Indirect effects of conifer release alternatives on songbird populations in northwestern Ontario

The effects of conifer-release alternatives on songbird densities (determined by territory mapping, mist netting, and banding) in four young (four to seven year old) spruce plantations were examined. Twenty to 38 (block dependent) species bred on each treatment block. Post-treatment data revealed no major treatment-related changes in breeding bird species composition. The mean density of all birds decreased from 6.9 pairs ha−1 pre-treatment, to 6.3 pairs ha−1 in the first post-treatment growing season (P > 0.05). Mean densities of the 11 most common species increased by 0.35 ha−1 on the control plots during the first post-treatment growing season, but decreased on treated plots by 1.1 ha−1 (brush saw), 1.6 ha−1 (Silvana Selective), 0.14 ha−1 (Release®) and 0.72 ha−1 (Vision®). Following the conifer-release treatments, Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) had lower (P < 0.05) mean densities on the brush saw- and Silvana Selective-treated plots than on the control plots and fewer (P < 0.05) female birds were captured in the first post-treatment year. Key words: brush saw, Chestnut-sided Warbler, conifer-release, Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project, glyphosate, mist netting, Silvana Selective, songbirds, territory mapping, triclopyr

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Predicting prognosis for adults with depression using individual symptom data: a comparison of modelling approaches.

10.31219/osf.io/xkwdc ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua Eusty Jonathan Buckman ◽

Zachary Daniel Cohen ◽

Ciarán O'Driscoll ◽

Eiko I Fried ◽

Rob Saunders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Model Performance ◽

Null Model ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Training Data ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Factor Analysis Model ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Sum Scores

AimsTo develop, validate, and compare the performance of nine models predicting post-treatment outcomes for depressed adults based on pre-treatment data. MethodsIndividual patient data from all six eligible RCTs were used to develop (k=3, n=1722) and test (k=3, n=1136) nine models. Predictors included depressive and anxiety symptoms, social support, life events and alcohol use. Weighted sum-scores were developed using coefficient weights derived from network centrality statistics (Models 1-3) and factor loadings from a confirmatory factor analysis (Model 4). Unweighted sum-score models were tested using Elastic Net Regularized (ENR) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression (Models 5-6). Individual items were then included in ENR and OLS (Models 7-8). All models were compared to one another and to a null model using the mean post-baseline BDI-II score in the training data (Model 9). Primary outcome: BDI-II scores at 3-4 months. ResultsModels 1-7 all outperformed the null model. Individual-item models (particularly Model 8) explained less variance. Model performance was very similar across models 1-6, meaning that differential weights applied to the baseline sum-scores had little impact. ConclusionsAny of the modelling techniques (1-7) could be used to inform prognostic predictions for depressed adults with differences in the proportions of patients reaching remission based on the predicted severity of depressive symptoms post-treatment. However, the majority of variance in prognosis remained unexplained. It may be necessary to include a broader range of biopsychosocial variables to better adjudicate between competing models, and to derive models with greater clinical utility for treatment-seeking adults with depression.

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Snow Meltout Dates and Breeding Density in Brewer's Sparrows (Spizella Breweri)

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.2008.3691 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 19-21

Author(s):

Martin Cody

Keyword(s):

Census Data ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Bird Species ◽

Common Species ◽

Breeding Density ◽

Breeding Bird ◽

Data Set ◽

Bird Monitoring ◽

Fixed Area ◽

Spizella Breweri

We have conducted a breeding bird monitoring program in GTNP since the early 1990s, utilizing fixed-area census sites of around 5 ha in size. The sites are located throughout the park in all habitat types and elevations, and number 30 in all. Some have been censused each year in June, at the height of the breeding season, others have been censused repeatedly but more sporadically, and others less frequently. the power of these census data to interpret variation in bird species, composition and breeding densities, species to species, site to site and especially year to year, clearly increases with the longevity of the data set. With the data from some sites now covering 18 successive years (1991-2008), it is possible to attempt some interpretation of the bird species variables. One such is reported here. The influence of snow meltout date on breeding density of a common species of the sagebrush flats, Brewer's Sparrow Spizella breweri.

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Comparison of nasal douching with isotonic saline versus Ringer lactate in chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trial

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20202075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 1064

Author(s):

K. Paventhan ◽

Pradeep Krishna R. ◽

Ramya Shree C.

Keyword(s):

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Isotonic Saline ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Ringer Lactate ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Group A ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Group B ◽

Lactate Solution

Background: Nasal douching is a best effective and simple treatment procedure for chronic rhinosinusitis. This study compares the efficacy of nasal douching with isotonic saline solution versus ringer lactate solution in patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis.Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted among the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who were attending the outpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology in Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, during the study period from June 2019 to December 2019. After randomization group A and B includes thirty cases of chronic rhinosinusitis each and they received nasal douching with saline and Ringer lactate two times a day for a period of three weeks and assessed using sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT) 20 during pre-treatment and post treatment. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and data analysis was done using SPSS version 17. Results: On assessing the overall SNOT 20 mean score, in both group A and group B, there was statistically significant improvement post treatment score when compare to pre-treatment scores. But the differences in improvement between the two groups were not found to be significant.Conclusions: Though isotonic saline and ringer lactate solution showed significant improvement after treatment both these are same with respect to efficacy in the treatment of douching for chronic rhinosinusitis with no difference in outcome.

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Motor–manual, mechanical, and herbicide release affect early successional vegetation in northwestern Ontario

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc73061-1 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 61-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

F. Wayne Bell ◽

R. A. Lautenschlager ◽

Robert G. Wagner ◽

Doug G. Pitt ◽

John W. Hawkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Univariate Analysis ◽

Growing Season ◽

Deciduous Tree ◽

Deciduous Trees ◽

Percent Cover ◽

Aerial Application ◽

Northwestern Ontario ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

The Individual ◽

Successional Vegetation

Cover and height of vegetation before and one growing season after: 1) motor-manual cutting, 2) mechanical brush cutting (Silvana Selective/Ford Versatile), 3) aerial application of Release® (a.i. triclopyr) herbicide, 4) aerial application of Vision® (a.i. glyphosate) herbicide, and 5) control (no treatment) were quantified. Multivariate analysis permitted the study of vegetation response as a whole, while accounting for correlations that exist among the individual vegetation groups. Univariate analysis were used to study the responses of individual vegetation groups. Although no pre-treatment differences in percent cover were observed (P = 0.128), deciduous tree, shrub, forb, grass, and sedge groups responded differently to the treatments after one growing season (P < 0.018). Post-treatment cover of deciduous tree and shrub groups was lower in herbicide treated plots than in cut plots. Forb, grass and sedge covers varied greatly among treatments. Brush saw and Silvana Selective treatments decreased cover of deciduous trees. Release® decreased cover of deciduous trees and shrubs. Vision® decreased cover of deciduous trees, shrubs and ferns. Cover of all vegetation groups increased on the untreated control. Among the conifer release treatments examined, Vision® reduced woody and herbaceous vegetation most. Key words: clearing saw, conifer release, Falingsnow Ecosystem Project, glyphosate, herbicides, Release®, Silvana Selective, spruce, triclopyr, vegetation management, Vision®.

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Design and monitoring of woody structures and their benefits to juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a net rate of energy intake model

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2016-0131 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (5) ◽

pp. 727-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C. Eric Wall ◽

Nicolaas Bouwes ◽

Joseph M. Wheaton ◽

Stephen N. Bennett ◽

W. Carl Saunders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Woody Debris ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Stream Fishes ◽

Habitat Rehabilitation ◽

Short Time Span ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Treatment Comparisons ◽

Short Time

Despite substantial effort and resources being invested in habitat rehabilitation for stream fishes, mechanistic approaches to designing and evaluating how habitat actions influence the fish populations they are intended to benefit remain rare. We used a net rate of energy intake (NREI) model to examine expected and observed changes in energetic habitat quality and capacity from woody debris additions in a 40 m long study reach being treated as part of a restoration experiment in Asotin Creek, Washington. We simulated depths, velocities, and NREI values for pre-treatment, expected, and post-treatment habitat conditions, and we compared pre-treatment versus expected and pre-treatment versus post-treatment simulation results. The pre-treatment versus expected topography simulations suggested treatment would increase energetically favorable area, mean NREI, and capacity in the study reach. Pre-treatment versus post-treatment comparisons yielded similar predictions, though to smaller magnitudes, likely due to the short time span and single high-flow event between pre- and post-treatment data collection. We feel the NREI modelling approach is an important tool for improving the efficacy of habitat rehabilitation actions for stream fishes.

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Control of Silverleaf Whitefly on Poinsettia Under Greenhouse Conditions, Summer 1997

Arthropod Management Tests ◽

10.1093/amt/23.1.350 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 350-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. A. Redak ◽

J. A. Bethke ◽

H. S. Costa

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Silverleaf Whitefly ◽

Rooted Cuttings ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Treatment Application

Abstract Poinsettias, ob tained as rooted cuttings, were potted in 15-cm pots and allowed 8-wk growth (15-20 cm tall) before use. The plants were fertilized once with Osmocote (14-14-14) and irrigated every d for three minby overhead misters. On day (0), ten whiteflies were caged on the 5th (counting from top leaf of about 1 cm2 down), and a 2.5-cm-diam circle was drawn on the leaf around the cage perimeter. Twenty-four h later the adult whiteflies were removed. After egg eclosion (10 Jul), a pre-treatment count of the no. of nymphs was taken, and it was followed by treatment application. Post-treatment counts of live nymphs were taken weekly for two wks. Treatments were applied using a backpack sprayer at approximately 25 psi. A RCB design was used with five replicates per treatment. Data were transformed log10 + 1 prior to analysis to satisfy the assumptions of the analysis of variance, and LSD (P = 0.05) was used to separate the means.

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Cytoprotective Effect of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction and α-Tocopherol Vitamin E Isoforms Against Glutamate-Induced Cell Death in Neuronal Cells

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000201 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (3-4) ◽

pp. 0140-0151 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Thilaga Rati Selvaraju ◽

Huzwah Khaza’ai ◽

Sharmili Vidyadaran ◽

Mohd Sokhini Abd Mutalib ◽

Vasudevan Ramachandran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Neuronal Cells ◽

Positive Control ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Mitochondrial Activity ◽

Before And After ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Tocotrienol Rich Fraction ◽

Major Mediator

Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system. Extreme amounts of glutamate in the extracellular spaces can lead to numerous neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to clarify the potential of the following vitamin E isomers, tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and α-tocopherol (α-TCP), as potent neuroprotective agents against glutamate-induced injury in neuronal SK-N-SH cells. Cells were treated before and after glutamate injury (pre- and post-treatment, respectively) with 100 - 300 ng/ml TRF/α-TCP. Exposure to 120 mM glutamate significantly reduced cell viability to 76 % and 79 % in the pre- and post-treatment studies, respectively; however, pre- and post-treatment with TRF/α-TCP attenuated the cytotoxic effect of glutamate. Compared to the positive control (glutamate-injured cells not treated with TRF/α-TCP), pre-treatment with 100, 200, and 300 ng/ml TRF significantly improved cell viability following glutamate injury to 95.2 %, 95.0 %, and 95.6 %, respectively (p < 0.05).The isomers not only conferred neuroprotection by enhancing mitochondrial activity and depleting free radical production, but also increased cell viability and recovery upon glutamate insult. Our results suggest that vitamin E has potent antioxidant potential for protecting against glutamate injury and recovering glutamate-injured neuronal cells. Our findings also indicate that both TRF and α-TCP could play key roles as anti-apoptotic agents with neuroprotective properties.

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Functional evenness of bird communities varies along the elevational gradient in Europe: Conservation implications

10.32942/osf.io/sx9n8 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Federico Morelli ◽

Yanina

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Elevation Gradient ◽

Bird Species ◽

Elevational Gradient ◽

Negative Association ◽

Bird Communities ◽

Breeding Bird ◽

Bird Species Richness ◽

Large Spatial Scale ◽

Functional Evenness

ContextThe negative association between elevation and species richness is a well-recognized pattern in macro-ecology. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate changes in functional evenness of breeding bird communities along an elevation gradient in Europe. MethodsUsing the bird data from the EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds we estimated an index of functional evenness which can be assumed as a measure of the potential resilience of communities.ResultsOur findings confirm the existence of a negative association between elevation and bird species richness in all European eco regions. However, we also explored a novel aspect of this relationship, important for conservation: Our findings provide evidence at large spatial scale of a negative association between the functional evenness (potential community resilience) and elevation, independent of the eco region. We also found that the Natura2000 protected areas covers the territory most in need of protection, those characterized by bird communities with low potential resilience, in hilly and mountainous areas.ConclusionsThese results draw attention to European areas occupied by bird communities characterized by a potential lower capacity to respond to strong ecological changes, and, therefore, potentially more exposed to risks for conservation.

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CONTRACEPTION BY AN INJECTABLE LONG-ACTING OESTROGEN-PROGESTOGEN AGENT. III

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0690067 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 67-76

Author(s):

Rolf Plesner

Keyword(s):

Treatment Period ◽

Treatment Cycle ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Mixed Phase ◽

Discontinuation Of Treatment ◽

Phase Type ◽

Secretory Type ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Long Acting ◽

Fertile Women

ABSTRACT Twenty-two fertile women were treated cyclically in from 4–30 cycles (mean 15.5) with a total of 341 injections of Deladroxate®, an injectable, long-acting oestrogen-progestogen. The injections were administered on the 8th (7th–9th) day of each cycle. Before treatment, the last pre-treatment cycle was controlled by means of daily recordings of the basal body temperature (BBT), urinary excretion of pregnanediol and total pituitary gonadotrophins at certain intervals, and by endometrial biopsies obtained late in the cycle. The effects of Deladroxate® on ovulation, on pituitary gonadotrophic function, and on the endometrium were controlled by the above mentioned parameters during cycles 1, 3, and 6, and all assessments were repeated after discontinuation of treatment. During treatment, there was a statistically significant fall in gonadotrophin excretion values (as compared with the pre-treatment values), and the fall was found to be gradually progressive during treatment. After discontinuation of treatment, there seemed to be a tendency towards an increase in the excretion values. Suppression of ovulation as determined by means of the pregnanediol excretion during treatment, was effective in nearly all of the treatment cycles checked. The fall in pregnanediol excretion was also gradually progressive during treatment, while there was a slight increase in excretion values in the post-treatment period. During treatment, 79 BBT curves were recorded. Nearly 50 % were monophasic, indicating anovulatory cycles, 17 curves were biphasic, but with the rise in temperature occurring at non-characteristic times in the cycles, 18 curves were classified as thermogenic because of a rise in temperature occurring within 24 hours after the injection, and 5 curves were not assessable. During the first month after discontinuation of treatment, 8 out of 10 recorded curves were monophasic. Out of 53 endometrial biopsies obtained around the 23rd day of the cycle, 31 were of the mixed phase type, but showing a predominance of proliferative patterns, 15 were of the secretory type, and 7 were purely proliferative. Out of 15 biopsies obtained in the post-treatment period, only two were of the mixed phase type, 12 were proliferative and one was purely secretory.

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