Alcohol Misuse among English Youth, Are Harms Attributable to Alcohol or to Underlying Disinhibitory Characteristics?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul McArdle ◽  
Simon Coulton ◽  
Eileen Kaner ◽  
Eilish Gilvarry ◽  
Colin Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Survey ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Introduction Alcohol use by young people is associated with a range of psychological and physical harms. However, similar harms are also reported with disinhibitory conditions such as conduct problems that are said to precede and predispose to alcohol misuse. We explored whether alcohol use or indicators of underlying disinhibition predict psychological and physical harms in a cohort of young people. Methods We used data from a randomised controlled intervention trial that identified young people who consumed alcohol (n = 756), mean age = 15.6 years, attending emergency departments (EDs) in England. Disinhibition was measured by the self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire hyperactivity and conduct problem items, and alcohol-related harms by questions from the ESPAD, a major European school survey. We conducted a mediation analysis with a primary outcome of frequency of engaging in alcohol-related harms 12 months after screening in ED, exploring for the mediating influence of alcohol consumed at six months. We included age, gender, allocated group and baseline consumption as covariates and adjusted for the multi-level nature of the study, where young people were nested within EDs. Results Conduct problems and to a lesser extent hyperactivity predicted harms at twelve months. This effect was not mediated by alcohol consumed at 6 months. Conclusions Among young drinkers underlying behavioural attributes predict harm independently of alcohol use. This suggests that the harms associated with alcohol use are attributable more to underlying disinhibitory characteristics than the quantity of alcohol consumed.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Alcohol Misuse and Illicit Drug Use Among Young People Aged 15–24 Years in Fishing Communities in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica O. Kuteesa ◽  
Helen A. Weiss ◽  
Sarah Cook ◽  
Janet Seeley ◽  
Josephine N. Ssentongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Low Education

Background: We determined the prevalence of and risk factors for alcohol misuse and illicit drug use among young Ugandans in fishing communities, a recognised “key population” for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among young people (15–24 years) in fishing communities in Koome, Uganda, in December 2017–July 2018. Using Audio-Assisted Self-Interviewing, we collected data on socio-demographic characteristics and alcohol use, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and timeline follow-back calendar (TLFB). Blood samples were analysed for HIV, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2), and Phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth 16:0/18:1). Urine samples were analysed for illicit drugs. Results: Among 1281 participants (52.7% male, mean age 20 years), 659 (51.4%) reported ever drinking alcohol, 248 (19.4%) had 12-month-AUDIT ≥ 8, and 261 (20.5%) had whole-blood PEth 16:0/18:1 concentration ≥ 20 ng/mL, indicating significant consumption. In multivariable analyses, PEth 16:0/18:1 ≥ 20ng/mL, AUDIT ≥ 8 and binge drinking (≥6 standard drinks per drinking occasion in the previous month from TLFB) were all strongly associated with older age, low education, smoking, and HSV2. Illicit drug use prevalence was 5.2% and was associated with older age, low education, being single, and smoking. Conclusion: Levels of alcohol misuse were high among young people in fishing communities and associated with HSV2, a proxy for risky sexual behaviour. Alcohol and illicit drug harm reduction services and HIV prevention programs in Uganda should prioritise young fisherfolk.

scholarly journals Does the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire – self report yield invariant measurements across different nations? Data from the International Child Mental Health Study Group

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stevanovic ◽  
R. Urbán ◽  
O. Atilola ◽  
P. Vostanis ◽  
Y. P. Singh Balhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

Aims.This study evaluated the measurement invariance of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) self-report among adolescents from seven different nations.Methods.Data for 2367 adolescents, aged 13–18 years, from India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Serbia, Turkey, Bulgaria and Croatia were available for a series of factor analyses.Results.The five-factor model including original SDQ scales emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity–inattention problems, peer problems and prosocial behaviour generated inadequate fit degree in all countries. A bifactor model with three factors (i.e., externalising, internalising and prosocial) and one general problem factor yielded adequate degree of fit in India, Nigeria, Turkey and Croatia. The prosocial behaviour, emotional symptoms and conduct problems factor were found to be common for all nations. However, originally proposed items loaded saliently on other factors besides the proposed ones or only some of them corresponded to proposed factors in all seven countries.Conclusions.Due to the lack of a common acceptable model across all countries, namely the same numbers of factors (i.e., dimensional invariance), it was not possible to perform the metric and scalar invariance test, what indicates that the SDQ self-report models tested lack appropriate measurement invariance across adolescents from these seven nations and it needs to be revised for cross-country comparisons.

scholarly journals Associations between developmental timing of child abuse and conduct problem trajectories in a UK birth cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bauer ◽  
Gemma Hammerton ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Graeme Fairchild ◽  
Sarah L. Halligan
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Birth Cohort Study

Abstract Background Although there is strong evidence for a relationship between child abuse and neglect and conduct problems, associations between child abuse experienced at different developmental stages and developmental trajectories of conduct problems have not been examined. We sought to investigate effects of timing of child abuse on conduct problem trajectories in a large UK birth cohort study. Methods We applied latent class growth analysis to identify conduct problem trajectories in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, using parent-rated conduct problems from ages 4-17 years (N=10648). Childhood-only and adolescence-only abuse, in addition to abuse in both developmental periods (‘persistent’ abuse), were assessed by retrospective self-report at age 22 years (N=3172). Results We identified four developmental trajectories: early-onset persistent (4.8%), adolescence-onset (4.5%), childhood-limited (15.4%), and low (75.3%) conduct problems. Childhood-only abuse and ‘persistent’ abuse were associated with increased odds of being on the early-onset persistent and adolescence-onset conduct problem trajectories compared to the low conduct problems trajectory. Adolescence-only abuse was not predictive of trajectory membership. There were no associations between abuse and childhood-limited trajectory membership.Conclusions Early-onset persistent and adolescence-onset conduct problems showed similar patterns of association with abuse exposure, challenging developmental theories that propose qualitative, as opposed to quantitative, differences in environmental risk factors between these trajectories. The results also highlight that childhood-only and ‘persistent’ abuse were more strongly linked to elevated conduct problem trajectories than adolescence-only abuse, and that ‘persistent’ abuse is particularly detrimental.

scholarly journals 4191 The Role of Suggestibility and Trait Anxiety in Young Adult Alcohol Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
Alexandra Cowand ◽  
Melanie Schwandt ◽  
Alyssa Schneider ◽  
Jodi M. Gilman ◽  
Nancy Diazgranados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
T Score ◽  
Risky Alcohol ◽  
Peer Conformity

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The purpose of this study was to investigate how suggestibility and social susceptibility relate to alcohol use in young adult non-dependent alcohol users, and the role of trait anxiety in this relationship. We hypothesized that greater trait anxiety would be associated with higher levels of alcohol misuse, and this would be mediated by suggestibility. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Study participants enrolled in the NIAAA screening and assessment protocol completed questionnaires on suggestibility, anxiety, and alcohol use. The Multidimensional Iowa Suggestibility Scale (MISS) is a 95-question self-report assessment of suggestibility. Trait anxiety is assessed with the State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait (STAI-T). Alcohol measures included the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV or DSM-5 disorders were conducted, and non-dependent participants (N = 113) were considered. A median split was conducted (median age = 35.1 years), with the focus of this study on the younger individuals (N = 55). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Initial analyses showed that suggestibility, alcohol misuse, and trait anxiety all had significant positive correlations with one another. To better understand the relationship of peer influence, specifically, with drinking and anxiety, MISS subscale of Peer Conformity was analyzed. MISS total score and Peer Conformity were positively correlated with AUDIT Total as well as STAI-T Score. STAI-T Score was additionally positively correlated with AUDIT Total (all p2 = 0.222). We also looked at Peer Conformity in place of MISS Total (R2 = 0.213). In both models, only suggestibility measures were significant predictors of harmful alcohol use (p<0.01). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: In young social drinkers, there were significant positive associations between suggestibility, risky alcohol use, and trait anxiety. These results suggest that suggestibility may be a modifiable risk factor for risky alcohol consumption. Future directions include using mediation models to explore the associations between suggestibility, anxiety, and alcohol misuse.

scholarly journals An Enhanced Social Networking Intervention for Young People with Active Suicidal Ideation: Safety, Feasibility and Acceptability Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Bailey ◽  
Mario Alvarez-Jimenez ◽  
Jo Robinson ◽  
Simon D’Alfonso ◽  
Maja Nedeljkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Online Social Networking ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Online social networking interventions have potential to support young people who experience suicidal thoughts by specifically addressing interpersonal risk factors for suicide, but may also pose a risk of harm. This uncontrolled, single-group pilot study aimed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and acceptability of an enhanced online social networking intervention (“Affinity”) among a sample of young people who experienced active suicidal ideation, and to explore potential changes in clinical outcomes and the therapeutic targets of the intervention. Twenty young people with current or recent suicidal ideation who were receiving treatment for depression at a tertiary-level mental health service were given access to Affinity for two months. Participants were assessed at baseline and 8-week follow-up; 90 percent reported clinical suicidal ideation at baseline. A priori criteria related to feasibility, safety and acceptability were satisfied. In terms of potential clinical effects, significant and reliable pre-post improvements were found on self-report outcomes including suicidal ideation. This study provides initial world-first evidence to support the use of an online intervention incorporating social networking as an adjunct to treatment for young people who experience suicidal ideation. The effectiveness of Affinity needs to be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial.

scholarly journals Assessing the readability of the self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveetha Patalay ◽  
Daniel Hayes ◽  
Miranda Wolpert
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Measure Development ◽  
The Self ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Practice Community

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is one of the most widely used measures in child and adolescent mental health in clinical practice, community-based screening and research. Assessing the readability of such questionnaires is important as young people may not comprehend items above their reading ability when self-reporting. Analyses of readability in the present study indicate that the self-report SDQ might not be suitable for young people with a reading age below 13–14 years and highlight differences in readability between subscales. The findings suggest a need for caution in using the SDQ as a self-report measure for children below the age of 13, and highlight considerations of readability in measure development, selection and interpretation.Declaration of interestNone.

The strengths and difficulties questionnaire self-report: sensitivity and specificity testing to identify conduct problems in Indonesian adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonny Tirta Luzanil ◽  
Sherly Saragih Turnip
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
The Self ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

Purpose The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been validated as a screening tool for identifying difficulties in adolescents in various countries. According to the results, the SDQ needs clinical evaluations to discriminate between adolescents with and without problems. This study is part of a research group that developed the self-report Indonesian version of the SDQ. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the self-report Indonesian version of the SDQ conduct problems subscale and identify the optimum cut-off score for Indonesian adolescents. Design/methodology/approach This study was a double-blind non-experimental study, in which the self-report SDQ score was compared to the diagnostic interview. Participants that completed the SDQ were 708 10th-grade students in Jakarta, with 40 students from the sample randomly selected through the double-blind technique for the diagnostic interview. Findings Crosstab’s analysis showed that the SDQ conduct problems subscale had a sensitivity value of 77.3% and a specificity value of 83.3%. Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that the cut-off score of 4 used in this study is ideal for identifying individuals with conduct problems. Originality/value The SDQ has good accuracy for screening conduct problems among adolescents. Moreover, it will be helpful for parents, teachers, professionals and adolescents to screening conduct problems.

scholarly journals Conduct Symptoms and Emotion Recognition in Adolescent Boys with Externalization Problems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Aspan ◽  
Peter Vida ◽  
Julia Gadoros ◽  
Jozsef Halasz
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

Background. In adults with antisocial personality disorder, marked alterations in the recognition of facial affect were described. Less consistent data are available on the emotion recognition in adolescents with externalization problems. The aim of the present study was to assess the relation between the recognition of emotions and conduct symptoms in adolescent boys with externalization problems.Methods. Adolescent boys with externalization problems referred to Vadaskert Child Psychiatry Hospital participated in the study after informed consent (N=114, 11–17 years, mean = 13.4). The conduct problems scale of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (parent and self-report) was used. The performance in a facial emotion recognition test was assessed.Results. Conduct problems score (parent and self-report) was inversely correlated with the overall emotion recognition. In the self-report, conduct problems score was inversely correlated with the recognition of anger, fear, and sadness. Adolescents with high conduct problems scores were significantly worse in the recognition of fear, sadness, and overall recognition than adolescents with low conduct scores, irrespective of age and IQ.Conclusions.Our results suggest that impaired emotion recognition is dimensionally related to conduct problems and might have importance in the development of antisocial behavior.

scholarly journals Associations Between Developmental Timing of Child Abuse and Conduct Problem Trajectories

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bauer ◽  
Gemma Hammerton ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Graeme Fairchild ◽  
Sarah L. Halligan
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Parents And Children

Abstract Background Although there is strong evidence for a relationship between child maltreatment and conduct problems, associations between child abuse experienced at different developmental stages and developmental trajectories of conduct problems have not been examined. We sought to investigate effects of timing of child abuse on conduct problem trajectories in a large UK-based birth cohort study. Methods We applied latent class growth analysis to identify conduct problem trajectories in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, using parent-rated conduct problems from ages 4-17 years (N=10648). Childhood-only and adolescence-only abuse, in addition to abuse in both developmental periods (‘persistent’ abuse), were assessed by retrospective self-report at age 22 years (N=3345). Results We identified four developmental trajectories: early-onset persistent (4.8%), adolescence-onset (4.5%), childhood-limited (15.4%), and low (75.3%) conduct problems. Childhood-only abuse and ‘persistent’ abuse were associated with increased odds of being on the early-onset persistent and adolescence-onset conduct problem trajectories compared to the low conduct problems trajectory. Adolescence-only abuse was not predictive of trajectory membership. There were no associations between abuse and childhood-limited trajectory membership.Conclusions Early-onset persistent and adolescence-onset conduct problems showed similar patterns of associations with abuse exposure, challenging developmental theories that propose qualitative, as opposed to quantitative, differences in environmental risk factors between these trajectories. The results also highlight that childhood-only and ‘persistent’ abuse were more strongly linked to elevated conduct problem trajectories than adolescence-only abuse, and that ‘persistent’ abuse is particularly detrimental.

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