scholarly journals Control of Silverleaf Whitefly on Poinsettia Under Greenhouse Conditions, Summer 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 350-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Redak ◽  
J. A. Bethke ◽  
H. S. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Application

Abstract Poinsettias, ob tained as rooted cuttings, were potted in 15-cm pots and allowed 8-wk growth (15-20 cm tall) before use. The plants were fertilized once with Osmocote (14-14-14) and irrigated every d for three minby overhead misters. On day (0), ten whiteflies were caged on the 5th (counting from top leaf of about 1 cm2 down), and a 2.5-cm-diam circle was drawn on the leaf around the cage perimeter. Twenty-four h later the adult whiteflies were removed. After egg eclosion (10 Jul), a pre-treatment count of the no. of nymphs was taken, and it was followed by treatment application. Post-treatment counts of live nymphs were taken weekly for two wks. Treatments were applied using a backpack sprayer at approximately 25 psi. A RCB design was used with five replicates per treatment. Data were transformed log10 + 1 prior to analysis to satisfy the assumptions of the analysis of variance, and LSD (P = 0.05) was used to separate the means.

scholarly journals Control of the Silverleaf Whitefly (SW) on Poinsettia Using Soil Treatments, Winter 1992

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Redak ◽  
J. A. Bethke
Keyword(s):  
Post Treatment ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Sweetpotato Whitefly ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Poinsettias obtained as rooted cuttings were potted in 15 cm diam. pots. Plants were allowed 4 wk growth (25-30 cm tall) before use in trials. An arbitrary leaf was selected and a 2.5 cm diam circle drawn on the leaf. On day 0, a pre-treatment count of immature whitefly nymphs within the circle was taken. Plants then were assigned to treatments to approximate an equal no. of immatures/replicate prior to treatments. Three plants/treatment were arranged in a RCB design on a greenhouse bench in constant exposure to sweetpotato whitefly. Four rates of two form, of NTN 33893 (2.5G and 240F) were applied by hand to each pot and drenched with water. Post-treatment counts of eggs, nymphs, redeye pupae, and empty pupal cases were made at 14 DAT, 28 DAT, 49 DAT (7 wk) & 91 DAT (13 wk).

scholarly journals Control of the Silverleaf Whitefly (SW) on Poinsettia Under Greenhouse Conditions, Fall 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 334-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Redak ◽  
J. A. Bethke
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Water Treated Control

Abstract Poin settias obtained as rooted cuttings were potted in 15 cm pots. Plants were allowed 4 wk growth (25-30 cm tall) before use in trials. Leaves were counted from the top (leaf of >2 cm2) down. Twenty SW adults were clip-caged (2.5 cm diam) on the adaxial surface of leaf no. 5 for 24 h to obtain a moderate no. of eggs/leaf. Ten days later the no. of nymphs were counted as a pre-treatment count (0 DAT). Plants were assigned to treatments to obtain an equal no. of immatures/treatment. Five plants/treatment were arranged in a randomized block design on a greenhouse bench. Ten treatments and a water treated control were applied by hand sprayer at 45 psi. Post-treatment counts were made at 7 DAT and 14 DAT.

scholarly journals Predicting prognosis for adults with depression using individual symptom data: a comparison of modelling approaches.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Eusty Jonathan Buckman ◽  
Zachary Daniel Cohen ◽  
Ciarán O'Driscoll ◽  
Eiko I Fried ◽  
Rob Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Performance ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Factor Analysis Model ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sum Scores

AimsTo develop, validate, and compare the performance of nine models predicting post-treatment outcomes for depressed adults based on pre-treatment data. MethodsIndividual patient data from all six eligible RCTs were used to develop (k=3, n=1722) and test (k=3, n=1136) nine models. Predictors included depressive and anxiety symptoms, social support, life events and alcohol use. Weighted sum-scores were developed using coefficient weights derived from network centrality statistics (Models 1-3) and factor loadings from a confirmatory factor analysis (Model 4). Unweighted sum-score models were tested using Elastic Net Regularized (ENR) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression (Models 5-6). Individual items were then included in ENR and OLS (Models 7-8). All models were compared to one another and to a null model using the mean post-baseline BDI-II score in the training data (Model 9). Primary outcome: BDI-II scores at 3-4 months. ResultsModels 1-7 all outperformed the null model. Individual-item models (particularly Model 8) explained less variance. Model performance was very similar across models 1-6, meaning that differential weights applied to the baseline sum-scores had little impact. ConclusionsAny of the modelling techniques (1-7) could be used to inform prognostic predictions for depressed adults with differences in the proportions of patients reaching remission based on the predicted severity of depressive symptoms post-treatment. However, the majority of variance in prognosis remained unexplained. It may be necessary to include a broader range of biopsychosocial variables to better adjudicate between competing models, and to derive models with greater clinical utility for treatment-seeking adults with depression.

scholarly journals Control of a Serpentine Leafminer on Chrysanthemum Under Greenhouse Conditions, Winter, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-355
Author(s):  
R. A. Redak ◽  
J. A. Bethke
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Serpentine Leafminer ◽  
Spray Applications

Abstract Chrysanthemums were obtained as rooted cuttings and potted in 15 cm pots in a greenhouse at UCR and allowed 4 wk growth (20-25 cm tall) before use. During week four, Marathon 1G was applied as a soil treatment and drenched into the soil with approximately 250 ml of water. One week later, plants were assigned to treatments prior to leafminer exposure. All plants (six replicates per treatment) were exposed to an existing leafminer colony for 2 h. Pre-treatment counts and remaining spray applications were made four days after leafminer exposure. Spray applications were made using a hand sprayer at 30-40 psi. When the plants were dry, they were tipped over trays filled with sand. Pupae dropped into the trays and the sand was sifted to collect them. Pupae were held in an environmental chamber until all adults had emerged (12 days). Post-treatment counts were then made of the number of pupae and emerging adults. Data were expressed as a mean percent mortality from the pre-treatment count and analyzed using ANOVA. One replicate of the control had an unusually high mortality rate. This replicate was removed as an outlier prior to analysis (Sokal and Rohlf 1981, Dixon 1950).

scholarly journals Control of Spider Mites on Oleander Under Greenhouse Conditions, Fall 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-386
Author(s):  
R. A. Redak ◽  
J. A. Bethke
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mites ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Application ◽  
Twospotted Spider

Abstract Oleander cuttings were rooted in 15 cm pots and allowed 8 wk growth (25-30 cm tall) before use. The plants were fertilized once with Osmocote (14-14-14) and irrigated every other day for three minutes by drip system. By the time we conducted the trial, the plants were moderately infested with twospotted spider mites. A single terminal leaf (fully expanded) was arbitrarily selected to monitor the efficacy of selected pesticides. Mites were brushed off the leaf using a mite-brushing machine, and the number of mites (all stages except eggs) was recorded. A pre-treatment count was taken on 11 Oct and was followed by a single treatment application. Post-treatment counts of live mites were taken weekly for three wks. Spray treatments were applied using a backpack sprayer at approximately 25 psi. Granular treatments were weighed on a balance in the greenhouse, placed directly on the soil in the pot, and irrigated into the soil for three min. A RBC design was used with 5 replicates per treatment. An ANOVA was performed on the data set, and Ryan’s Q was used to separate the means.

scholarly journals Comparison of nasal douching with isotonic saline versus Ringer lactate in chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
K. Paventhan ◽  
Pradeep Krishna R. ◽  
Ramya Shree C.
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Ringer Lactate ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group B ◽  
Lactate Solution

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasal douching is a best effective and simple treatment procedure for chronic rhinosinusitis. This study compares the efficacy of nasal douching with isotonic saline solution versus ringer lactate solution in patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This randomized control trial was conducted among the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who were attending the outpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology in Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, during the study period from June 2019 to December 2019. After randomization group A and B includes thirty cases of chronic rhinosinusitis each and they received nasal douching with saline and Ringer lactate two times a day for a period of three weeks and assessed using sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT) 20 during pre-treatment and post treatment. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and data analysis was done using SPSS version 17.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> On assessing the overall SNOT 20 mean score, in both group A and group B, there was statistically significant improvement post treatment score when compare to pre-treatment scores. But the differences in improvement between the two groups were not found to be significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Though isotonic saline and ringer lactate solution showed significant improvement after treatment both these are same with respect to efficacy in the treatment of douching for chronic rhinosinusitis with no difference in outcome.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of comparative field trials of acute rodenticides

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Huson
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Computer Simulation Techniques

SUMMARYThe present method of analysis of data from comparative field trials of acuterodenticides was compared with two alternative methods of analysis, using computer simulation techniques. One of the proposed alternative analyses, the use of post-treatment census takes as a percentage of pre-treatment census takes in an analysis of variance, was found to be more accurate, to avoid a theoretical difficulty associated with the present method, and is computationally much simpler.

scholarly journals Indirect effects of conifer release alternatives on songbird populations in northwestern Ontario

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Woodcock ◽  
John P. Ryder ◽  
R. A. Lautenschlager ◽  
F. Wayne Bell
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Dendroica Pensylvanica ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Major Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment

The effects of conifer-release alternatives on songbird densities (determined by territory mapping, mist netting, and banding) in four young (four to seven year old) spruce plantations were examined. Twenty to 38 (block dependent) species bred on each treatment block. Post-treatment data revealed no major treatment-related changes in breeding bird species composition. The mean density of all birds decreased from 6.9 pairs ha−1 pre-treatment, to 6.3 pairs ha−1 in the first post-treatment growing season (P > 0.05). Mean densities of the 11 most common species increased by 0.35 ha−1 on the control plots during the first post-treatment growing season, but decreased on treated plots by 1.1 ha−1 (brush saw), 1.6 ha−1 (Silvana Selective), 0.14 ha−1 (Release®) and 0.72 ha−1 (Vision®). Following the conifer-release treatments, Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) had lower (P < 0.05) mean densities on the brush saw- and Silvana Selective-treated plots than on the control plots and fewer (P < 0.05) female birds were captured in the first post-treatment year. Key words: brush saw, Chestnut-sided Warbler, conifer-release, Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project, glyphosate, mist netting, Silvana Selective, songbirds, territory mapping, triclopyr

Design and monitoring of woody structures and their benefits to juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a net rate of energy intake model

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Eric Wall ◽  
Nicolaas Bouwes ◽  
Joseph M. Wheaton ◽  
Stephen N. Bennett ◽  
W. Carl Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Stream Fishes ◽  
Habitat Rehabilitation ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Comparisons ◽  
Short Time

Despite substantial effort and resources being invested in habitat rehabilitation for stream fishes, mechanistic approaches to designing and evaluating how habitat actions influence the fish populations they are intended to benefit remain rare. We used a net rate of energy intake (NREI) model to examine expected and observed changes in energetic habitat quality and capacity from woody debris additions in a 40 m long study reach being treated as part of a restoration experiment in Asotin Creek, Washington. We simulated depths, velocities, and NREI values for pre-treatment, expected, and post-treatment habitat conditions, and we compared pre-treatment versus expected and pre-treatment versus post-treatment simulation results. The pre-treatment versus expected topography simulations suggested treatment would increase energetically favorable area, mean NREI, and capacity in the study reach. Pre-treatment versus post-treatment comparisons yielded similar predictions, though to smaller magnitudes, likely due to the short time span and single high-flow event between pre- and post-treatment data collection. We feel the NREI modelling approach is an important tool for improving the efficacy of habitat rehabilitation actions for stream fishes.

Cytoprotective Effect of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction and α-Tocopherol Vitamin E Isoforms Against Glutamate-Induced Cell Death in Neuronal Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0140-0151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilaga Rati Selvaraju ◽  
Huzwah Khaza’ai ◽  
Sharmili Vidyadaran ◽  
Mohd Sokhini Abd Mutalib ◽  
Vasudevan Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction ◽  
Major Mediator

Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system. Extreme amounts of glutamate in the extracellular spaces can lead to numerous neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to clarify the potential of the following vitamin E isomers, tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and α-tocopherol (α-TCP), as potent neuroprotective agents against glutamate-induced injury in neuronal SK-N-SH cells. Cells were treated before and after glutamate injury (pre- and post-treatment, respectively) with 100 - 300 ng/ml TRF/α-TCP. Exposure to 120 mM glutamate significantly reduced cell viability to 76 % and 79 % in the pre- and post-treatment studies, respectively; however, pre- and post-treatment with TRF/α-TCP attenuated the cytotoxic effect of glutamate. Compared to the positive control (glutamate-injured cells not treated with TRF/α-TCP), pre-treatment with 100, 200, and 300 ng/ml TRF significantly improved cell viability following glutamate injury to 95.2 %, 95.0 %, and 95.6 %, respectively (p < 0.05).The isomers not only conferred neuroprotection by enhancing mitochondrial activity and depleting free radical production, but also increased cell viability and recovery upon glutamate insult. Our results suggest that vitamin E has potent antioxidant potential for protecting against glutamate injury and recovering glutamate-injured neuronal cells. Our findings also indicate that both TRF and α-TCP could play key roles as anti-apoptotic agents with neuroprotective properties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document