scholarly journals A-153 Working Memory Performance and Brain Activity in the context of Opioid Withdrawal and Relapse

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-947
Author(s):  
Surprenant B ◽  
Grimone K ◽  
Wagner T ◽  
Sarles-Whittlesey H ◽  
Jones E ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective Working memory (WM) deficits are associated with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, little research addresses WM during withdrawal. We used the N-back WM paradigm to assess whether differences exist between persons in withdrawal versus stable opioid doses. We also examined whether N-back performance or associated brain activity during either withdrawal or satiation predict subsequent abstinence versus relapse. Method We evaluated N-Back performance and associated brain function of 20 OUD patients during 3 T fMRI. Participants were actively using opioids during the first scan (SOWS M = 8.10, SD = 9.22) and abstained 24 hours before the second scan (SOWS M = 28.26, SD = 11.64), buprenorphine treatment began afterwards. Twelve participants (age: M = 33.92, SD = 5.99) completed both scans and were included in within-subject contrasts. Sixteen participants (age: M = 34.38, SD = 5.38) completed at least one scan and were evaluated on whether brain activation or performance was associated with relapse. Results Paired-sample t-tests revealed no significant difference on N-back accuracy (0-back: t = 0.78, p = .45, d = 0.23; 2-back: t = −0.28, p = .78, d = 0.08) or brain activation (2-back versus 0-back) across regions of interest (ROIs) associated with WM in prior studies between satiated and abstinent assessments (ts < 0.5, ps > .05). Contrasting relapsing and abstinent groups at follow-up revealed no significant difference in N-back accuracy (0-back: t = −0.30, p = .77, d = 0.14; 2-back: t = 0.43, p = .67, d = 0.22) or associated ROI brain activation (ts < 1.29, ps > .05). Conclusion This is the first investigation of brain and behavioral measures of WM in opiate withdrawal and relapse. No significant differences were found, and effect sizes were small. Further research that investigates direct (compensatory activation) and task-indirect systems (default network, motivation) during cognitive challenges is needed.

scholarly journals Working memory deficits in schizophrenia are associated with the rs34884856 variant and expression levels of the NR4A2 gene in a sample Mexican population: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
Janet Jiménez-Genchi ◽  
Yessica M. Alcántara-Flores ◽  
Carlos J. Castañeda-González ◽  
Carlos L. Aviña-Cervantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Mexican Population ◽  
High Resolution Melt ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peripheral Mononuclear Cells

Abstract Background Cognitive functions represent useful endophenotypes to identify the association between genetic variants and schizophrenia. In this sense, the NR4A2 gene has been implicated in schizophrenia and cognition in different animal models and clinical trials. We hypothesized that the NR4A2 gene is associated with working memory performance in schizophrenia. This study aimed to analyze two variants and the expression levels of the NR4A2 gene with susceptibility to schizophrenia, as well as to evaluate whether possession of NR4A2 variants influence the possible correlation between gene expression and working memory performance in schizophrenia. Methods The current study included 187 schizophrenia patients and 227 controls genotyped for two of the most studied NR4A2 genetic variants in neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Genotyping was performed using High Resolution Melt and sequencing techniques. In addition, mRNA expression of NR4A2 was performed in peripheral mononuclear cells of 112 patients and 118 controls. A group of these participants, 54 patients and 87 controls, performed the working memory index of the WAIS III test. Results Both genotypic frequencies of the two variants and expression levels of the NR4A2 gene showed no significant difference when in patients versus controls. However, patients homozygous for the rs34884856 promoter variant showed a positive correlation between expression levels and auditory working memory. Conclusions Our finding suggested that changes in expression levels of the NR4A2 gene could be associated with working memory in schizophrenia depending on patients’ genotype in a sample from a Mexican population.

scholarly journals Resting‐State EEG Microstates Parallel Age‐Related Differences in Allocentric Spatial Working Memory Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeline Jabès ◽  
Giuliana Klencklen ◽  
Paolo Ruggeri ◽  
Christoph M. Michel ◽  
Pamela Banta Lavenex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Age Related

AbstractAlterations of resting-state EEG microstates have been associated with various neurological disorders and behavioral states. Interestingly, age-related differences in EEG microstate organization have also been reported, and it has been suggested that resting-state EEG activity may predict cognitive capacities in healthy individuals across the lifespan. In this exploratory study, we performed a microstate analysis of resting-state brain activity and tested allocentric spatial working memory performance in healthy adult individuals: twenty 25–30-year-olds and twenty-five 64–75-year-olds. We found a lower spatial working memory performance in older adults, as well as age-related differences in the five EEG microstate maps A, B, C, C′ and D, but especially in microstate maps C and C′. These two maps have been linked to neuronal activity in the frontal and parietal brain regions which are associated with working memory and attention, cognitive functions that have been shown to be sensitive to aging. Older adults exhibited lower global explained variance and occurrence of maps C and C′. Moreover, although there was a higher probability to transition from any map towards maps C, C′ and D in young and older adults, this probability was lower in older adults. Finally, although age-related differences in resting-state EEG microstates paralleled differences in allocentric spatial working memory performance, we found no evidence that any individual or combination of resting-state EEG microstate parameter(s) could reliably predict individual spatial working memory performance. Whether the temporal dynamics of EEG microstates may be used to assess healthy cognitive aging from resting-state brain activity requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Urinary tetrahydrocannabinol is associated with poorer working memory performance and alterations in associated brain activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max M. Owens ◽  
Shannon McNally ◽  
Tashia Petker ◽  
Michael T. Amlung ◽  
Iris M. Balodis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in Resting-State EEG and Allocentric Spatial Working Memory Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeline Jabès ◽  
Giuliana Klencklen ◽  
Paolo Ruggeri ◽  
Jean-Philippe Antonietti ◽  
Pamela Banta Lavenex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Recording Conditions

During normal aging resting-state brain activity changes and working memory performance declines as compared to young adulthood. Interestingly, previous studies reported that different electroencephalographic (EEG) measures of resting-state brain activity may correlate with working memory performance at different ages. Here, we recorded resting-state EEG activity and tested allocentric spatial working memory in healthy young (20–30 years) and older (65–75 years) adults. We adapted standard EEG methods to record brain activity in mobile participants in a non-shielded environment, in both eyes closed and eyes open conditions. Our study revealed some age-group differences in resting-state brain activity that were consistent with previous results obtained in different recording conditions. We confirmed that age-group differences in resting-state EEG activity depend on the recording conditions and the specific parameters considered. Nevertheless, lower theta-band and alpha-band frequencies and absolute powers, and higher beta-band and gamma-band relative powers were overall observed in healthy older adults, as compared to healthy young adults. In addition, using principal component and regression analyses, we found that the first extracted EEG component, which represented mainly theta, alpha and beta powers, correlated with spatial working memory performance in older adults, but not in young adults. These findings are consistent with the theory that the neurobiological bases of working memory performance may differ between young and older adults. However, individual measures of resting-state EEG activity could not be used as reliable biomarkers to predict individual allocentric spatial working memory performance in young or older adults.

scholarly journals Working Memory Performance after Daily Caffeine Intake: Compromised Performance and Reduced Hippocampal Activity.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Shiuan Lin ◽  
Janine Weibel ◽  
Hans-Peter Landolt ◽  
Francesco Santini ◽  
Helen Christina Slawik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Acute Withdrawal ◽  
Caffeine Withdrawal ◽  
Significant Difference

Neuroprotective effects of caffeine have been frequently reported in the context of disease and cognitive dysfunction as well as in epidemiological studies in humans. However, evidence on caffeine effects on neural and memory functions during daily intake in a healthy cognitive state remains scarce. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study investigated working memory functions by N-back tasks and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) after daily caffeine intake compared to a placebo baseline and to acute caffeine withdrawal in 20 young healthy volunteers. Each volunteer was given 3 times 150 mg caffeine for 10 days in the daily caffeine condition, 3 times 150 mg mannitol for 10 days in the placebo condition, and 9-day caffeine plus 1-day mannitol in the acute withdrawal condition. During the 10th day, participants performed 4 N-back sessions (two loads each: 0- and 3-back) under controlled laboratory conditions. During the 4th session of N-Back (i.e. at 5.5 h, 36.5 h and > 10 days after the last caffeine intake in the caffeine, withdrawal, and placebo condition, respectively) we assessed blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity. During the entire 10th day, in 0-back tasks, we observed longer reaction times (RTs) in the withdrawal compared to the placebo (Cohens d = 0.7) and caffeine condition (Cohens d = 0.6), but no significant effects of conditions on error rates. In contrast, in 3-back tasks (controlled for 0-back), the RTs in the caffeine condition were longer compared to placebo (Cohens d = 0.6) and withdrawal (Cohens d = 0.5). Error rates were higher during both caffeine and withdrawal conditions compared to placebo (Cohens d of both contrasts = 0.4). Whole-brain analyses on fMRI data did not reveal significant condition-dependent differences in activities between task loads. Across task loads, however, we observed a reduced hippocampal activation (Cohens d = -1.3) during the caffeine condition compared to placebo, while no significant difference in brain activities between withdrawal and placebo conditions. Taken together, the worse working memory function and the hippocampal hypoactivation implicate a potential detrimental effect of daily caffeine intake on neurocognitive functions of healthy adults. Moreover, they echo the hippocampal volumetric reduction reported previously in the same volunteers. Lastly, acute withdrawal from daily caffeine intake impairs both low-order cognitive processes and working memory performance. Taking earlier studies on acute caffeine effects into account, our findings indicate that daily caffeine intake elicits a dynamic change in cerebral activities during the course of repeated consumption, with unknown consequences in the long run.

Working memory performance in relation to clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients: A4-month follow-up study

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Sohee Park ◽  
Jörg Püschel ◽  
David A. Moore ◽  
Ann Ragin ◽  
Christine Hooker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals The Dynamic-Processing Model of Working Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-387
Author(s):  
Nathan S. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
Latent Representations ◽  
Dynamic Processing ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
The Mind

Recent shifts in the understanding of how the mind and brain retain information in working memory (WM) call for revision to traditional theories. Evidence of dynamic, “activity-silent,” short-term retention processes diverges from conventional models positing that information is always retained in WM by sustained neural activity in buffers. Such evidence comes from machine-learning methods that can decode patterns of brain activity and the simultaneous administration of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to causally manipulate brain activity in specific areas and time points. TMS can “ping” brain areas to both reactivate latent representations retained in WM and affect memory performance. On the basis of these findings, I argue for a supplement to sustained retention mechanisms. Brain-decoding methods also reveal that dynamic levels of representational codes are retained in WM, and these vary according to task context, from perceptual (sensory) codes in posterior areas to abstract, recoded representations distributed across frontoparietal regions. A dynamic-processing model of WM is advanced to account for the overall pattern of results.

scholarly journals 1635. Do Persons With Opioid Use Disorder and Injection-Related Infections Really Need Prolonged Hospitalizations to Complete Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S44-S44
Author(s):  
Laura Fanucchi ◽  
Sharon Walsh ◽  
Alice Thornton ◽  
Paul Nuzzo ◽  
Michelle Lofwall
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Study ◽  
Early Discharge ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Illicit Opioid Use

Abstract Background Persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) hospitalized with severe, injection-related infections (e.g., endocarditis) often remain inpatient to complete intravenous (IV) antibiotics due to assumptions that, if outpatient, patients will inject drugs into the IV catheter and will fail to complete prescribed antibiotic regimens. No evidence supports these assumptions, and unfortunately, the inpatient stay infrequently includes OUD pharmacotherapy. The aim is to determine whether inpatients with OUD and injection-related infections can be safely discharged to complete antibiotics through a IV catheter in the context of comprehensive outpatient OUD treatment including buprenorphine. Methods Pilot proof-of-concept, randomized study enrolling hospitalized adults with OUD and severe injection-related infections. Participants are provided inpatient buprenorphine treatment with counseling and randomized (1:1) to usual care (UC) [completing IV antibiotics inpatient] or to early discharge (ED) [completing IV antibiotics outpatient]. Both groups receive 12 weeks of comprehensive OUD treatment with buprenorphine after discharge. Results Seventy-six patients screened, 20 met eligibility criteria, provided informed consent, and randomized; 10 to UC and 10 to ED. Similar baseline characteristics; 90% in UC with endocarditis and 100% in ED. Length of stay, UC: 45.9 days (SD ±7.8), ED 22.7 (SD ±7.5) (P < 0.001). Ten in UC and 9 in ED completed recommended IV antibiotics, one in ED group is still receiving antibiotics; ED finished 19.8 days (SD ±11.7) IV antibiotics outpatient. Self-reported illicit opioid use 30 days before hospitalization compared with 12-week outpatient phase decreased in both groups (P = 0.009); no significant difference between groups (P = 0.141) (Figure 1). Conclusion Early results suggest patients with OUD and complex injection-related infections may be safely discharged to complete IV antibiotics via indwelling catheters if comprehensive OUD treatment with buprenorphine is started while inpatient and continued after discharge. Importantly, while prolonged inpatient care is common practice, viewed as protective but extremely costly, these data suggest that comprehensive outpatient care is feasible and may be equi-effective. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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