scholarly journals Global seasonal influenza mortality estimates: a comparison of three different approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Cozza ◽  
Harry Campbell ◽  
Howard H Chang ◽  
A Danielle Iuliano ◽  
John Paget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Mortality Estimates

Abstract Prior to updating global influenza-associated mortality estimates, the World Health Organization convened a consultation in July 2017 to understand differences in methodology and implications on results of three influenza mortality projects from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Netherlands Institute for Health Service Research (GLaMOR), and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). The expert panel reviewed estimates and discussed differences in data sources, analysis, and modeling assumptions. We performed a comparison analysis of the estimates. Influenza-associated respiratory death counts were comparable between CDC and GLaMOR; IHME estimate was considerably lower. The greatest country-specific influenza-associated mortality rate fold differences between CDC/IHME and between GLaMOR/IHME estimates were among countries in South-East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean region. The data envelope used for the calculation was one of the major differences (CDC and GLaMOR: all respiratory deaths; IHME: low respiratory infection deaths). With the assumption that there is only one cause of death for each death, IHME estimates a fraction of the full influenza-associated respiratory mortality that is measured by the other two groups. Wide variability of parameters was observed. Continued coordination between groups could assist with better understanding of methodological differences and new approaches to estimating influenza deaths globally.

Pediatric Infectious Diarrhea and Dehydration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Martel ◽  
Scott McCorvey
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Health Organization

Diarrhea is a common emergency department (ED) complaint, leading to more than 1.5 million outpatient visits and 200,000 hospital admissions in the United States alone. Although concomitant dehydration also exists in some cases, there are no standard clinical criteria to aid in identifying those children who merit intravenous resuscitation. Current pediatric volume repletion guidelines are based primarily on the estimated degree of volume depletion per the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and American Academy of Pediatrics criteria. These practice guidelines stratify patients into mild (3 to 5% volume depletion), moderate (5 to 10% volume depletion), and severe (> 10% volume depletion).  This review contains 5 figures, 9 tables, and 64 references. Key Words: Clostridium difficile, dehydration, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, pediatrics

scholarly journals Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateo Cortes Rivera ◽  
Claudio Mastronardi ◽  
Claudia Silva-Aldana ◽  
Mauricio Arcos-Burgos ◽  
Brett Lidbury
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating chronic disease of unknown aetiology that is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC) as a disorder of the brain. The disease predominantly affects adults, with a peak age of onset of between 20 and 45 years with a female to male ratio of 3:1. Although the clinical features of the disease have been well established within diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis of ME/CFS is still of exclusion, meaning that other medical conditions must be ruled out. The pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear but the neuro-immuno-endocrinological pattern of CFS patients gleaned from various studies indicates that these three pillars may be the key point to understand the complexity of the disease. At the moment, there are no specific pharmacological therapies to treat the disease, but several studies’ aims and therapeutic approaches have been described in order to benefit patients’ prognosis, symptomatology relief, and the recovery of pre-existing function. This review presents a pathophysiological approach to understanding the essential concepts of ME/CFS, with an emphasis on the population, clinical, and genetic concepts associated with ME/CFS.

Critical care research in the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region over two decades: where do we stand?

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1588-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lama H. Nazer ◽  
Mohamad Elaibaid ◽  
Nada Al-Qadheeb ◽  
Ruth Kleinpell ◽  
Keith M. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Keeping the flu at bay: Methods for detecting and containing infectious disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Atresha Karra, JD ◽  
Emily Cornette, JD
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

This article focuses on the existing methods for tracking and restricting the spread of communicable diseases, both within United States borders and across nations. It will first describe the roles played by the United States’ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization and will then explore how communicable diseases across the world are identified and monitored. This will be followed by a discussion of US and world reporting requirements and methods. Finally, the article will discuss the tactics used by the United States to control the spread of disease.

Hepatitis B control among children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization

Vaccine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (21) ◽  
pp. 2403-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Allison ◽  
Nadia Teleb ◽  
Salah Al Awaidy ◽  
Hossam Ashmony ◽  
James P. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals Partnership of the community in support of health for all

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-787
Author(s):  
A. Abdullatif
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Community Partnerships ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Important Principle ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Health Organization

Health for all is a people-based approach to health which considers the community as its focus. Community partnership is an important principle of health for all. This paper describes the many aspects of community partnership and gives examples of community partnerships initiatives in the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region, such as the basic development needs approach. The main agenda of community partnership for health for all is discussed and some opportunities conductive to community partnership in the Region are outlined

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