christopher J Cifelli ◽  
Nancy Auestad ◽  
Victor L Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective: The US Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends increased consumption of the dairy group to three daily servings for ages 9+ years to help achieve adequate intakes of prominent shortfall nutrients. Identifying affordable, consumer-acceptable foods to replace dairy’s shortfall nutrients is important especially for people who avoid dairy. Design: Linear programming identified food combinations to replace dairy’s protein and shortfall nutrients. We examined cost, energy and dietary implications of replacing dairy with food combinations optimised for lowest cost, fewest kJ or the smallest amount of food by weight. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2014). Participants: Nationally representative sample of US population; 2 years and older (n 15 830). Results: Phase 1 (only dairy foods excluded): when optimised for lowest cost or fewest kJ, all non-dairy food replacements required large amounts (2·5–10 cups) of bottled/tap water. Phase 2 (dairy and unreasonable non-dairy foods excluded (e.g. baby foods; tap/bottled water): when intake of non-dairy foods was constrained to <90th percentile of current intake, the lowest cost food combination replacements for dairy cost 0·5 times more and provide 5·7 times more energy; the lowest energy food combinations cost 5·9 times more, provide 2·5 times more energy and require twice the amount of food by weight; and food combinations providing the smallest amount of food by weight cost 3·5 times more and provide five times more energy than dairy. Conclusions: Identifying affordable, consumer-acceptable foods that can replace dairy’s shortfall nutrients at both current and recommended dairy intakes remains a challenge.

scholarly journals Food and beverage purchases in corner stores, gas-marts, pharmacies and dollar stores

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 2587-2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin E Caspi ◽  
Kathleen Lenk ◽  
Jennifer E Pelletier ◽  
Timothy L Barnes ◽  
Lisa Harnack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Corner Stores ◽  
Food And Beverage

Abstract Objective Little is known about customer purchases of foods and beverages from small and non-traditional food retailers (i.e. corner stores, gas-marts, dollar stores and pharmacies). The present study aimed to: (i) describe customer characteristics, shopping frequency and reasons for shopping at small and non-traditional food retailers; and (ii) describe food/beverage purchases and their nutritional quality, including differences across store type. Design Data were collected through customer intercept interviews. Nutritional quality of food/beverage purchases was analysed; a Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score for purchases was created by aggregating participant purchases at each store. Setting Small and non-traditional food stores that were not WIC-authorized in Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN, USA. Subjects Customers (n 661) from 105 food retailers. Results Among participants, 29 % shopped at the store at least once daily; an additional 44 % shopped there at least once weekly. Most participants (74 %) cited convenient location as the primary draw to the store. Customers purchased a median of 2262 kJ (540 kcal), which varied by store type (P=0·04). The amount of added sugar far surpassed national dietary recommendations. At dollar stores, participants purchased a median of 5302 kJ (1266 kcal) for a median value of $US 2·89. Sugar-sweetened beverages were the most common purchase. The mean HEI-2010 score across all stores was 36·4. Conclusions Small and non-traditional food stores contribute to the urban food environment. Given the poor nutritional quality of purchases, findings support the need for interventions that address customer decision making in these stores.

scholarly journals Exclusion of Dietary Cholesterol from The Specific Food Restrictions: A Review in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mirza Rizqi Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Specific Restriction ◽  
Specific Food

Hypercholesterolemia, the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood, is one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). One of the key recommendation in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, is to consume less than 300 mg of dietary cholesterol per day. The same amount is also adopted in Indonesia (BPOM, 2016) until today. However, in the latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, dietary cholesterol is no longer included in the list of specific foods that should be limited. The added sugars, sodium, saturated fats and trans fats remain on the list of food components that should be reduced. Generally, foods that are higher in dietary cholesterol are also higher in saturated fats. But there are also some foods that are higher in cholesterol but not in saturated fats. According to the latest recommendation, this kind of foods can be consumed without any specific restriction. In this review, some of clinical studies related to the association between dietary cholesterol and blood cholesterol levels are selected. The findings from those studies will be summarized to consider whether the same recommendation should be implemented in other countries, especially in Indonesia.

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