The Effects of Corpus Use on Second Language Vocabulary Learning: A Multilevel Meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansol Lee ◽  
Mark Warschauer ◽  
Jang Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
L2 Vocabulary

Abstract This study investigates the effects of corpus use on second language (L2) vocabulary learning as well as the influence of moderators on effectiveness. Based on 29 studies representing 38 unique samples, all of which met several criteria for inclusion (e.g. with control groups), we found an overall positive medium-sized effect of corpus use on L2 vocabulary learning for both short-term (77 posttest effect sizes; Hedges’ g = 0.74, SE = 0.09, p < .001) and long-term periods (34 follow-up effect sizes; Hedges’ g = 0.64, SE = 0.17, p < .001). Furthermore, large variation in adjusted mean effect sizes across moderators was revealed. Above all, for the different dimensions of L2 vocabulary knowledge, in-depth knowledge (i.e. referential meanings as well as syntactic features of vocabulary) was associated with a large effect size. Moreover, the results revealed that learners’ L2 proficiency and several features of corpus use (i.e. interaction types, corpus types, training, and duration) influence the magnitude of the effectiveness of corpus use in improving L2 vocabulary learning.

Exercise interventions in lateral elbow tendinopathy have better outcomes than passive interventions, but the effects are small: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 2123 subjects in 30 trials

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-102525
Author(s):  
Stefanos Karanasios ◽  
Vasileios Korakakis ◽  
Rod Whiteley ◽  
Ioannis Vasilogeorgis ◽  
Sarah Woodbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lateral Elbow ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of exercise compared with other conservative interventions in the management of lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) on pain and function.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe used the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to grade the certainty of evidence. Self-perceived improvement, pain intensity, pain-free grip strength (PFGS) and elbow disability were used as primary outcome measures.Eligibility criteriaRCTs assessing the effectiveness of exercise alone or as an additive intervention compared with passive interventions, wait-and-see or injections in patients with LET.Results30 RCTs (2123 participants, 5 comparator interventions) were identified. Exercise outperformed (low certainty) corticosteroid injections in all outcomes at all time points except short-term pain reduction. Clinically significant differences were found in PFGS at short-term (mean difference (MD): 12.15, (95% CI) 1.69 to 22.6), mid-term (MD: 22.45, 95% CI 3.63 to 41.3) and long-term follow-up (MD: 18, 95% CI 11.17 to 24.84). Statistically significant differences (very low certainty) for exercise compared with wait-and-see were found only in self-perceived improvement at short-term, pain reduction and elbow disability at short-term and long-term follow-up. Substantial heterogeneity in descriptions of equipment, load, duration and frequency of exercise programmes were evident.ConclusionsLow and very low certainty evidence suggests exercise is effective compared with passive interventions with or without invasive treatment in LET, but the effect is small.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018082703.

scholarly journals Long-term outcomes of psychological treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maxi Weber ◽  
Sarah Schumacher ◽  
Wiebke Hannig ◽  
Jürgen Barth ◽  
Annett Lotzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Treatments

Abstract Several types of psychological treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are considered well established and effective, but evidence of their long-term efficacy is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes across psychological treatments for PTSD. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PTSDpubs, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and related articles were searched for randomized controlled trials with at least 12 months of follow-up. Twenty-two studies (N = 2638) met inclusion criteria, and 43 comparisons of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) were available at follow-up. Active treatments for PTSD yielded large effect sizes from pretest to follow-up and a small controlled effect size compared with non-directive control groups at follow-up. Trauma-focused treatment (TFT) and non-TFT showed large improvements from pretest to follow-up, and effect sizes did not significantly differ from each other. Active treatments for comorbid depressive symptoms revealed small to medium effect sizes at follow-up, and improved PTSD and depressive symptoms remained stable from treatment end to follow-up. Military personnel, low proportion of female patients, and self-rated PTSD measures were associated with decreased effect sizes for PTSD at follow-up. The findings suggest that CBT for PTSD is efficacious in the long term. Future studies are needed to determine the lasting efficacy of other psychological treatments and to confirm benefits beyond 12-month follow-up.

scholarly journals Context, word, and student predictors in second language vocabulary learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVELIEN MULDER ◽  
MARCO VAN DE VEN ◽  
ELIANE SEGERS ◽  
LUDO VERHOEVEN
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Levenshtein Distance ◽  
Context Word ◽  
Learning Gain ◽  
English Sentence ◽  
Contextual Support ◽  
L2 Vocabulary

ABSTRACTWe examined to what extent the variation in vocabulary learning outcomes (vocabulary knowledge, learning gain, and rate of forgetting) in English as a second language (L2) in context can be predicted from semantic contextual support, word characteristics (cognate status, Levenshtein distance, word frequency, and word length), and student characteristics (prior vocabulary knowledge, reading ability, and exposure to English) in 197 Dutch adolescents. Students were taught cognates, false friends, and control words through judging sentences with varying degrees of semantic contextual support using a pretest/posttest between subjects design. Participants were presented with an English target word and its Dutch translation, followed by an English sentence. They were instructed to judge the plausibility of the sentence. Mixed-efffects models indicated that learning gains were higher for sentences with more semantic contextual support and in students with stronger reading comprehension skills. We were the first to show that Levenshtein distance is an important predictor for L2 vocabulary learning outcomes. Furthermore, more accurate as well as faster learning task performance lead to higher learning outcomes. It can thus be concluded that L2 study materials containing semantically supportive contexts and that focus on words with little L1-L2 overlap are most effective for L2 vocabulary learning.

Intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1266-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnan Ravindran ◽  
Lauren A Dalvin ◽  
Jose S Pulido ◽  
Waleed Brinjikji
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
First Line ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
Insight Into

Background and purposeIntra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma has been adopted as a first-line treatment option by numerous tertiary centers. The effect of intra-arterial chemotherapy on future rates of metastatic disease as well as on globe salvage in advanced eyes remains relatively unknown.MethodsA search of PubMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science electronic databases was conducted from inception until January 2019 for studies with a minimum of 10 patients reporting outcomes and complications following intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma.ResultsA total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis, comprising 873 patients and 1467 eyes. Only one study was comparative; there was substantial heterogeneity in reported outcomes and several overlapping patient cohorts that were published. Across all studies, 174 of 1467 eyes were enucleated (11.8%). Metastatic disease occurred in 8 of 513 patients (1.6%). Globe salvage was achieved in 318 of 906 (35.6%) cases of advanced retinoblastoma. The most common ocular complication was retinal detachment, occurring in 23% of eyes, and the most common systemic complications were transient fever and nausea/vomiting.ConclusionsThere is a paucity of higher-level evidence with adequate follow-up surrounding the long-term safety of intra-arterial chemotherapy and effect on metastasis in retinoblastoma. Studies to date have been limited by short-term follow-up. Longitudinal prospective studies could provide greater insight into the ability of intra-arterial chemotherapy to reduce the risk of retinoblastoma metastasis.

HOW DO DIFFERENT FORMS OF GLOSSING CONTRIBUTE TO L2 VOCABULARY LEARNING FROM READING?

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akifumi Yanagisawa ◽  
Stuart Webb ◽  
Takumi Uchihara
Keyword(s):  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Learner Characteristics ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Auditory Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
L2 Vocabulary ◽  
Potential Moderator

AbstractThis meta-analysis investigated the overall effects of glossing on L2 vocabulary learning from reading and the influence of potential moderator variables: gloss format (type, language, mode) and text and learner characteristics. A total of 359 effect sizes from 42 studies (N = 3802) meeting the inclusion criteria were meta-analyzed. The results indicated that glossed reading led to significantly greater learning of words (45.3% and 33.4% on immediate and delayed posttests, respectively) than nonglossed reading (26.6% and 19.8%). Multiple-choice glosses were the most effective, and in-text glosses and glossaries were the least effective gloss types. L1 glosses yielded greater learning than L2 glosses. We found no interaction between language (L1, L2) and proficiency (beginner, intermediate, advanced), and no significant difference among modes of glossing (textual, pictorial, auditory). Learning gains were moderated by test formats (recall, recognition, other), comprehension of text, and proficiency.

Abstract 19824: Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Comissurotomy versus Surgical Comissurotomy in the Treatment of Severe Symptomatic Mitral Stenosis

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhanderson N Cardoso ◽  
Mohammad Ansari ◽  
Daniel Garcia ◽  
Eduardo De Marchena ◽  
Cesar E Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stage D ◽  
Valve Area

Introduction: Percutaneous mitral balloon comissurotomy (PMBC) and surgical comissurotomy can be used for treatment of stage D mitral stenosis. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PMBC and surgery have shown inconsistent results. Hypothesis: PMBC is associated with better hemodynamic and clinical results for the treatment of stage D mitral stenosis. Methods: Databases were searched for RCTs that compared double-balloon PMBC to surgical comissurotomy. Inclusion criteria were no left atrial clot, a favorable valve morphology and absence of significant mitral regurgitation. Clinical and hemodynamic outcomes were evaluated within short-term (less than 6 months) and long-term (over 6 months) follow up. Random-effects model was used due to anticipated heterogeneity. Results: A total of 6 RCTs with 474 patients were included, of whom 222 (46.8%) underwent PBMC. In short-term follow up, PMBC was associated with a larger mitral valve area (MVA) compared to surgical comissurotomy (mean difference 0.41 cm2; 95% CI 0.16-0.67; p=0.002; figure 1A), but also a higher incidence of moderate to severe mitral regurgitation (MR; OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.04-6.70; p=0.04; figure 1B). Short-term symptomatic (NYHA II-IV) heart failure (p=0.40) and new MR (p=0.32), as well as long-term MVA (p=0.23), restenosis (p=0.39), symptomatic heart failure (p=0.11), new MR (p=0.64) and need for reintervention (p=0.21) were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis of RCTs suggests that PMBC is associated with an increased MVA as well as a higher incidence of moderate to severe MR when compared to surgery in the treatment of stage D MS. Therefore, the decision to proceed with PMBC or surgery in patients suitable for both procedures must rely on patient preferences, physician experience and risk of procedure-specific complications, such as left-to-right shunt with PMBC and wound infection/dehiscence with surgical comissurotomy.

scholarly journals The effects of dictionary use on second language vocabulary acquisition: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songshan Zhang ◽  
Hai Xu ◽  
Xian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Learning Condition ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Dictionary Use ◽  
L2 Vocabulary

Abstract This study reports on the results of a meta-analysis which investigates the effects of dictionary use on second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition, as well as the magnitude of the moderating effect of a number of moderator variables on the effectiveness of dictionary use in improving L2 vocabulary knowledge. A total of 125 effect sizes were gleaned from 44 studies, which represented 87 independent samples and included 3,475 participants. A random-effects model of the meta-analysis shows that the overall effect of dictionary use on L2 vocabulary acquisition is g = 2.10 (p &lt; .01) for within-group studies and g = 1.03 (p &lt; .01) for between-group studies respectively, which are both large in the domain of second language research. Subsequent moderator variable analysis reveals how treatment-related variables (timepoint, dictionary form, dictionary type, target lexical unit, vocabulary knowledge type, learning condition, and research setting), methodological variables (type of experimental design, presence of pretest, and assessment type), as well as learner-related variables (age and proficiency) might contribute to the variation across studies. Implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in complex mental disorders: update of a meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falk Leichsenring ◽  
Sven Rabung
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prospective Design

BackgroundDose–effect relationship data suggest that short-term psychotherapy is insufficient for many patients with chronic distress or personality disorders (complex mental disorders).AimsTo examine the comparative efficacy of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LTPP) in complex mental disorders.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of controlled trials of LTPP fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: therapy lasting for at least a year or 50 sessions; active comparison conditions; prospective design; reliable and valid outcome measures; treatments terminated. Ten studies with 971 patients were included.ResultsBetween-group effect sizes in favour of LTPP compared with less intensive (lower dose) forms of psychotherapy ranged between 0.44 and 0.68.ConclusionsResults suggest that LTPP is superior to less intensive forms of psychotherapy in complex mental disorders. Further research on long-term psychotherapy is needed, not only for psychodynamic psychotherapy, but also for other therapies.

Phonological sequence learning and short-term store capacity determine second language vocabulary acquisition

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIOVANNA SPECIALE ◽  
NICK C. ELLIS ◽  
TRACEY BYWATER
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phonological Store

Two studies examined individual cognitive differences affecting the acquisition of second language word forms. Experiment 1 measured 40 undergraduates' ability to learn phonological sequences, their phonological short-term store capacity as indexed by ability to repeat nonwordlike nonwords, and their learning of novel foreign language vocabulary (German) in an experimental task. Phonological sequence learning predicted receptive vocabulary learning. Phonological sequence learning and phonological store capacity made independent additive contributions to productive vocabulary learning. Experiment 2 determined the interactions of phonological sequence learning ability, phonological store capacity, and second language acquisition during a longitudinal field study of 44 novice undergraduate learners of Spanish during a 10-week course. Students' initial skill in phonological sequence learning predicted their final levels of Spanish receptive language and their eventual ability to repeat Spanish-wordlike nonwords. The results suggest that phonological store capacity and phonological sequence learning ability are initially separable constraints on second language vocabulary acquisition and that sequence learning ability underpins the acquisition of long-term phonological knowledge. Subsequent apprehension and consolidation of a novel word form is a product not only of phonological short-term store capacity but also of this long-term knowledge of the phonological regularities of language.

Long-term efficacy and safety of newer generation ultrathin strut drug-eluting stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lattuca ◽  
X Odorico ◽  
B.V Occean ◽  
L Cornillet ◽  
L Schmutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Target Lesion ◽  
Drug Eluting Stents ◽  
Target Vessel ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Efficacy ◽  
Drug Eluting

Abstract Background Recent trials have demonstrated that short-term efficacy and safety of ultrathin strut drug-eluting stents (DES) were non-inferior to contemporary stents but long-term benefit remains uncertain. Purpose The main objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate efficacy and safety of ultrathin strut DES with an extended follow-up in comparison to 2nd and 3rd generations DES. Methods A double-blind review of randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing ultrathin strut DES to contemporary DES was performed from MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases and from cardiological congresses. The primary efficacy endpoint was target vessel failure (TLF) defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI) and target lesion revascularization (TLR) and the primary safety endpoint was occurrence of stent thrombosis (ST). Short (1 year) and long term (≥2 years) effects were estimated separately. This analysis was pre-specified in PROSPERO (CRD42019142206). Results The meta-analysis included 13 RCT including 19,490 patients. In short term, we found TLF decrease with ultrathin strut DES (RR 0.85, CI [0.75–0.97], p=0.01), driven by lower TV-MI (RR 0.83, CI [0.66–1.03], p=0.1) and TLR (RR 0.77, CI [0.58–1.01], p=0.1) rates, and a non-significant downward trend in ST (RR 0.85 CI [0.64–1.14]). In long term, from the 5 trials with extended follow-up, there was no significant difference between ultrathin strut DES and thicker strut stents in rate of TLF at the longest available follow-up (RR 0.90, CI [0.76–1.06], p=0.2), despite a numerically reduction of TV-MI (RR 0.81, CI [0.61–1.08], p=0.05) and TLR (RR 0.85, CI [0.69–1.04], p=0.1) in favor of ultrathin strut stents. However, we observed a persistent numerically reduction in ST (RR 0.79, CI [0.61–1.02], p=0.01). Conclusion Ultrathin strut DES was associated with a lower target lesion failure rate at one year but not beyond 2-years follow-up. Nevertheless, the safety of the ultrathin strut stents was sustained over time with a numerically reduction of ST. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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